表皮生长因子及受体在甲状腺肿瘤中的表达

目的:研究表皮生长因子(Epidermal Growth Factor,EGF)及受体(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor,EGFR)及在甲状腺肿瘤中的表达。方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测91例甲状腺病变组织中EGFR和EGF的表达情况。结果:结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤、分化型甲状腺癌标本中EGFR表达的阳性率分别为15%、25%、68.62%,EGF表达的阳性率分别为10%、15%、68.62%,其中EGFR、EGF在分化型甲状腺癌与其余两组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。EGFR和EGF在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、临床分期等临床因素无明显相关。结论:EGF和EGFR的表达可作为鉴别甲状腺肿瘤良恶性的一个指标。     

生长激素对实验大鼠牙齿移动过程中VEGF表达的影响

目的:探讨生长激素(growth hormone,GH)对实验大鼠牙齿移动过程中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在牙周组织中表达的影响。方法:将40只7周龄大的雄性Wistar大鼠根据是否注射生长激素分为实验组(E)和对照组(C)。将50 g力值加于近中左侧上颌第一磨牙。E组和C组分别腹部皮下注射GH(0.15IU/公斤/天)及等剂量的生理盐水。大鼠分别在第1、3、7、14和21天处死。上颌第一磨牙及其牙周组织切片行VEGF免疫组织化学染色,并进行图像分析和统计。结果:无论张力侧及压力侧VEGF在实验组表达的量均高于对照组,第3天组中张力侧及压力侧实验组平均光密度值分别为174.47±7.53和345.80±25.46与其各自对照组相比较数据具有统计学意义(P0.05),两侧实验组的VEGF的表达强度峰值均出现在第7天,分别为669.97±3.22和923.77±18.41差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),VEGF表达峰值及峰值之前压力侧无论实验组和对照组VEGF的表达强度要明显高于张力侧相应分组。结论:短期注射生长激素促进了牙周组织中VEGF的表达,对于正畸牙齿移动具有一定的促进作用。     

缺氧诱导因子1 α、血管内皮生长因子和成纤维细胞生长因子在胰腺癌中的表达及意义

目的:研究胰腺癌组织中缺氧诱导因子la|pha(Hypoxia-inducible factor-laipha,HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factor,FGF)的表达并探讨其意义.方法:Western blot法检测22例胰腺癌及癌旁组织中HIF-1α、VEGF和FGF蛋白的表达,分析HIF-1α与VEGF、FGF之间的相关性以及与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移和TNM分期之间的关系.结果:HIF-1α、VEGF和FGF在胰腺癌组织中的蛋白表达水平明显高于胰腺癌周组织(P＜0.01),HIF-1α与VEGF、FGF之间的表达具有显著相关性(P＜0.01).HIF-1α的表达与胰腺癌的TNM分期、肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.01),VEGF和FGF的表达与胰腺癌的肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05).结论:HIF-1α可以上调VEGF和FGF的表达,在胰腺癌的发生、发展中起着重要作用.     

水黄皮根总黄酮对大鼠乙酸型胃溃疡胃黏膜EGF及TGF-α表达的影响

目的:观察水黄皮根总黄酮(PRF)对胃溃疡大鼠乙酸型胃溃疡的作用,探讨该药促进溃疡愈合的可能机制。方法:采用乙酸注射至大鼠浆膜下形成胃溃疡模型,观察水黄皮根总黄酮对胃溃疡大鼠乙酸型胃溃疡愈合质量的影响,用放免法检测血清表皮生长因子(EGF)含量,用免疫组化法检测胃黏膜组织EGF、转化生长因子-α(TGF-α)的表达。结果:PRF能显著降低溃疡指数(P<0.05,P<0.01),提高血清中EGF含量(P<0.05,P<0.01),增强溃疡边缘胃黏膜EGF、TGF-α的表达(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:PRF能提高溃疡愈合质量,增强溃疡瘢痕处EGF、TGF-α的表达可能是其作用机制之一。     

全蝎软膏对糖尿病皮肤溃疡大鼠模型EGF、PDGF及其受体表达的影响

摘要 目的：探讨全蝎软膏对糖尿病皮肤溃疡大鼠模型EGF、PDGF及其受体表达的影响及创面愈合的机理。方法：60只大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、湿润烧伤膏组和全蝎软膏组,每组15只。建立糖尿病皮肤溃疡大鼠模型,干预后7天及14天,观察并比较大鼠创面愈合率和血清中表皮生长因子(epidenllal giiilllh factor, EGF)、血小板衍生生长因子(platelet -derived growth factor, PDGF)及其受体水平。结果：全蝎软膏组、湿润烧伤膏组与模型组7 d、14 d同时间点比较创面愈合率,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或 P＜0.01);全蝎软膏组、湿润烧伤膏组7 d、14 d同时间点比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。免疫组化结果显示,EGF的表达水平,全蝎软膏组、湿润烧伤膏组与模型组比较,7 d差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);14 d差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。EGFR 的表达水平,全蝎软膏组与湿润烧伤膏组、模型组、空白组7 d、14 d同时间点比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。PDGFB的表达水平,全蝎软膏组、湿润烧伤膏组与模型组7 d、14 d同时间点比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。PDGFRB的表达水平,7 d全蝎软膏组与湿润烧伤膏组、模型组、空白组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);14 d全蝎软膏组、湿润烧伤膏组与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。结论：全蝎软膏可影响糖尿病皮肤溃疡大鼠模型EGF、PDGF及其受体的表达,促进糖尿病创面愈合。     

