甘肃省菊科植物3个分布新记录属

报道了甘肃省菊科植物的3个分布新记录属,母菊属(Matricaria),联毛紫菀属(Symphyotrichum)和艾纳香属(Blumea),以及3个甘肃省分布新记录种,同花母菊[Matricaria matricarioides(Lessing)Porter ex Britton],钻形紫菀[Symphyotrichum subulatum(Michaux)G.L.Nesom]和柔毛艾纳香[Blumea axillaris(Lamarck)Candolle]。     

中国菊科二新记录属

报道了中国菊科2新记录属:距格菊属(Koyamasia H.Rob.)、婴带菊属(Struchium P.Browne)和2新记录种:距格菊[K.curtisii(Craib&Hutch.)Bunwong,Chantar.&S.C.Keeley]、婴带菊[S.sparganophorum(L.)Kuntze].这2属都...     

横断山及邻近地区八种菊科植物的染色体数目及核型

对横断山及邻近地区风毛菊属(Saussurea)、帚菊属(Pertya)和针苞菊属(Tricholepis)的8种菊科植物进行细胞学研究,其中异叶帚菊(Pertya berberidoides)(2n=2x=32=28m+4sm)、针苞菊(Trichole-pis furcata)(2n=2x=32=16m+ 16sm)、中甸风毛菊(Saussurea dschungdienensis)(2n=2x=30=30m+Bs)、丽江风毛菊(S.likiangensis)(2n 2x=32=26m+6sm)、倒齿风毛菊(S.retroserrata)(2n=2x=32=14m+18sm)和显梗风毛菊(S.peduncularis)(2n=2x=36=26m+ 10sm)为首次报道染色体数目和核型,长毛风毛菊(S.hieracioides)和三角叶风毛菊(S.deltoidea)的核型公式分别为:2n=4x=64=30m+34sm和2n=2x=34=22m+ 12sm,与前人报道的一致.8种植物中,除中甸风毛菊和异叶帚菊的核型不对称性为1B型外,其余6种的核型不对称性均属于2B型;在中甸风毛菊中首次发现B染色体.结合现有的细胞学资料分析表明,风毛菊属和帚菊木族的染色体数目存在变异,并且存在明显的非整倍性;此外,分布于横断山区的风毛菊属植物仪有两种倍性(二倍体和四倍体),而且多倍化并不占主导地位.     

德国甘菊的资源评价与产业化

正德国甘菊的基本介绍德国甘菊(Matricaria chamomilla L.)系菊科母菊属一年生草本植物,株高20～80厘米,原产欧洲东南部,在德国、匈牙利、法国、俄罗斯、巴西、埃及、墨西哥、印度等国广泛种植,种植面积已达2万余公顷。近年来,以匈牙利产量较大,并主要以干花形式出口到德国,再提取精油在国际市场上销售。     

条叶雪莲,中国菊科一新记录种

报道了中国菊科风毛菊属一新记录种:条叶雪莲(Saussurea linearifolia Ludlow),并根据馆藏标本提供特征描述。本种以前记载分布于尼泊尔和印度的喜马拉雅地区,我国西藏吉隆为首次发现。     

高山宝药—雪莲花

雪莲花,是我国西部高山地区的重要药用植物。早在《西北城记》和《柑园小识》等书中,就有关于雪莲的记载,《本草纲目拾遗》又有雪荷花的记载,并把二者合而为一,统称雪莲花。作为雪莲花原植物,随产地而别,但均属于菊科风毛菊属(Saussurea)中的两个亚属——雪兔子亚属和雪莲亚属,且一般多分布于海拔4000米     

中国喀喇昆仑山菊科春黄菊族植物研究

在野外实地考察的基础上,结合查阅有关标本,对中国喀喇昆仑山菊科春黄菊族植物进行了形态分类学研究.结果表明:中国喀喇昆仑山菊科春黄菊族共有5属28种2变种,分别占该区菊科植物属种总数的20.0%和30.8%;其中中国喀喇昆仑山新记录种2种--羽叶扁芒菊[Waldheimia tomentosa (Decne.) Regel]与草原绢蒿[Seriphidium schrenkianum (Ledeb.) Poljak],无本区特有种与仅分布种.该区春黄菊族植物寡种属占优势,但种级水平多种属(蒿属Artemisia L.)种数占优势;植物区系以温带性质为主,占总属数的80.0%;植物生活型以地面芽和地上芽植物为主,占总种数的92.8%.     

