笼养间蜂猴的生长发育

本文报道了笼养条件下出生的２０胎４１仔（２６♂♂,１５♀♀）间蜂猴的生长发育的研究,其研究内容及结果如下：（１）体重,体长,前肢长,后肢长,耳长和尾长的生长方程及头骨的瞬时增长率,表明间蜂猴属快速生长的早熟类群。（２）幼猴的成猴毛色有一个由浅变深的过程,面部皮肤（包括耳,鼻,眼圈）及手足皮肤从幼猴到成猴有一个明显的变化,幼猴为浅粉红色,成猴为黑色,（３）初生幼仔门齿,犬齿,第１前臼齿已被龈萌发,１     

亲缘关系与布氏田鼠双亲行为和杀婴行为关系的初探

根据幼仔发育的 5个阶段 :新生 (1～ 5日龄 )、耳立 (6～ 9日龄 )、睁眼 (10～14日龄 )、出巢 (15～ 2 0日龄 )和断奶 (2 1～2 4日龄 ) ,通过观察布氏田鼠对自己幼仔 (r=0 5 0 )和非亲缘幼仔 (r <0 12 5 )的行为反应 ,研究亲缘关系对布氏田鼠双亲和杀婴行为的影响。结果表明 :1)新生阶段 ,雄鼠抚育亲仔的时间显著多于非亲缘幼仔 ;断奶阶段 ,雄鼠与亲仔相触及在巢内活动的时间也显著多于非亲缘幼仔 ;雄鼠在耳立、出巢和断奶阶段嗅闻非亲缘幼仔 ,以及在新生和睁眼阶段修饰非亲缘幼仔的时间都显著多于亲仔。 2 )断奶阶段 ,雌鼠与亲仔相触的时间显著多于非亲缘幼仔 ,但在睁眼阶段修饰非亲缘幼仔 ,以及在新生、耳立和出巢阶段嗅闻非亲缘幼仔的时间显著多于亲仔。 3)雌雄鼠在15日龄前没有杀婴行为 ,15日龄后 ,开始对非亲缘幼仔发生杀婴行为 ;雌鼠杀婴行为受幼仔发育的显著影响 ,且杀婴频次显著高于雄鼠 ;雌鼠在断奶阶段对非亲缘幼仔的杀婴频次显著高于亲仔。综上所述 ,亲缘关系对布氏田鼠的双亲和杀婴行为有显著影响 ,这可能与个体间的已往经历 (熟悉性等 )或表现性匹配等辨别机制有关。     

白头叶猴婴猴月龄和性别对母婴关系的影响

非人灵长类动物的母婴关系是婴猴第一次重要的社会体验,对婴猴的生长发育、正常社会行为以及心理健康都具有重要意义。因此,母婴关系研究一直是灵长类学研究的热点之一。为深入了解白头叶猴(Trachypithecus leucocephalus)母婴关系的发展和影响因素,2009年9月至2010年8月,我们以广西崇左白头叶猴国家级自然保护区岜盆片区的一群野生白头叶猴为研究对象,记录其母婴行为的发生持续时长和发生频次,结合婴猴月龄和性别,探究婴猴月龄和性别对白头叶猴母婴关系的影响。结果表明：婴猴月龄显著影响白头叶猴的母婴关系。随着婴猴月龄的不断增长,母猴对婴猴的保护也随之逐渐减少,表明婴猴的发育是从依赖母猴到逐步独立融入社群的过程。婴猴性别对母婴行为的持续时间无显著影响,但在发生频次上母猴对雌性婴猴的照顾明显多于雄性婴猴。婴猴性别对母婴间的理毛行为、含乳行为均无显著影响,但对怀抱行为具有显著影响。白头叶猴母猴对不同性别的婴猴采取不同的照顾方式,这可能与雄性婴猴和雌性婴猴未来所承担的社会角色不同有关。     

我国灵长目一种的新记录

1986年3—6月,个旧市动物园在云南省文山、蒙自和马关一带先后获得5只蜂猴,运抵个旧市后,其中1雌猴产下1胎仔。该动物园转让给北京动物园的2只活体标本,经鉴定应为倭蜂猴Nyctcebus pygmaeus Bonhote,系我国灵长类新记录,简报如下:鉴别特征体型显然小于N.concang,约为后者的1/2。体被毛细丝绒状,橙一赤褐色,头或背往下没有任何暗色的界限。腹部、手和脚有银灰色光泽,口鼻、唇白色,并从鼻部向上伸展到两眼之间形成一白色条纹,至额部突然终止。耳中等大小,圆形。尾极短。     

麋鹿幼仔的活动同步性与同性聚群倾向

哺乳动物幼体从出生到性成熟这段时间存在生理和行为上的巨大变化.麋鹿幼仔出生1周内,与成鹿和其它仔鹿呈隔离状态,且藏卧于隐蔽处,母鹿哺乳是引起幼仔活动的主要因素.     

