计算机辅助软组织预测技术在正颌外科手术中的应用

目的:探讨计算机辅助软组织预测技术在正颌外科手术计划中的应用,构建虚拟手术仿真平台.方法:随机选择1例下颌骨前突伴颏部后缩畸形的患者,术前行头部螺旋CT扫描,获得的容积数据信息以DICOM格式导入Mimics软件进行三维重建,获到颅骨及软组织的三维数字化模型.在此虚拟模型的基础上,模拟骨组织的切割、旋转和平移等手术操作,并预测相应手术的术后软组织变化.结果:应用该颅颌面三维数字化模型,模拟LeFort Ⅰ型截骨术、双侧下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术(BSSRO)和水平截骨颏成型术.通过上颌骨前移、下颌骨后缩获得理想咬合关系,应用前移与后退的不同数据模拟手术过程,预测术后颌面软组织的改变效果,设计最佳手术方案.结论:计算机辅助软组织预测技术能够快速整合多种医学影像数据信息,直观模拟手术设计与术后效果,为正颌外科矫治牙颌面畸形制定个体化最佳手术方案提供了实用有效的技术和依据.     

新生儿唇腭裂术前矫治方法与技术的临床探讨

目的:评价新生儿唇腭裂术前进行鼻-牙槽突-腭畸形矫治方法的疗效。方法:对28例单双侧唇腭裂新生儿进行术前鼻-牙槽突-腭畸形矫治治疗,在面部确定基点,利用数码相机拍射照片,通过image-Pro Plus5.1软件测量相关距离及角度,测量治疗前后的鼻小柱倾斜度、鼻小柱长度、鼻孔宽度和鼻孔高度。治疗前后取上颌石膏模型进行牙槽骨裂隙宽度的测量,比较矫治治疗前后腭部裂隙最大处及牙槽突裂隙的变化。结果:鼻小柱倾斜度平均减小27.11°,鼻孔宽度平均减小4.39 mm(单)或5.29 mm(双),鼻孔高度平均增加2.56 mm(单)或3.57 mm(双),牙槽突裂隙平均减少3.18 mm,腭部裂隙最大处平均减少5.77 mm。治疗前后的各项差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),鼻塌陷畸形程度也得到显著改善。结论:术前进行鼻-牙槽突-腭畸形矫治治疗可为唇腭裂患者手术治疗创造有利条件,提高其整复效果。     

一种建立下颌骨发育性偏颌畸形动物模型的新方法

目的:对小型猪下颌骨升支部植入自行设计的钛板,通过机械力限制下颌骨生长,建立一种无髁状突直接损伤或破坏的发育性偏颌畸形的动物模型,为研究发育性偏颌畸形提供一种可靠的动物建模方法.方法:4月龄贵州小型猪(8只)单侧下颌骨升支后缘植入并螺钉固定末端卷曲的T形钛板,对侧假手术作为对照.术后24周处死动物,进行下颌骨大体形态观察、咬合关系观察下颌骨组织学检查.结果:大体观察显示小型猪下颌骨发生向植入侧的偏斜,牙列发生代偿性倾斜.组织学检查显示,植入侧后缘成骨活性低,骨质致密,未见明显成骨活动.对照侧成骨活跃,骨小梁结构疏松,有明显的成骨活动存在.结论:通过植入钛板影响下颌骨生长发育的方法,能够有效建立小型猪发育性偏颌畸形的动物模型.可能主要是机械力的作用直接导致骨骼大小与形态的改变;肌力等局部环境改变的变化、手术所造成的创伤与瘢痕也可能参与了这一过程.该方法成功率较高,为发育性偏颌畸形的发生、发展以及对骨性偏颌畸形的治疗策略的研究提供了一种可靠而有效的建立动物模型方法.     

89例正颌外科手术患者围手术期的护理

目的:探讨正颌外科患者术前术后的最佳护理措施。方法:回顾性分析了89例正颌外科患者术前术后护理的过程。在这个护理过程中部分病例采取了实用护理学,护理心理学或护理诊断学技术。注重术后口腔卫生,保持术后呼吸道通畅并采取术区冷敷的方法以减轻肿胀,强调了心理护理在正颌手术患者中应用的重要性。结果:全部89例经过正颌外科手术的患者在应用了此护理方法后,术后均恢复良好,无一例患者因为护理出现不良症状影响手术效果。结论:综合应用实用护理学,护理心理学,护理诊断学在正颌外科患者的治疗和康复过程中具有关键的作用。     

骨性Ⅲ类错合畸形患者正颌术后呼吸道情况随访调查

目的：通过评估骨性Ⅲ错合畸形患者正颌手术后睡眠时期的呼吸功能情况,研究该类患者正颌手术后存在呼吸道梗阻的可能性。为临床治疗提供依据。方法：分析56例接受正颌手术的骨性Ⅲ类错合畸形患者的术前及术后1周、1月、3月和术后6月的多导睡眠图报告。设计问卷调查表评估手术影响日间嗜睡度的变化。从PSG报告上获得的术前术后有代表性的2项参数睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数与最低氧饱和度分别进行比较。结果：数据显示术前和术后AHI指数及SpO2无显著性差异（统计学上无差异）。54例病人术后均未出现睡眠呼吸障碍症状。2例病人术后出现睡眠时期打鼾,但术后随访6月后打鼾逐渐消失。结论：骨性Ⅲ类错合畸形患者正颌术后无明显呼吸道梗阻症状。但若患者同时具有超重、短颈、舌体大等其他危险因素及仅行下颌骨后退手术可能导致睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症的发生。     

经咬肌颌后路治疗髁突中低位骨折的疗效分析

目的:研究观察经咬肌颌后路对髁突中低位骨折的临床疗效分析.方法:将我院从2008年1月至2012年1月收治的200例髁突中低位骨折患者按随机数表法均分为实验组100例(采用经咬肌颌后路进行治疗),对照组100例(采用耳颞部入路治疗).随访跟踪1年,观察统计骨折恢复情况和治疗疗效及并发症.结果:实验组手术时间、住院时间、术后并发症发生率均低于对照组,组间差异在住院时间和术后并发症上有统计学差异(P＜0.05);实验组总有效率达90.0％,对照组为74.0％,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);实验组复诊率为19.4％,低于对照组26.1％,满意度78.5％,高于对照组66.3％,后遗症发生少于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:经咬肌颌后路能有效治疗髁突中低位骨折,疗效值得肯定.     