凋缨菊属在广西的首次记录及其生物地理学意义

报道了广西菊科斑鸠菊族的1个新记录属——凋缨菊属,描述了凋缨菊的分类学特征,给出了详细的图解,绘制了整个凋缨菊属的分布图。这一发现表明了我国桂西南热带地区与滇南以及中南半岛在植物区系上的紧密联系。     

贵州植物区系增补Ⅱ

报道了贵州种子植物地理分布新记录属2个,即獐耳细辛属Hepatica Mill.、扭柄花属Streptopus Michx..新记录种14个,即金佛铁线莲Clematis gratopsis W.T.Wang、川鄂獐耳细辛Hepatica henryi (Oliv.) Steward、网脉唐松草Thalictrum reticulatum Franch.、阴山荠Yinshania acutangula (O.E.Schulz) Y.H.Zhang、大花杠柳Periploca tsiangii D.Fang et H.Z.Ling、钻萼唇柱苣苔Chirita subulatisepala W.T.Wang、南川橐吾Ligularia nanchuanica S.W.Liu、鸢尾叶风毛菊Saussurea romuleifolia Franch.、圆叶风毛菊Saussurea rotundifolia Chen、莲座狗舌草Tephroseris changii B.Nord.、少花黄鹌菜Youngia szechuanica(Soderb.) S.Y.Hu、地杨梅Luzula campestris (L.) DC.、疏花粉条儿菜Aletris laxiflora Bur.et Franch.、小花扭柄花Streptopus parviflorus Franch..新记录变种2个,即扇叶虎耳草Saxifraga rufescens Balf.f.var.flabellifolia C.Y.Wu et J.T.Pan、空心柴胡Bupleurum longicaule Wall.ex DC.var.franchetii H.de Boiss.     

封面植物简介——羽裂雪兔子

羽裂雪兔子(Saussurea leucoma Diels)隶属菊科风毛菊属,为我国特有的多年生草本植物。植株高7～15cm。茎单生直立,被稠密的叶。茎中下部叶有柄,线状披针形,长3～5cm,宽0.5～2.5cm,羽状深裂,叶     

Saussurea baoxingensis sp. nov. (Compositae,Cardueae) from Sichuan,China

Saussurea baoxingensis Y. S. Chen (Compositae, Cardueae), a new species of snow lotus from the Sichuan province, China is described and illustrated. It belongs to subgenus Amphilaena and is allied to S. muliensis. Morphological characteristics that distinguish the new species from S. muliensis are presented and discussed.     

中国黑粉菌补遗Ⅲ

本文报道我国黑粉菌三种新纪录。特氏楔孢黑粉菌(Thecaphora trailii Cooke)寄生于风毛菊(Saussurea japonica (Thunb.) DC.)花序中,孢子球由2-5(-8)个孢子组成,黑粉孢子10.5-22×8.5-15 Imo翠雀条黑粉菌(Urocystis delphinii Golovin)寄生于翠雀(Delphinium grandiflorum L.)的茎和叶柄上,孢子球由1-10个孢子组成,黑粉孢子12.5-18×10-15 μm,不育细胞5.5-12 μm。籣草黑粉菌(Ustilago echinata Schroeter)寄生于籣草(Phalaris arundinacea L.)的叶和叶鞘上,黑粉孢子12.5-19×10.5-16 μm,表面纹饰粗痰,部分联结为脊状或网状。     

西藏和北极巴罗地区菊科植物几个属的花粉

对西藏和北极巴罗地区菊科4个属(蒿属、飞蓬属、风毛菊属和千里光属)17个种的花粉形态进行了光学和扫描电子显微镜的观察、比较。结果表明这两个地区菊科4个属的花粉粒大多为球形或近球形,少数是扁球形或长球形。萌发孔的类型均为三孔沟。但在花粉大小、萌发孔形状、外壁厚度以及表面纹饰等方面存在差异。通过对这两个地区菊科植物花粉形态的观察有可能为菊科分化、迁移,以及化石孢粉的研究提供参考资料。     

