重组荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂通过下调己糖激酶Ⅱ抑制HepG2细胞生长

糖酵解过度活跃是肿瘤细胞能量代谢的显著特征。抑制过度糖酵解已经成为一种新的癌症疗法。重组荞麦胰蛋白酶抑制剂 (recombinant buckwheat trypsin inhibitor, rBTI)可以通过上调磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源基因 (PTEN) 进而抑制HepG2细胞增殖。有关rBTI对肿瘤细胞能量代谢的影响仍未见报道。本研究中的MTT和ATP检测分析表明,rBTI以剂量依赖性方式抑制细胞活力及胞内ATP含量。qRT-PCR和Western印迹分析表明,rBTI处理HepG2细胞后,己糖激酶Ⅱ转录显著下调,但是糖酵解过程中的其他酶及葡萄糖转运蛋白基因在转录水平未发生显著变化,同时己糖激酶Ⅱ蛋白水平的表达也显著下调。酶活性分析也表明,rBTI能显著降低己糖激酶的活性。进一步分析表明, rBTI使细胞内PTEN转录及表达水平明显上调,己糖激酶Ⅱ转录和p-AKT,p-mTOR、己糖激酶Ⅱ的表达下调。当PTEN抑制剂phen存在时,可阻断rBTI诱导的己糖激酶 Ⅱ表达下降,表明rBTI能通过上调PTEN进而影响己糖激酶Ⅱ的表达。免疫荧光及Western印迹分析显示,rBTI作用后减弱了己糖激酶 Ⅱ在线粒体的定位,导致己糖激酶Ⅱ与线粒体电压依赖性阴离子通道蛋白 (voltage-dependent anion channel, VDAC) 分离,促使己糖激酶Ⅱ从线粒体转位到细胞质,降低糖酵解的效率。上述结果证明,rBTI对肿瘤细胞能量代谢的调控作用主要通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路,下调己糖激酶Ⅱ的表达并影响空间定位,进而抑制肿瘤细胞糖酵解过程,导致癌细胞生长受到抑制。     

重楼活性单体pp-10通过抑制PI3K/Akt通路诱导人胃癌细胞BGC-823凋亡和自噬

目的:探讨重楼/七叶一枝花(Paris polyphylla)的醇提物单体pp-10诱导人胃癌BGC-823细胞凋亡和自噬及其分子机制。方法:采用MTT法和克隆形成抑制实验观察不同浓度的重楼单体pp-10对人胃癌BGC-823细胞的增殖抑制作用;Hoechst33342染色法检测pp-10作用于人胃癌BGC-823细胞后细胞核形态的改变;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡;Western blotting检测重楼单体pp-10对细胞凋亡和自噬相关蛋白Caspase-3、Caspase-9、(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)、Bax、Bcl-2、LC3、P62以及PI3K/Akt信号通路相关蛋白(Akt、p-Akt、m TOR、p-m TOR、P70s6k、p-P70s6k)表达的影响。结果:重楼单体pp-10能显著抑制BGC-823细胞的生长,作用呈时间-效应关系及剂量-效应关系;克隆形成抑制实验表明随着pp-10浓度的增加,细胞克隆形成逐渐减少,与对照组相比有显著差异;在荧光显微镜下观察可见其细胞核固缩、边聚、裂解等细胞凋亡形态学变化;流式细胞术检测显示,随着作用药物浓度的增高,其凋亡率逐渐升高;Western blotting结果表明,随着药物浓度的增加,线粒体相关凋亡信号通路蛋白Caspase9、Caspase3及PARP均出现酶切活化条带,细胞促凋亡蛋白Bax的表达水平增加,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2减少,自噬相关蛋白Ⅱ型LC3增加,P62蛋白减少,p-Akt蛋白的表达水平下降,Akt下游蛋白p-m Tor、p-p70S6K表达减少。结论:重楼单体pp-10通过抑制BGC-823细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡和自噬,与下调P13K/Akt信号通路有关。     

