髁突-翼外肌解剖复位与游离复位治疗髁状突骨折的疗效比较

目的:比较髁突-翼外肌解剖复位与游离复位治疗髁状突骨折的疗效,促进髁突形态恢复。方法:收治的80例单侧髁状突骨折患者随机分为两组,每组40例,A组行髁突-翼外肌解剖复位术,B组行髁状突游离复位术,术后3个月、6个月观察髁突形态及下颌骨运动功能变化。结果:A组治愈率为90%,高于B组的70.00%(P0.05);术后3个月A组髁状突吸收、张口受限、开口偏斜、咬合关系紊乱、关节弹响发生率分别为12.50%、15.00%、15.00%、7.50%、12.50%,均低于B组的32.50%、35.00%、37.50%、25.00%、35.00%(P0.05);术后6个月A组张口受限、关节弹响发生率为5.00%、2.50%,均低于B组的20.00%、20.00%(P0.05);两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:髁突-翼外肌解剖复位术保留髁状突骨折患者骨折断端血运,髁突形态及下颌骨运动能力恢复良好,疗效优于髁状突游离复位术。     

经皮钢板内固定术治疗肱骨骨折的临床应用研究

目的:观察经皮钢板内固定术对肱骨骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取2005年1月至2013年12月我院骨科收治的肱骨骨折患者172例,随机分为两组,其中对照组86例,予传统切开复位钢板内固定治疗;实验组86例,采用经皮钢板内固定术治疗。治疗结束后,对比两组患者手术时间、出血量、骨折临床愈合时间、术后并发症及临床疗效。结果:实验组手术时间、骨折临床愈合时间及出血量明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组术后并发症明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组治疗结束后比较临床疗效,实验组临床疗效明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经皮钢板内固定术能够明显改善肱骨骨折术后并发症,提高肱骨骨折特别是粉碎性骨折的临床疗效,对临床具有指导意义,值得临床推广。     

颈椎后路复位CPSS内固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的临床效果分析

目的:探讨单纯颈椎后路复位CPSS内固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的临床效果。方法:选择2010年1月~2014年10月在我院接受治疗的下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁患者95例,根据手术方法不同分为研究组与对照组。研究组采用单纯颈椎后路复位CPSS内固定治疗,而对照组采用单纯颈椎前路复位CPSS内固定治疗。观察并比较两组患者的手术效果及神经功能分级(ASIA)。结果:两组术前ASIA分级B、C、D的患者治疗后神经功能恢复较佳,A级患者治疗后仍为A级,但较术前明显改善。两组患者治疗前的ASAI等级在治疗后均有改善,研究组改善程度更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组均未出现断钉或螺钉松动等并发症(P0.05);两组患者治疗后椎间隙显著增宽,且后路组优于前路组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与术前比较,两组术后颈椎后凸畸形Cobb角均明显改善(P0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:单纯颈椎后路复位CPSS内固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的临床效果显著,患者神经功能得到明显改善,且术后并发症少,值得推广应用。     

微创PCCP与传统动力髋螺钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折疗效比较

目的:比较微创PCCP与传统动力髋螺钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效.方法:回顾性分析我院2010年1-2011年6月收治的老年股骨转子间骨折患者36例,根据治疗方法不同分为微创PCCP和传统动力髋螺钉组,比较两组的治疗效果.结果:两组切口长度(t=12.824,P＜0.05)、出血量(t=9.342,P＜0.05)、手术时间(t=6.209,P＜0.05)和住院时间(t=7.923,P＜0.05)比较,差异有统计学意义.两组髋关节Harris评分(t=1.038,P＞0.05)与并发症发生率(X2=0.929,P＞0.05)比较,差异无统计学意义.两组疗效进行比较,X2=4.213,P＜0.05,两组手术效果差异有统计学意义.结论:微创PCCP较传统动力髋螺钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效更优,适合临床应用.     

肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折的疗效分析

目的:观察肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效.方法:肱骨近端骨折82例,随机分为两组.治疗组(n=41)用肱骨近端锁定钢板内固定,对照组(n=41)用三叶草钢板内固定.随访6-36个月,平均(18.6-± 2.3)月,观察治疗后骨折愈合情况、肩关节功能恢复情况,记录骨折愈合时间、患肩活动度.采用Neer评分法评定疗效.观察手术并发症及安全性.结果:治疗组满意率87.81％,对照组满意率70.73％.两组满意率相比较,差异有统计学意义(X2=3.976,P＜0.05).治疗组治疗后外展和外旋活动度与对照组同期相应指标比较;差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组并发症的发生率相比较,差异有显著意义(X2=4.895,P＜0.05).结论:肱骨近端锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端粉碎性骨折疗效肯定,安全性好.     