红光促进难治性创面愈合的研究

目的:探讨红光照射对难治性创面的创缘组织中血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达及治疗难治性创面的临床效果。方法:收集2008年6月-2010年12月因难治性创面入住笔者单位治疗的40例患者,按治疗方法分为红光照射治疗组20例和常规治疗组20例。常规治疗组患者创面以0.5%碘伏与水胶体敷料换药。治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用红光照射。于治疗后第7天、14天、21天切取创缘组织,研究红光照射对创缘组织中VEGF的影响,并比较两组患者的创面愈合率和愈合时间。结果:临床实验中,治疗组创缘组织中的VEGF含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01);治疗组创面愈合率明显高于对照组(P<0.01);治疗组的愈合时间低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:红光照射能显著提高创缘组织中VEGF含量,减少创面愈合时间,促进愈合。     

缺氧诱导因子1α、血管内皮生长因子和成纤维细胞生长因子在胰腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：研究胰腺癌组织中缺氧诱导因子1alpha（Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha,HIF-1α）、血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）和成纤维细胞生长因子（fibroblast growth factor,FGF）的表达并探讨其意义。方法：Western blot法检测22例胰腺癌及癌旁组织中HIF-1α、VEGF和FGF蛋白的表达,分析HIF-1α与VEGF、FGF之间的相关性以及与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移和TNM分期之间的关系。结果：HIF-1α、VEGF和FGF在胰腺癌组织中的蛋白表达水平明显高于胰腺癌周组织（P〈0.01）,HIF-1α与VEGF、FGF之间的表达具有显著相关性（P〈0.01）。HIF-1α的表达与胰腺癌的TNM分期、肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.01）,VEGF和FGF的表达与胰腺癌的肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.05）。结论：HIF-1α可以上调VEGF和FGF的表达,在胰腺癌的发生、发展中起着重要作用。     

在烫伤条件下VEGF对大鼠皮肤eNOS基因表达的影响

目的:探讨大鼠烫伤愈合过程中VEGF对皮肤组织eNOS基因表达的影响。方法:采用了大鼠深II度烫伤模型,分别以VEGF和阿西替尼(VEGF抑制剂)干预,观察大鼠烫伤后愈合过程的组织学变化,PCR检测创面eNOS基因的表达。结果:肉眼观察VEGF组大鼠创面最早愈合,对照组大鼠愈合速度其次,阿西替尼组创面愈合最晚;HE染色结果显示伤后第2、8、21天VEGF组炎性细胞浸润程度、新生毛细血管数量均高于对照组和阿西替尼组,PCR结果显示烫伤后第2、8天VEGF组的eNOS基因的表达明显上调,且同时间点与对照组比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:VEGF可诱导烫伤创面eNOS基因的表达,增加血管生成重要因子NO的生成,有利于创面愈合。     

红光促进难治性创面愈合的研究

目的：探讨红光照射对难治性创面的创缘组织中血管内皮细胞生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）的表达及治疗难治性创面的临床效果。方法：收集2008年6月-2010年12月因难治性创面入住笔者单位治疗的40例患者,按治疗方法分为红光照射治疗组20例和常规治疗组20例。常规治疗组患者创面以0.5%碘伏与水胶体敷料换药。治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用红光照射。于治疗后第7天、14天、21天切取创缘组织,研究红光照射对创缘组织中VEGF的影响,并比较两组患者的创面愈合率和愈合时间。结果：临床实验中,治疗组创缘组织中的VEGF含量明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗组创面愈合率明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗组的愈合时间低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：红光照射能显著提高创缘组织中VEGF含量,减少创面愈合时间,促进愈合。     

表皮生长因子家族及其在海胆中的研究进展

表皮生长因子家族(Epidermal growth factor family)是一组具有与表皮生长因子(Epidermal Growth Factor,EGF)较高同源结构及相似生物学功能的糖蛋白,均为EGF受体的配体,具有调节胚胎细胞生长和分化以及与移动的细胞外基质蛋白相互作用等特点.综述了海胆EGF家族成员的基本生物学特性及其EGF相关蛋白家族的研究进展.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。     