六六六一煤酚皂溶液治疗猴子疥螨病试验的初步观察

发病过程及临床症状 西宁市园林处人民公园原有猴子16只,1972年以前没发生过皮肤病。1973年3月25日从呼和浩特市人民公园,引进猴子5只,因检疫和隔离不严,入园后与原有猴子混群饲养一段时间后,发现所有猴子均不同程度地感染了皮肤病。1974年春,29只猴子中约有70％呈现明显的秃毛,有5只母猴严重脱毛,整天不断地抓痒,皮肤变灰白色、增厚,尤其是头部、四肢最为严重。但6只藏猴(除1只母猴外)和公猴及1只猴王临床症状不明显。 初生幼猴也感染此病,如1只感染严重的母猴于1975年3月1日生1幼猴,到7月份就     

麇鹿幼仔的活动同步性与同性聚群倾向

哺乳动物幼体从出生到性成熟这段时间存在生理和行为上的巨大变化。麋鹿幼仔出生1周内,与成鹿和其它仔鹿呈隔离状态,且藏卧于隐蔽处,母鹿哺乳是引起幼仔活动的主要因素。本文旨在探讨麋鹿雌雄幼仔之间的聚群倾向和活动同步性指数。现报道如下。1　材料与方法1 1　研究地点和对象本研究在北京麋鹿苑内进行。麋鹿苑面积60hm2,1999年有麋鹿近160头。植被优势种类为蟋蟀草(Eleusineindica),画眉草(Eragrostiscilia nensis),马塘(Digitariasangunalis)和狗尾草(Se tariaviridis)等。年均气温13 1℃,1月平均气温-3 4℃,7月平均气温26 4℃。年…     

胎仔数与父本缺失对棕色田鼠幼仔体重发育的影响

室内饲养条件下,测量了出生后不同发育阶段棕色田鼠Microtus mandarinus的体重,并探讨了胎仔数(分别为1只、2只、3只和4只)及父本缺失(母鼠单独抚育)对幼仔体重发育的影响.结果表明,棕色田鼠出生后第一周体重的瞬时生长率最高,此后逐步下降;出生后28～35 d,体重增益最大(P<0.05).出生后7 d,不同胎仔数的体重没有明显差异,但至断乳时(出生后21 d),胎仔数为2只的幼仔平均体重明显高于其它胎仔数的平均体重(P<0.05).与双亲抚育相比,母鼠单独抚育的幼仔在断乳时的体重明显下降(P<0.05).这些结果说明,哺乳期内棕色田鼠幼仔的体重发育与胎仔数有关.由于棕色田鼠是单配制,双亲育幼,父本雄鼠的缺失减少了亲本投资,影响了幼仔的身体发育.     

蜂猴线粒体细胞色素b基因变异特点及系统发育分析

测定了蜂猴属（Nycticebus)1个蜂猴（N.coucang)和2个矮蜂猴（N,pygmaseus)个体的线粒体细胞色素b(cyt-b)基因全序列,比较现有的司猴科其他种序列,分析了核苷酸序列差异和碱基替换特点,以指猴为外群重建了系统发育树,结果表明,在所研究的个体中,2个蜂猴物种碱基组成具有哺乳动物的共同特点,它们之间转换比（特别是密码子第3位）是颠换比的6倍多,大于其他种间比较;低的Ka/Ks值（＜0．1）,说明懒猴科cyt-b基因的异义突位点受到强的选择压力作用。由cyt-b基因构建的系统发育树符合懒猴科化石记录和形态学分类观点,根据化石记录和与分化时间有一定线性关系的第3位颠换和同义突变速率,估算蜂猴与倭蜂猴种间,蜂猴与蜂属间可能的分化时间分别为300和600万年。     

毛冠鹿自然育幼行为观察

于2006年6～11月对成都动物园饲养繁殖的毛冠鹿母仔的自然育幼行为采用瞬时观察法,每天8∶00～17∶00进行连续观察,每隔1min收集1次数据。结果显示母舔仔和仔吮乳的行为发生次数在出生20d内较多,之后逐渐下降,到60d以后几乎为0;而仔摄食和排便行为在出生20d以内几乎没有,20d后大幅增加;幼仔的活动频率也逐渐增加,40d以后活动很频繁。不同幼仔间存在个体差异。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).