荷叶碱抑制Akt/mTOR/4EBP1-糖酵解通路抗胆管癌细胞增殖作用研究

本研究基于网络药理学探究荷叶碱抑制人肝内胆管癌细胞HuCCT1增殖的分子机制。采用MTT比色法、克隆形成实验检测荷叶碱对HuCCT1细胞增殖的影响；采用比色法、分光光度法检测荷叶碱对糖酵解生化指标的影响；通过网络构建和富集分析预测荷叶碱作用于肝内胆管癌的潜在靶点及通路，以此为基础探究荷叶碱影响HuCCT1细胞增殖的可能机制。结果表明荷叶碱能抑制HuCCT1增殖，显著降低细胞葡萄糖消耗及乳酸生成，并呈时间和剂量依赖性；网络药理学分析显示荷叶碱主要通过PI3K/Akt、MAPK、HIF-1信号通路影响肝内胆管癌生长、运动；聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)结果显示(30、60、120μmol/L)荷叶碱能降低低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、己糖激酶2(HK2)和丙酮酸激酶2(PKM2)的mRNA水平和蛋白表达，同时下调p-Akt^Thr308、p-mTOR、p-4EBP1蛋白表达。综上，荷叶碱可能通过影响Akt/mTOR/4EBP1信号级联调控的糖酵解活性抑制HuCCT1细胞增殖。     

选择性环氧合酶-2抑制剂联合奥曲肽诱导人胃癌细胞的凋亡

目的探讨选择性环氧合酶-2抑制剂NS-398与奥曲肽联合应用对人胃癌细胞株BGC-823生长、凋亡的影响。方法体外培养BGC-823细胞,分别用NS-398(100μmol/L)与奥曲肽(1μmol/L)单独及联合处理不同时间后,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学变化;观察生长曲线的变化;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;实时定量(Real-time)PCR检测COX-2mRNA的表达;Western blot法检测Caspase-3蛋白表达。结果倒置显微镜下,对照组BGC-823细胞生长良好,药物处理后,细胞变小、变圆,悬浮,联合组细胞形态学改变显著强于单纯用药组;药物作用后,细胞生长受抑制,出现负增长,联合组作用明显强于单纯用药组;流式细胞仪检测表明联合用药组诱导BGC-823细胞的凋亡率明显高于单一用药组和对照组(P0.01);各处理组均使BGC-823细胞COX-2mRNA表达下调(P0.05);药物处理后细胞Caspase-3蛋白表达明显增加。结论 NS-398、奥曲肽联合可协同抑制BGC-823细胞生长、增殖,其机制可能与下调COX-2mRNA表达、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡相关。     

肿瘤有氧糖酵解的研究进展CSCD

代谢重编程是肿瘤细胞重要的标志特征。本文通过介绍恶性肿瘤细胞己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUT)等糖酵解过程中关键酶;PI3K/PKB、m TOR和AMPK等细胞信号转导途径;p53、c-myc和HIF-1等转录因子在肿瘤细胞有氧糖酵解中的研究进展,进而深入了解其在肿瘤诊断和治疗中具有的潜在价值。     

肿瘤有氧糖酵解的研究进展

代谢重编程是肿瘤细胞重要的标志特征。本文通过介绍恶性肿瘤细胞己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUT)等糖酵解过程中关键酶;PI3K/PKB、m TOR和AMPK等细胞信号转导途径;p53、c-myc和HIF-1等转录因子在肿瘤细胞有氧糖酵解中的研究进展,进而深入了解其在肿瘤诊断和治疗中具有的潜在价值。     

生半夏、南星水提物对人胃癌BGC823 细胞的侵袭力及 HIF-1αmRNA 蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察生半夏、南星中药水提物对缺氧环境中人胃癌细胞株BGC823细胞HIF-1α蛋白表达和侵袭力的影响。方法:运用CoCl(2氯化钴)诱导BCG823细胞缺氧,使得细胞中HIF-1α蛋白表达升高.实验组加入生半夏、南星水提物对细胞进行预处理,然后在进行缺氧诱导。通过甲基噻唑基四唑法(MTT)检测细胞活性,使用Transwell检测细胞侵袭能力变化,RT-PCR、Western blotting分别检测HIF-1α mRNA及蛋白含量及变化。结果:生半夏、南星水提物能抑制人胃癌BGC823细胞的增殖;生半夏、南星水提物均能抑制缺氧诱导胃癌细胞的侵袭力,并且能降低HIF-1α mRNA及蛋白表达。结论:生半夏、南星水提物可抑制人胃癌BGC823细胞的增殖,抑制人胃癌BGC823细胞侵袭力,可能通过降低HIF-1α蛋白表达有关。     

