共表达HAC1和分子伴侣基因对甘露聚糖酶在毕赤酵母中表达的影响

为了提高甘露聚糖酶ManA在毕赤酵母中分泌表达的酶活,选择毕赤酵母内质网未折叠蛋白反应(Unfolded protein response,UPR)激活调控因子HAC1与5种毕赤酵母蛋白折叠相关的分子伴侣ERO1、PDI、PDI1、CPR5、BiP,通过构建pPICZA-HAC1等6种胞内表达重组质粒,分别电转化至分泌表达ManA的毕赤酵母重组菌中胞内共表达,并分析其重组菌摇瓶发酵时ManA表达的影响。结果发现在摇瓶发酵水平,胞内共表达HAC1、ERO1、PDI的重组菌发酵上清液中的ManA酶活力分别提高了26%、15%、20%,其重组菌发酵上清液的酶活力分别达到1 014 U/mL、925 U/mL、965 U/mL。通过对各重组菌上清液酶活力、胞内滞留酶活力、上清液蛋白浓度数据进行分析,进一步选择将HAC1、ERO1、PDI进行两基因或三基因组合,并分别在分泌表达ManA的重组菌胞内共表达,但各共表达重组菌发酵上清液的酶活力都没有进一步的提升。单独共表达HAC1或者分子伴侣ERO1、PDI可以辅助ManA的正确折叠,提高其蛋白表达。     

重组α-环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶表达条件的优化及其产物专一性的分析

将来源于Bacillus sp 602 -1的α-环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶(ot-CGT)基因(cgt)插入到表达载体PQE30中,构建重组质粒PQE30/cgt,成功转化宿主菌E coli M15后,得到重组菌株E coli M15 (PQE30/cgt).在IPTG的诱导下得到酶表达的最适条件:TB培养基,0.01 mmol/L IPTG,诱导温度16℃,胞内酶比活力最高可达5 209 U/mL;加入IPTG 24 h后,添加甘氨酸和甘露醇会促使酶向胞外分泌.酶蛋白自诱导表达的适宜条件为在TB培养基中添加乳糖3.0 g/L,葡萄糖1.2 g/L,16℃培养96 h,酶比活力达到8 635 U/mL,明显高于IPTG诱导的效果.通过SDSPAGE验证了上述结论.酶催化转化实验表明:重组酶转化质量分数为1％可溶淀粉24h后,α-环糊精(α-CD)转化率可达38.2％,α和β的峰面积比约为3.4:1,α-CD具有较高的专一性,因此该重组α-CGT酶具有较好的工业化应用前景.     

产青霉素酶枯草芽孢杆菌发酵条件的优化

目的:对一株产青霉素酶的重组枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis DB104/pWB-pemp)的摇瓶发酵条件进行优化.方法:利用单因素实验及正交实验等方法考查重组菌摇瓶发酵条件,研究不同浓度的碳源、氮源、金属离子、磷酸盐及不同pH、接种量、装液量和温度等条件对产青霉素酶的影响.结果:重组菌株摇瓶最适发酵条件为pH 7.0、接种量3％、装液量14％、发酵温度37℃,培养基成分为2％蔗糖、3.5％酵母膏、0.1mmol/L镁离子、0.4％磷酸盐.结论:最优条件下,发酵36h,产酶活力达到2227.8U/mL,为先前研究结果(1 580 U/mL)的1.41倍,为重组菌的大规模发酵生产奠定了基础.     

青霉素酶基因异源表达及该酶分解牛奶中残留青霉素的研究

以获得大量青霉素酶并将其用于分解牛奶中残留青霉素为目的, 通过PCR方法从蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC10987基因组中获得了青霉素酶基因, 将该基因克隆至表达载体pET28a(+)中, 并转化到E. coli BL21中; 在IPTG诱导下对目的蛋白进行SDS-PAGE和酶活分析, 结果显示最大酶活力可达到480.0 U/mL; 利用Ni2+亲合层析柱纯化目的蛋白, 纯化后的目的蛋白纯度超过90%; 采用高碘酸钠氧化法制备固定化的青霉素酶, 并利用该固定化酶将牛奶(含0.5 U青霉素G/mL)中的青霉素分解到浓度小于4 ppb程度。     

