乳腺癌患者循环肿瘤细胞与癌干细胞相关性的初步研究

目的：检测乳腺癌患者外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）和具有癌干细胞（CSC）标志的CTC（CSC-CTC）,探讨患者外周血微转移与CSC的相关性。方法：患者和健康者PBMC与磁珠偶联上皮细胞黏附分子单抗孵育后,用磁性分离法富集PBMC中的上皮细胞。以CK＋为患者PBMC中CTC标志,用流式细胞术（FCM）检测健康者和患者的PBMC中CK＋细胞及CK＋/CD44＋/CD24-细胞含量,并比较各组间CTC、CSC-CTC含量的差异。结果：用FCM在73.07%的患者中检测到CTC,在19例检测到CTC的患者中18例有CSC-CTC（94.74%）,CTC中CSC数量比例平均为19.01%,且患者PBMC中CTC和CSC-CTC比例与临床TNM分期相关。结论：初步建立了患者外周血CSC-CTC的检测方法,结果显示乳腺癌患者外周血微转移中有CSC-CTC的参与,临床分期越晚的患者CTC和CSC-CTC的数量越多。     

循环肿瘤细胞单细胞测序——液体活检的新视角

循环肿瘤细胞是实体肿瘤原发灶或转移灶侵袭、脱落进入外周血的,具有高活力、高转移潜能的肿瘤细胞。由于肿瘤存在异质性,导致肿瘤组织高通量测序分析难以发现低丰度肿瘤干细胞的基因组特征。循环肿瘤细胞单细胞测序,通过比较患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞、肿瘤原发灶和转移灶及转移淋巴结中单细胞基因组、转录组和表观遗传组的差异,避免肿瘤异质性的干扰,为认识肿瘤的生物学进程提供了全新视角。现综述了运用单细胞测序技术分析实体肿瘤外周血循环肿瘤细胞基因组变异的主要技术和研究进展。     

综述——基于纳米材料的生物检测与医学诊断技术：循环肿瘤细胞富集和检测的纳米技术

循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)是肿瘤转移过程中在血液循环系统中存活的肿瘤细胞,该细胞的生成被认为是肿瘤发生转移的必要前提．CTC的存在与否及数量多少是肿瘤预后判断、疗效监控和肿瘤转移评估的一个重要检测指标．近年来,纳米材料、纳米结构表面以及可操控微量液体的微流控技术广泛应用于CTC的富集和检测,本文对CTC富集、检测纳米技术的最新进展进行综述,希望能够为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供帮助．     

微流控芯片在分选富集循环肿瘤细胞中的应用

循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells, CTCs)是指从原发肿瘤部位脱落,进入外周血循环的肿瘤细胞,对其准确检测有利于早期癌症转移的诊断与治疗。然而,血液中CTCs的量极少,检测前要先对其进行分选富集。在众多的分选富集方法中,微流控芯片技术成本低、通量高、样品需求量小,可达到特异、灵敏、高捕获率的效果。该文综述了近年来使用微流控芯片分选富集CTCs的方法,同时,分析了各种方法的优缺点,并对未来的发展趋势进行了探讨。     

循环肿瘤细胞在肾癌患者中的意义及其维、汉民族差异的初步探讨

目的：判断细胞角蛋白19(cytokeratin19,CK19)作为循环肿瘤细胞的标志物的意义,探讨在肾癌病人外周血中CK19 的表达 情况和临床价值,并观察汉族与维吾尔族肾癌患者之间循环肿瘤细胞的差异。方法：50 例肾癌病人设为病例组,健康体检人群50 例设为对照组,对上述两组人群应用流式细胞仪技术检测外周血中CK19 的表达水平;并探讨肾癌病人外周血CK19 的表达与肾 癌病理分类、病理分期及组织学分级之间的关系;比较20 例汉族肾细胞癌患者及20 例维吾尔族肾癌患者外周血中CK19 的差异 表达情况。结果：组间比较,50例对照组中无阳性,50 例肾癌患者组中24 例阳性;组内比较,不同肾癌病理分类之间CK19 表达差 异没有统计学意义(P>0.05),不同肾癌病理分期及组织学分级之间CK19 表达差异具有有统计学意义(P<0.05)。维吾尔族与汉族 两个不同民族肾癌之间的血清循环肿瘤细胞存在着较明显差异(P<0.05)。结论：在肾癌患者外周血中的CK19 可以初步判断循环 肿瘤细胞的水平,对早期肾癌的诊断、预测具有一定的意义,值得进一步探索和研究,维吾尔族肾癌与汉族肾癌患者之间循环肿瘤 细胞可能存在差异。     

外周血CTC、VEGF的水平与晚期非小细胞肺癌临床特征及化疗疗效关系的研究

摘要 目的：探讨外周血循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的水平与晚期非小细胞肺癌临床特征及化疗疗效的关系。方法：选取我院2017年1月到2020年1月收治的80例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者作为研究对象,所有患者均采取一线方案化疗,分析外周血CTC、VEGF的水平与患者的年龄、性别等的关系,并对晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗疗效进行单因素与多因素COX分析。结果：CTC、VEGF与不同性别、年龄患者和TNM分期无明显关系（P＞0.05）,与淋巴结转移、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤大小有关（P＜0.05）;80例患者中,客观缓解率（ORR）为51.25 %（41/80）,疾病控制率（DCR）为71.25 %（57/80）;淋巴结转移、肿瘤分化程度、CTC和血清VEGF水平为晚期非小细胞肺癌患者ORR、DCR的影响因素（P＜0.05）;COX分析分析表明：肿瘤中、低分化、CTC阴性、VEGF降低为晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗ORR和DCR提升的独立影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论：外周血CTC、VEGF检测对于晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗近远期疗效评估具有重要价值,属于预后独立影响因素。因此,CTC、VEGF可作为晚期非小细胞肺癌的预后及疗效判断的指标。     