2018年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2018年中国植物科学继续呈现快速发展的态势, 我国科学家在国际植物科学主流学术刊物发表论文数量大幅增加, 取得了多项具有重要影响的成果。调控植物生长-代谢平衡实现可持续农业发展入选2018年度中国科学十大进展; 中国被子植物区系进化历史研究入选2018年度中国生命科学十大进展。以水稻为代表的农作物和果蔬等经济作物研究在国际上已呈现出明显的优势, 若干领域已从“追赶”状态跨越到“领跑”地位。该文对2018年中国科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和热点, 展示中国科学家所取得的杰出成就。     

2017年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2017年中国植物科学继续保持高速发展态势, 重大成果频出, 具体表现在中国植物学家在国际顶级学术期刊发表的文章数量平稳上升。中国植物科学领域的研究工作者成果精彩纷呈, 如新型广谱抗病机制的发现、水稻广谱抗病遗传基础及机制和疫霉菌诱发病害成灾机制研究等。2017年中国生命科学领域十大进展评选中, 有两项植物科学领域的研究成果入选。水稻生物学、进化与基因组学和激素生物学等领域学科发展突出。另外, 值得一提的是, 长期从事高等植物与代谢途径调控分子网络研究和水稻品种设计育种的李家洋院士的研究成果“水稻高产优质性状形成的分子机理及品种设计”荣获2017年国家自然科学一等奖。这一具有重大国际影响的开创性贡献标志着中国植物科学在该领域的国际科学前沿居于引领和卓越地位。该文对2017年中国本土科学家在植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究成果进行了系统梳理, 旨在全面追踪和报道当前中国植物科学领域发展的最新前沿动态, 与广大读者共同分享我国科学家所取得的辉煌成就。     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望.     

Morphine-potentiated platelet aggregation in in vitro and platelet plug formation in in vivo experiments

The detailed mechanisms underlying morphine-signaling pathways in platelets remain obscure. Therefore, we systematically examined the influence of morphine on washed human platelets. In this study, washed human platelet suspensions were used for in vitro studies. Furthermore, platelet thrombus formation induced by irradiation of mesenteric venules with filtered light in mice pretreated with fluorescein sodium was used for an in vivo thrombotic study. Morphine concentration dependently (0.6, 1, and 5 microM) potentiated platelet aggregation and the ATP release reaction stimulated by agonists (i.e., collagen and U46619) in washed human platelets. Yohimbine (0.1 microM), a specific alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, markedly abolished the potentiation of morphine in platelet aggregation stimulated by agonists. Morphine also potentiated phosphoinositide breakdown and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in human platelets stimulated by collagen (1 microg/ml). Moreover, morphine (0.6-5 microM) markedly inhibited prostaglandin E(1) (10 microM)-induced cyclic AMP formation in human platelets, while yohimbine (0.1 microM) significantly reversed the inhibition of cyclic AMP by morphine (0.6 and 1 microM) in this study. The thrombin-evoked increase in pH(i) was markedly potentiated in the presence of morphine (1 and 5 microM). Morphine (2 and 5 mg/g) significantly shortened the time require to induce platelet plug formation in mesenteric venules. We concluded that morphine may exert its potentiation in platelet aggregation by binding to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in human platelets, with a resulting inhibition of adenylate cyclase, thereby reducing intracellular cyclic AMP formation followed by increased activation of phospholipase C and the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger. This leads to increased intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and finally potentiation of platelet aggregation and of the ATP release reaction.     

Changes in aquatic vegetation in Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace in relation to disturbance

Abstract. Changes are described in aquatic vegetation in oligotrophic, groundwater-fed Rhine floodplain streams in Alsace (eastern France), resulting from disturbance. Disturbance factors include changes in nutrients, either permanent ones - effluent from a waste water treatment plant or trout hatcheries - or periodic ones: flooding. Regular inputs of high levels of phosphate and ammonia modified the macrophyte vegetation in these streams. The floristic composition, which was characteristic of oligotrophic waters upstream of the eutrophicated sector, changed to that of a eutrophic situation as originally found downstream. Periodic disturbance by floods which normally occur once a year, irregularly eutrophicates the small streams, causing the development of a mixture of eutrophic and oligotrophic species. Six macrophyte communities are distinguished, indicating different trophic levels. The aquatic vegetation is adapted to the variations of phosphate and ammonia levels. Hence, aquatic macrophytes can be used as bio-indicators of fluctuations in water nutrient levels in relation to the type of disturbance.     

Progress in glial cell studies in some laboratories in China

Glial cells in the central nervous system(CNS) consist of a heterogeneous population of cell types,each characterized by distinct morphological features,physiological properties,and specific markers.In contrast to the previous view that glial cells were passive elements in the brain,accumulating evidence suggests that glial cells are active participants in various brain functions and brain disorders.This review summarizes recent progress of glial cell studies from several groups in China,ranging from studie...