γ-谷氨酰基转肽酶（GGT）基因工程菌的构建及其发酵条件的初步研究

利用PCR技术以Bacillus subtilis SYU 20016基因组DNA为模板,扩增出1.8kb编码γ-谷氨酰基转肽酶的基因ggt,将其连接到温控表达载体pBV220,得到重组载体pBV220-ggt,重组载体在大肠杆菌JM109中得到表达。SDS-PAGE分析显示融合表达产物的分子量大小为65kD,同核酸序列测定所推导的值相符。对含有ggt的基因工程菌进行表达研究表明：发酵的培养温度为30℃,pH为7.2,装液量为20mL(在250mL的锥形瓶中)的条件下42℃诱导4h后,重组菌的γ-谷氨酰基转肽酶酶活力达到6U/mL,目前报道的非基因工程菌（枯草芽孢杆菌NX-2）酶活力最高仅为3.2U/mL。     

来源于软化芽孢杆菌的环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶在毕赤酵母和枯草杆菌中的表达

通过PCR扩增软化芽孢杆菌α-CGT酶基因,将基因片段分别克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K和大肠杆菌-枯草杆菌穿梭载体pMA5中,分别转化毕赤酵母KM71和枯草杆菌WB600。结果表明,重组毕赤酵母发酵上清液中α-CGT酶活性仅0.2U/mL,重组枯草杆菌产酶达到1.9U/mL。对重组枯草杆菌发酵条件进行了优化,当以TB为出发培养基,初始pH6.5,温度为37oC时,摇瓶培养24h后α-CGT酶环化活性达到4.5U/mL(水解活性为3200IU/mL),是野生菌株软化芽孢杆菌表达量的9.8倍。     

青霉素酶基因异源表达及该酶分解牛奶中残留青霉素的研究

以获得大量青霉素酶并将其用于分解牛奶中残留青霉素为目的,通过PCR方法从蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC10987基因组中获得了青霉素酶基因,将该基因克隆至表达载体pET28a( )中,并转化到E. coli BL21中;在IPTG诱导下对目的蛋白进行SDS-PAGE和酶活分析,结果显示最大酶活力可达到480.0 U/mL;利用Ni2 亲合层析柱纯化目的蛋白,纯化后的目的蛋白纯度超过90%;采用高碘酸钠氧化法制备固定化的青霉素酶,并利用该固定化酶将牛奶(含0.5 u青霉素G/mL)中的青霉素分解到浓度小于4 ppb程度.     

嗜热毛壳菌CT2纤维二糖水解酶Ⅰ在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

嗜热毛壳菌ChaetomiumthermophilumCT2可产生具有重要工业生产价值的纤维素酶类。RT-PCR扩增cbh1成熟蛋白的编码基因,利用基因重组的方法构建可在毕赤酵母分泌表达系统中表达纤维二糖水解酶的重组表达载体,并转化毕赤酵母得到重组子。在毕赤酵母醇氧化酶AOX1基因启动子的作用下,重组蛋白得到高效表达,小规模发酵量达1.42mg/mL。表达蛋白分泌到培养基中,分子量约80kD;以脱脂棉为底物测得酶活为21U/mL。表达蛋白在60℃稳定,70℃保温60分钟仍保持90%的酶活力,具有较高的热稳定性。     