骨性Ⅲ类错合畸形患者正颌术后呼吸道情况随访调查*

摘要目的：通过评估骨性Ⅲ错合畸形患者正颌手术后睡眠时期的呼吸功能情况,研究该类患者正颌手术后存在呼吸道梗阻的可 能性。为临床治疗提供依据。方法：分析56例接受正颌手术的骨性Ⅲ类错合畸形患者的术前及术后1周、1 月、3 月和术后6月的 多导睡眠图报告。设计问卷调查表评估手术影响日间嗜睡度的变化。从PSG 报告上获得的术前术后有代表性的2 项参数睡眠呼 吸暂停低通气指数与最低氧饱和度分别进行比较。结果：数据显示术前和术后AHI指数及SpO2无显著性差异（统计学上无差 异）。54 例病人术后均未出现睡眠呼吸障碍症状。2 例病人术后出现睡眠时期打鼾,但术后随访6月后打鼾逐渐消失。结论：骨性 Ⅲ类错合畸形患者正颌术后无明显呼吸道梗阻症状。但若患者同时具有超重、短颈、舌体大等其他危险因素及仅行下颌骨后退手 术可能导致睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症的发生。     

口腔矫正器对错颌畸形患者口腔微生态环境的影响

目的:探讨口腔矫正器对错颌畸形患者口腔微生态环境的影响。方法:选取在我院口腔科进行口腔矫正器治疗的错颌畸形患者48例,分别在矫正治疗前、治疗后1个月、3个月、6个月对其口腔微生物进行培养,观察比较错颌畸形患者在矫正治疗前后口腔微生态环境的变化。结果:1矫正治疗后1个月口腔变形链球菌、乳酸杆菌的检出率分别为16.7%、9.3%,均高于矫正治疗前,且变形链球菌在矫正治疗前后的检出率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。矫正治疗后3个月、6个月口腔变形链球菌、乳酸杆菌的检出率均较矫正前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。2矫正治疗后1个月牙龈卟啉单胞菌、伴放线杆菌、核酸杆菌的检出率分别为14.8%、13.0%和11.1%,均高于矫正治疗,且牙龈卟啉单胞菌、伴放线杆菌在矫正治疗前后的检出率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。矫正治疗后3个月、6个月牙龈卟啉单胞菌、伴放线杆菌、核酸杆菌的检出率均比矫正前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:矫正器的放置破坏口腔微生态环境的平衡,影响牙齿、牙周的健康,应引起临床重视,及早做好预防及干预治疗。     

固定矫正器矫正治疗错颌畸形对口腔微生态环境的影响

目的探讨固定矫正器矫正治疗错颌畸形对口腔微生态环境的影响。方法选择51例在口腔科采用固定矫正器进行矫正的错颌畸形患者,分别在矫正前后对口腔微生物进行培养,观察并比较矫正前后口腔微生态环境的变化情况。结果矫正治疗后1个月口腔牙龈卟啉单胞菌、伴放线杆菌、产黑色素类杆菌的检出率较矫正前升高(P均0.05),而口腔核酸杆菌、衣氏放线菌的检出率与矫正前比较差异无统计学意义(P均0.05),矫正后2个月、4个月、6个月口腔牙龈卟啉单胞菌、伴放线杆菌、核酸杆菌、产黑色素类杆菌及衣氏放线菌的检出率均高于矫正前(P0.05或P0.01)。结论采用固定矫正器矫正治疗错颌畸形会造成口腔微生态的改变,破坏口腔内环境的平衡,容易引起口腔疾病的发生,应早期进行预防及干预治疗。     

L4-5单节段TLIF单侧或者双侧小关节突切除术后临床疗效及影像学参数的分析

目的:分析L4-5单节段TLIF单侧或者双侧小关节突切除术后患者临床疗效和影像学参数的改变。方法:收集2009年1月份到2012年12月份于我院行L4-5单节段TLIF融合手术且随访时间大于24个月的患者。根据小关节切除的情况分为单侧切除组(单侧组)和双侧切除组(双侧组),分别有42例和34例患者。两组患者分别在术前和随访时测量如下影像学参数:骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)、腰椎前凸角(LL)和节段前凸角(SL),比较术前和随访时的变化。通过术前和随访时视觉模拟评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估两组患者临床疗效。结果:患者平均随访时间为36.5±13.5个月。两组患者手术时间没有统计学差异(P=0.110),双侧组术中出血量(311±89.3 mL)大于单侧组(263±69.7 mL)(P0.05),术中并发症没有统计学差异(P=0.685)。两组患者随访时LL和SL均大于术前,PT小于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。PI均没有明显变化。双侧组术后PT小于单侧组(P0.001)。两组患者随访时△LL、△SL、△PI和△SS均没有差异(P0.05),但是双侧组△PT大于单侧组(P0.001)。两组患者随访时VAS和ODI均较术前明显减小(P0.05)。双侧组随访时VAS和ODI均小于单侧组(P0.05)。结论:双侧小关节切除并不能比单侧切除提高更多LL和SL,但是比单侧小关节切除临床疗效好。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.