生半夏、南星水提物对人胃癌BGC823细胞的侵袭力及HIF-lαmRNA蛋白表达的影响

摘要目的：观察生半夏、南星中药水提物对缺氧环境中人胃癌细胞株BGC823细胞HIF-lα蛋白表达和侵袭力的影响。方法：运用CoCl2（氯化钴）诱导BCG823细胞缺氧,使得细胞中HIF-1α蛋白表达升高．实验组加入生半夏、南星水提物对细胞进行预处理,然后在进行缺氧诱导。通过甲基噻唑基四唑法（MTT）检测细胞活性,使用Transwell检测细胞侵袭能力变化,RT-PCR、Weste-rn blotting分别检测HIF-lαmRNA及蛋白含量及变化。结果：生半夏、南星水提物能抑制人胃癌BGC823细胞的增殖;生半夏、南星水提物均能抑制缺氧诱导胃癌细胞的侵袭力,并且能降低HIF-1αmRNA及蛋白表达。结论：生半夏、南星水提物可抑制人胃癌BGC823细胞的增殖,抑制人胃癌BGC823细胞侵袭力,可能通过降低HIF-1α蛋白表达有关。     

TGM2对胃癌细胞BGC-823增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响

目的:转谷氨酰胺酶-2(transglutaminase-2,TGM2)是一种多功能的蛋白,在乳腺癌,胰腺癌,黑色素瘤和前列腺癌等肿瘤中高表达,而且和肿瘤的增殖和转移密切相关。本研究旨在探索TGM2对胃癌细胞BGC-823的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的影响。方法:q RT-PCR、蛋白质印迹及免疫组化检测TGM2在胃癌细胞及组织中的表达情况;慢病毒转染胃癌细胞BGC-823以干扰TGM2的表达,荧光显微镜下观察转染效率,蛋白质印迹检测TGM2表达干扰效果;CCK-8法检测TGM2下调对BGC-823增殖能力的影响;Transwell法检测TGM2下调对BGC-823的迁移和侵袭能力影响;蛋白质印迹检测TGM2下调对转移和凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响。结果:TGM2在胃癌细胞和组织中均高表达,P0.01(q RT-PCR),P0.001(免疫组化);转染慢病毒后,荧光显微镜下观察结果显示转染效率超过90%,蛋白质印迹结果显示实验组sh TGM2-1的干扰效果最好,TGM2明显下调,差异具有统计学意义,P0.0001;CCK-8结果表明TGM2下调后,从细胞铺板第2d开始,实验组(sh TGM2-1)的细胞增殖倍数明显下降,P0.05(2d),P0.01(3d),P0.001(4d),P0.01(5d);Transwell结果显示,TGM2下调后,BGC-823的迁移和侵袭能力明显减弱,P0.001(迁移),P0.01(侵袭);蛋白质印迹结果显示,TGM2下调后,NF-κB和Bcl-2表达下调,而Bax表达上调,P0.05(NF-κB)、P0.001(Bcl-2)和P0.0001(Bax)。结论:TGM2下调能抑制胃癌细胞BGC-823的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,并和NF-κB、Bcl-2的下调以及和Bax的表达水平上调有关,为胃癌的临床治疗提供了新靶点。     

Akt/HIF-1α信号通路在二氧化硒诱导PC12细胞损伤中的作用

该文主要探讨Akt/HIF-1α(hypoxia inducible factor-1α)信号通路在二氧化硒(Se O2)诱导大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞损伤中的作用。将PC12细胞暴露于不同浓度的Se O2(40、80、160μmol/L)24 h以诱导细胞发生损伤。采用噻唑蓝还原法和乳酸脱氢酶漏出率检测法测定细胞损伤程度,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态的变化,用丙二醛(malonic dialdehyde,MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)试剂盒检测细胞内活性氧类活性氧类(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平,Hoechst 33342单荧光染色法观察细胞凋亡,免疫印迹法检测细胞HIF-1α、磷酸化Akt(phosphorylated Akt,p-Akt)、淋巴瘤/白血病-2(B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2,Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax)、PI3k、p53和Caspase-3(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3)的表达。结果显示,二氧化硒可呈剂量依赖性地诱导PC12细胞损伤,导致细胞内ROS增多和细胞凋亡,引起细胞皱缩,轴突变短。p-Akt、HIF-1α、p53、Caspase-3表达上调,Bax/Bcl-2表达比例显著增加。由此说明,二氧化硒诱导PC12细胞损伤,导致细胞凋亡,与其激活细胞Akt/HIF-1α信号通路,进而促进p53、Bax/Bcl-2、Caspase-3的表达及胞内ROS增加有关。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various