用GAP启动子在Pichia pastoris GS115中组成型表达鼠灰链霉菌腺苷酸脱氨酶

【目的】构建产AMP脱氨酶的重组毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris GS115)菌株,并初步优化其发酵条件。【方法】以鼠灰链霉菌(Streptomyces murinus)基因组为模板PCR扩增获得腺苷酸脱氨酶基因AMPD,以pGAP9K为载体构建重组表达质粒pGAP9K-AMPD并通过电转化法转入Pichia pastoris GS115,筛选转化子对其酶活进行测定,并初步优化其发酵条件。【结果】构建了毕赤酵母重组菌,通过分光光度法测定,显示重组菌有明显的酶活;初步优化发酵条件为:该重组菌最适发酵培养基为:甘油2%,蛋白胨2%,酵母膏1%,KH2PO40.5%,MgSO4·7H2O0.05%,pH 6.0;发酵条件为:接种龄24 h,转接量3%,30°C﹑200 r/min培养96 h,取发酵上清液测定酶活,重组菌腺苷酸脱氨酶酶活达到2 230±60 U/mL。【结论】构建了一株产AMP脱氨酶活性较高的重组毕赤酵母菌株,并通过优化发酵条件使其酶活达到2 230±60 U/mL。为AMP脱氨酶工业化生产奠定了一定的基础。     

Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ATCC 33909麦芽寡糖基海藻糖合成酶在Bacillus subtilis中的重组表达和发酵优化

为实现Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ATCC 33909来源的麦芽寡糖基海藻糖合成酶(MTSase)基因tre Y在枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)中的重组表达,以质粒p ET-24a(+)-tre Y为模板PCR扩增得到目的基因,并与表达载体pHY300PLK连接,转入表达宿主Bacillus subtilis CCTCC M 2016536中,重组菌在TB培养基中培养48 h后MTSase酶活达到17.5 U/m L;在此基础上对重组菌发酵条件进行优化,通过单因素实验(氮源种类、氮源复配、氮源浓度、碳源种类、葡萄糖浓度、初始pH、诱导温度)和正交实验(氮源浓度、葡萄糖浓度、初始pH、诱导温度)确定其摇瓶发酵产酶的最适培养基和培养条件为:氮源(工业蛋白胨∶棉籽粉=3∶1)48.0 g/L、葡萄糖为10.0 g/L、培养基初始pH为7.0,最适培养温度为30℃;在此条件下,MTSase的酶活可达41.5 U/m L,是优化前的2.4倍。     

Cloning of the genes for penicillinase, penP and penI, of Bacillus licheniformis in some vector plasmids and their expression in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis.

By using plasmid pMB9, penicillinase genes (penP and penI) from both the wild-type and constitutive strains of Bacillus licheniformis 9945A were cloned in EScherichia coli. When a low-copy-number plasmid was used, both wild-type and constitutive penicillinase genes could be transferred into Bacillus subtilis. However, when a high-copy-number plasmid was used, only the genes of the wild type could be transferred. These recombinant plasmids in B. subtilis could all be transferred by the protoplast transformation procedure into B. licheniformis. Transformants of E. coli were resistant to ampicillin (20 micrograms/ml) in spite of the low penicillinase activities (7 U/mg of cells). However, transformants of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis were sensitive to ampicillin (20 micrograms/ml) even in high penicillinase activities (more than 10,000 U/mg of cells). The secretion of penicillinase was rarely observed in E. coli. In contrast, penicillinases secreted from transformants of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis were around 30 and 60% of the total activities, respectively. We took advantage of the plasmids to permit the construction of hetero- and mero-polyploid structures in host cells, and we discuss a regulatory mechanism of penicillinase synthesis in B. licheniformis.     

麦芽糖诱导软化芽孢杆菌α-环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶在枯草杆菌中的表达

通过PCR扩增软化芽孢杆菌α-环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶基因,将基因片段克隆到大肠杆菌-枯草杆菌穿梭载体pGJ103中,转化枯草杆菌WB600得基因工程菌进行外源表达。在1.5%的麦芽糖初始发酵培养基上摇瓶培养,48 h后重组枯草杆菌产酶活性为6.1U/ml。通过单因素分析和响应面分析对重组枯草杆菌产CGT酶摇瓶发酵条件进行优化。分析得到培养基关键组分麦芽糖,玉米淀粉和酵母粉三者最佳浓度分别为:15.5g/L,13g/L和20g/L。在此条件下,摇瓶培养36h后α-CGT酶活性为17.6U/ml,5L罐分批发酵30h后酶活达到20U/ml (水解活性为1.4×10⁴ IU/ml)。     

磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶基因的克隆及在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达

应用 PCR技术从 Escherichia coli K12 Sgal- (ExPASy P23830) 中扩增到大小为 1350bp编码磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶的 DNA片段,将其插入枯草芽孢杆菌诱导型表达载体 pBES,获得重组质粒 pBES-pss后转化 Bacillus subtilis DB104。经蔗糖诱导后,该磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶在 Bacillus subtilis DB104 (pBES-pss)中获得胞外分泌表达,SDS-PAGE分析发现目的蛋白分子量约为 52kDa,酶联比色法检测酶活力为 1.50U/mL,提高了磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶的表达产量,为工业化发酵生产磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶奠定了良好的基础。     

巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素酰化酶在枯草杆菌中的表达及其分离纯化

青霉素酰化酶（ＰＧＡ）在医药工业起着重要的作用,它能够水解青霉素Ｇ产生６－氨基青霉烷酸（６－ＡＰＡ）和苯乙酸,６－ＡＰＡ是半合成青霉素的关键中间体．该酶广泛存在于各种微生物中如真菌和细菌中．国际上对Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ、Ａｒｔｈｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｖｉｓｃｏｓｕ...     

重组青霉素G酰化酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达条件优化

 为获得巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素 G酰化酶 (PGA)的高产菌株和条件 ,构建了分泌表达 PGA的基因工程枯草杆菌菌株 ,对表达条件进行了优化 .以 LB作为初始培养基 ,考察了温度、苯乙酸、装液量、碳源对于工程菌 PGA产量的影响 .实验发现重组细胞产酶不再需要变温和苯乙酸诱导 .充足的通气量和适当浓度的淀粉可使细胞密度及 PGA表达量大为提高 .表达条件优化后 ,菌体 A60 0由 3提高到 2 0 ,PGA的表达量由 3～ 6U/ml提高到 35～ 40 U/ml,为目前生产用巨大芽孢杆菌表达量的 6倍 .     

Enhanced expression of an endoglucanase in Bacillus subtilis by using the sucrose-inducible sacB promoter and improved properties of the recombinant enzyme

An endoglucanase from Bacillus akibai I-1 was successfully overexpressed in Bacillus subtilis 168 and the expression level of the recombinant enzyme was greatly enhanced by using the sucrose-inducible sacB promoter. The endoglucanase activity in the culture supernatant of recombinant B. subtilis by using itself promoter (HpaII) in plasmid pMA5 was 3U/ml. Interestingly, with the addition of sacB promoter at downstream from the HpaII promoter or the replacement of HpaII promoter by the sacB promoter, the endoglucanase activities reached 62 and 60U/ml, respectively, under the optimal culture conditions. These results demonstrated that the sacB promoter might be more efficient for the expression of the endoglucanase than the HpaII promoter. More interestingly, the purified native enzyme had broad pH stability, good thermostability and resistibility to various metal ions and chelating agents examined, while the recombinant enzyme had improved resistibility to SDS, which was stable in 0.2% (w/v) laundry detergent and thus showed great potential in detergents industry.     

Cloning and strong expression of a Bacillus subtilis WL-3 mannanase gene in B. subtilis

A gene encoding the mannanase of Bacillus subtilis WL-3, which had been isolated from Korean soybean paste, was cloned into Escherichia coli and the nucleotide sequence of a 2.7-kb DNA fragment containing the mannanase gene was subsequently determined. The mannanase gene, designated manA, consisted of 1,080 nucleotides encoding polypeptide of 360 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence was highly homologous to those of mannanases belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 26. The manA gene was strongly expressed in B. subtilis 168 by cloning the gene downstream of a strong B. subtilis promoter of plasmid pJ27Delta 88U. In flask cultures, the production of mannanase by recombinant B. subtilis 168 reached maximum levels of 300 units/ml and 450 units/ml in LB medium and LB medium containing 0.3% locust bean gum, respectively. Based on the zymogram of the mannanase, it was found that the mannanase produced by recombinant B. subtilis could be maintained stably without proteolytic degradation during the culture time.