非小细胞肺癌患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞与临床病理特征和血清CEA、NSE、Cyfra21-1、pro-GRP的关系分析

摘要 目的：研究非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者外周血循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）与临床病理特征及血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、细胞角蛋白21-1（Cyfra21-1）、胃泌素释放肽前体（pro-GRP）的关系。方法：将中山大学附属江门医院从2018年1月～2021年1月收治的100例NSCLC患者纳入研究组,另选取同期我院收治的肺部良性病变患者50例作为对照组。检测并比较两组CTC计数及血清CEA、NSE、Cyfra21-1、pro-GRP水平,分析NSCLC患者外周血CTC与临床病理特征和血清CEA、NSE、Cyfra21-1、pro-GRP水平的关系。此外,通过受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析外周血CTC和血清CEA、NSE、Cyfra21-1、pro-GRP诊断NSCLC的效能。结果：研究组外周血CTC计数及血清CEA、NSE、Cyfra21-1、pro-GRP水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示：NSCLC患者外周血CTC计数和血清CEA、NSE、Cyfra21-1、pro-GRP水平均呈正相关（P＜0.05）。TNM分期为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、有吸烟史的NSCLC患者CTC阳性比例明显高于TNM分期为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期、无吸烟史的NSCLC患者（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示：CTC计数及血清CEA、NSE、Cyfra21-1、pro-GRP水平联合检测诊断NSCLC的曲线下面积最大。结论：NSCLC患者外周血CTC计数升高,与血清CEA、NSE、Cyfra21-1、pro-GRP水平均存在相关性,且CTC阳性与NSCLC恶性进展和患者吸烟史有关,联合检测上述指标诊断NSCLC可获得较为理想的效能。     

应用多重RT—PCR技术检测食管癌患者外周血多种肿瘤基因标志物的研究

目的:建立多重RT-PCR同步检测技术,联合检测黑色素瘤抗原MAGEA3基因、人类斯钙素hsTC1基因、上皮细胞角质蛋白CK20、CK19基因及癌胚抗原CEA基因mRNA在食管癌患者外周血中的表达。方法:在分析MAGEA3、hSTC1、CK20、CK19、CEA和β-actin六种基因mRNA全长序列资料的基础上,自行设计并筛选出6对引物及6条寡核苷酸探针,利用多重RT-PCR技术并结合基因芯片对样本进行检测。结果:全部样品均可检出β-actin,55例食管癌患者外周静脉血中MAGEA3、hSTC1、CK20、CK19和CEA的阳性表达率分别为25.45%、47.27%、49.09%、34.55%和52.73%;多重RT-PCR技术同时检测MAGEA3、hSTC1、CK20、CK19和CEA基因,如果至少表达其中一种即可作为阳性表达者,其阳性表达率可达72.73%。而10例食管癌组织中均为阳性,28例正常健康捐献者的外周血中有2例CEA表达阳性,27例非肿瘤病人的外周血中有3例CK20阳性,3例CK19阳性,3例CEA阳性。测序结果证实RT-PCR产物确为MAGEA3、hSTC1、CK20、CK19和CEA基因。结论:联合检测MAGEA3、hSTC1、CK20、CK19和CEA可以增加外周血循环癌细胞检测的敏感性,本研究建立的多重RT-PCR技术可以做为一种快速、灵敏的检测手段。     

乳腺癌患者循环肿瘤细胞检测的研究进展

血行播散是乳腺癌转移的重要途径,检测腋窝淋巴结已经不能完全准确判断乳腺癌患者是否存在转移。肿瘤细胞进入外周血是肿瘤远处转移的前提,对乳腺癌患者循环肿瘤细胞的检测将有助于判断预后,指导治疗,监测治疗效果。简要综述了乳腺癌循环肿瘤细胞及其检测方法的研究进展。     

应用多重RT-ORC技术检测食管癌患者外周血多种肿瘤基因标志物的研究

目的:建立多重RT-PCR同步检测技术,联合检测黑色素瘤抗原MAGEA3基因、人类斯钙素hSTC1基因、上皮细胞角质蛋白CK20、CK19基因及癌胚抗原CEA基因mRNA在食管癌患者外周血中的表达.方法:在分析MAGEA3、hSTC1、CK20、CK19、CEA和B-actin六种基因mRNA全长序列资料的基础上,自行设计并筛选出6对引物及6条寡核苷酸探针,利用多重RT-PCR技术并结合基因芯片对样本进行检测.结果:全部样品均可检出B-actin,55例食管癌患者外周静脉血中MAGEA3、hSTC1、CK20、CK19和CEA的阳性表达率分别为25.45%、47.27%、49.09%、34.55%和52.73%;多重RT-PCR技术同时检测MAGEA3、hSTC1、CK20、CK19和CEA基因,如果至少表达其中一种即可作为阳性表达者,其阳性表达率可达72.73%.而10例食管癌组织中均为阳性,28例正常健康捐献者的外周血中有2例CEA表达阳性,27例非肿瘤病人的外周血中有3例CK20阳性,3例CK19阳性,3例CEA阳性.测序结果证实RT-PCR产物确为MAGEA3、hSTC1、CK20、CK19和CEA基因.结论:联合检测MAGEA3、hSTC1、CK20、CK19和CEA可以增加外周血循环癌细胞检测的敏感性,本研究建立的多重RT-PCR技术可以做为一种快速、灵敏的检测手段.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.