甘肃风毛菊属植物区系地理研究及与邻近地区区系的关系

根据对风毛菊属植物野外调查,标本的收集、整理和系统鉴定,该地区风毛菊属植物共有57种1变种,隶属于4亚属,在甘肃省有2个分布丰富区:青藏高原东、北缘的甘南地区和祁连山地。分析表明,风毛菊属植物是一个北温带分布的属,可划为5个分布型和2个变型,其中以中国特有、横断山脉—喜马拉雅分布最多(分别占36%和29.5%),特有属为新特有属,说明该区系属于一个年轻的、以横断山脉—喜马拉雅分布为主的温带性质,并与青藏高原、中亚地区有密切联系;喜马拉雅、横断山区是风毛菊属植物的现代分布中心和分化中心,华北、华中地区是一个次生分布中心;菊科在古地中海地区于第三纪的早、中期得到分化与发展,其中原始的帚木菊族向西南亚迁移时分化、衍生出原始的菜蓟族的祖先种,该族在大约第三纪从起源中心向中亚干旱地区分化出风毛菊属植物,因此,该区系起源于第三纪的中亚至喜马拉雅一带;青藏高原的隆起、海浸海退,使属内种类剧烈分化,第三纪、第四纪北半球冰期、间冰期交替作用,使本区系向亚洲温暖地区迁移,并进一步发展,形成了现今的区系成分。     

Quinic acid derivatives from Saussurea triangulata attenuates glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells

The leaves of Saussurea triangulata (Compositae) have been eaten with rice as a wrapping vegetable for preventing neuro-aging. However, the components responsible for the neuroprotective effects of S. triangulata still remain unidentified. In the process of investigating the neuroprotective activity of S. triangulata, we found that a methanol extract of S. triangulata exhibited significant protection against glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells. Three quinic acid derivatives were isolated from the n-BuOH fraction of S. triangulata. Among these three quinic acid derivatives, methyl 5-caffeoylquinic acid (3) exhibited significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced toxicity exhibiting cell viability of about 50%, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μM to 10 μM. Therefore, the neuroprotective effect of S. triangulata might be due to the inhibition of glutamate-induced toxicity by the quinic acid derivatives from S. triangulata.     

Interxylary cork of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Saussurea discolor</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">S. pygmaea</Emphasis> (Asteraceae)

The root anatomy of the subalpine to alpine plant species Saussurea discolor (Willd.) DC., and Saussurea pygmaea (Jacq.) Spreng., (Asteraceae) has been investigated by means of light and fluorescence microscopy on specimens of Austrian provenance. Both species develop a so called interxylary cork which mediates the splitting of the root into various strands. This phenomenon takes place in the secondary xylem and involves the development of a periderm separating the originally solid xylem cylinder. Interxylary cork is currently known from approximately 40 species of the Dicotyledones. This is the first report of this specific anatomical structure from the two studied species.     

四川菊科植物新记录

报道四川菊科植物分布新记录15种,即白山蒿、韦谷草白背变种、百能葳、小一点红、异羽千里光、无毛蟹甲草、黑紫橐吾、蒜叶婆罗门参、华北鸦葱、毛柄蒲儿根、三尖千里光、华麻花头、棉头风毛菊、灰白风毛菊、丽江蓟。列出这些种的标本引证、地理分布和近缘种的区别等。     

Vernonia longicuspis (Compositae: Vernonieae), a new combination from Bolivia

A new combination is provided in Vernonia (Compositae: Vernoniae), V. longicuspis (Dematt.) D. J. N. Hind, based on Lessingianthus longicuspis Dematt., recently described from Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and Brazil (Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul).     

Saussurea chabyoungsanica Im (Compositae), a new species from Mt. Chabyoung-san, Korea

A new species, theSaussurea chabyoungsanica Im, is described from Mt. Chabyoung-san, Kangwon Province, Korea. The new species has long elliptic leaves with short petioles and a compact corymb which consists of many slender tubular heads and tiny pedicels. These characteristics are not seen in any otherSausurea species in Korea, Japan, and northeast China (Manchuria).Saussurea chabyoungsanica is an endemic species of Korea.     

The common occurrence of incompletely developed pollen of Eupatorium (Compositae: Eupatorieae)

Mature anthers of Eupatorium serotinum Michx., E. coelestinum L. and E. purpureum L. (Compositae: Eupatorieae) contain both loose mature pollen grains and acetolysis-resistant extratapetal sacs enclosing clusters of immature pollen. Many sacs contain incompletely developed pollen grains that differ in size diameter, with spines of varying lengths and degrees of acuity and with colpal areas having narrow to markedly protracted margins. We presume that all nutrients for pollen development within sacs come from plasmodial tapetum included therein. Thus, pollen in portions of the sac or in isolated sacs with inadequate plasmodial tapetum may be incompletely developed. Such partial development may result from stress, e.g. insufficient nutrients and water. While our data are from three species of Eupatorium, we have long noted the syndrome in other Eupatorieae and other tribes in the Compositae. Curtailing supplies for development of some portions of an anther could be an evolutionary strategy for survival of the species through periods of stress.