内镜黏膜切除术治疗低位直肠侧向发育型肿瘤随机对照研究

目的:探讨内镜黏膜切除术治疗低位直肠侧向发育型肿瘤的临床效果。方法:收集我院收治的低位直肠侧向发育型肿瘤患者40例,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组各20例,对照组患者给予常规内镜下粘膜切除术,实验组患者给予内镜反转黏膜切除术,治疗结束后,对所有患者的病变残留例数、手术时间以及住院时间、并发症发生情况、手术切除效果进行检测并比较。结果:与对照组患者相比,实验组患者复发率较低(P0.05),手术时间以及住院时间、并发症发生率较低(P0.05);两组患者切除效果相比较,实验组分次切除、肿瘤残留例数患者较少,完全切除患者例数较多(P0.05),两组患者的整块切除例数无差异(P0.05)。结论:内镜反转黏膜切除术对于低位直肠侧向发育型肿瘤患者的临床疗效优于常规内镜下粘膜切除术,对临床有指导意义。     

经皮锁定钢板内固定治疗胫骨骨折的疗效及对患者血清IGF-1，TGF-β1及BGP水平的影响

目的:探讨经皮锁定钢板内固定术对胫骨骨折的治疗效果及对患者术后功能的影响。方法:90例胫骨骨折患者参照抽签法分作对照组(n=45)和实验组(n=45),对照组采用切开复位解剖钢板内固定治疗,实验组采用经皮锁定钢板内固定术治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清胰岛素样生长因子-l(IGF-1)转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、骨钙素(BGP)水平,切口长度、术中失血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、临床疗效及并发症的发生率。结果:治疗后,实验组胰岛素样生长因子-l(IGF-1)转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、骨钙素(BGP)高于对照组,差异具有统计学差异(P0.05)。实验组切口长度、术中失血量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组优良率、康复率高于对照组,术后并发症发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:经皮锁定钢板内固定对胫骨骨折的治疗效果确切,可促进术后功能恢复。     

西替利嗪联合卡介菌多糖核酸对儿童过敏性紫癜的临床疗效分析

目的:观察分析西替利嗪联合卡介菌多糖核酸对儿童过敏性紫癜的临床疗效.方法:将我院从2010年1月至2011年10月我院收治的144例儿童过敏性紫癜患者随机平均分为对照组72例,应用以西替利嗪为主的常规治疗,实验组72例在对照组基础上加用卡介菌多糖核酸,治疗持续3周.检测对比治疗前后患者抗体水平,并统计计算治疗有效率;随访6个月,统计复发情况.结果:两组治疗前后血清T细胞和抗体、补体水平变化结果显示,治疗前组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗后,实验组CD3、CD4和CD16+56上升程度大于对照组,CD8、CD19、IgA和C3、C4下降程度大于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照组复发率为11.8％(8/68),治疗满意度为85.3％;实验组复发率为5.7％(4/70),治疗满意度为92.9％,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照组痊愈32例,显效25例,好转7例,无效4例,治疗有效率为83.8％;实验组痊愈39例,显效27例,好转3例,无效1例,治疗有效率94.3％,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:西替利嗪联合卡介菌多糖核酸能有效治疗儿童过敏性紫癜,安全高效,值得推广应用.     

人工关节置换治疗老年转子间骨折的临床研究

目的:探讨人工关节置换术治疗老年转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取我院2009年11月至2014年11月收诊的70例老年转子间骨折患者,随机分为对照组与研究组。对照组采用动力髋螺钉内固定,研究组采用人工关节置换术。比较两组手术时间、出血量、术后卧床时间及术后并发症情况。术后随访一年,采用Harris关节功能评分评价关节恢复情况。结果:研究组卧床时间、并发症发生率均低于对照组,两组组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术前两组Harris关节功能评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后3月、6月、9月、12月,研究组Harris关节功能评分均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者手术时间、出血量、术后引流无明显差异(P0.05);研究组下地完全负重时间、住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:人工关节置换治疗老年人转子间骨折的方案可提高治疗效果,缩短卧床时间,减少并发症的发生,进一步提高了手术的成功率,有较大的优越性和可行性。     

采用载距突螺钉固定技术治疗膝关节内骨折的疗效分析

目的:探讨载距突螺钉固定术治疗膝关节内骨折的疗效。方法:选取我院骨科收治的膝关节内骨折的患者80例,根据患者骨折固定方法而分为实验组(40例)与对照组(40例)。实验组采用载距突螺钉固定技术进行治疗,对照组采用开口后观察骨折程度,并对关节周围平整性进行修复,如需固定可借助克氏针,部分可运用牵引手法等进行修复。两组患者术后均予以常规抗炎治疗。比较两组患者膝关节功能恢复情况、疗效及并发症情况。结果:与对照组相比,实验组总有效率较高,并发症发生率较低(P0.05);HSS评分比较,实验组HSS评分明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:载距突螺钉固定技术能够提高膝关节内骨折患者的临床疗效,降低并发症的发生率,改善膝关节的功能活动。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.