PF40 的亚细胞定位研究

pf40 基因是从谷子未成熟种子 cDNA 文库中获得的,与水稻、拟南芥的离子通道蛋白同源性很高 , 具有 8 个跨膜区 . 该基因转入烟草,可使烟草分枝增多,将其转入谷子,可使谷子分蘖增多 . 构建 pf40 与绿色荧光蛋白 gfp 的融合基因,转入烟草进行稳定表达,通过荧光显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜观察研究其亚细胞定位,发现荧光主要集中在内质网 . 将 pf40 不同缺失区段的 4 个片段与 gfp 构建融合基因,转入烟草进行稳定表达,发现 PF40 N 端 93 个氨基酸残基就能够使得 PF40 定位在内质网, C 端缺失没有影响蛋白质的亚细胞定位 .     

copine Ⅴ蛋白的亚细胞定位

目的:确定copineⅤ蛋白的亚细胞定位,初步研究该蛋白的生物学功能。方法:将copineⅤ编码区基因分别构建真核表达载体pEGFP-copineⅤ(或pRED-copineⅤ),转染HEK293、HeLa细胞,在激光共聚焦荧光显微镜下与转染空载体pEGFP-N1(或pRED-N1)的细胞比较观察。结果:经限制性内切酶分析鉴定,构建的重组表达载体正确。通过激光共聚焦荧光显微镜观察,转染了重组载体pEGFP-copineⅤ的细胞荧光信号集中分布于胞膜和内膜系统;进一步研究表明copineⅤ定位于内质网而非线粒体,而空载体则在整个细胞中均匀分布。结论:copineⅤ蛋白定位于细胞膜和内质网上,而不定位于线粒体。     

copine V蛋白的亚细胞定位

目的：确定copine V蛋白的亚细胞定位,初步研究该蛋白的生物学功能.方法：将copine V编码区基因分别构建真核表达载体pEGFP-copine V（或pRED-copine V）,转染HEK293、HeLa细胞,在激光共聚焦荧光显微镜下与转染空载体pEGFP-N1（或pRED-N1）的细胞比较观察.结果：经限制性内切酶分析鉴定,构建的重组表达载体正确.通过激光共聚焦荧光显微镜观察,转染了重组载体pEGFP-copine V的细胞荧光信号集中分布于胞膜和内膜系统;进一步研究表明copine V定位于内质网而非线粒体,而空载体则在整个细胞中均匀分布.结论：copine V蛋白定位于细胞膜和内质网上,而不定位于线粒体.     

基于农杆菌介导瞬时转化法的AtGLR1.4亚细胞定位分析

将拟南芥基因AtGLR1.4启动子驱动的AtGLR1.4基因与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因融合后,利用根瘤农杆菌介导瞬时转化法(Fast Agro-mediated Seedling Transfomation,FAST)浸染拟南芥幼苗,对其进行亚细胞定位的研究。转基因植株通过激光共聚焦扫描显微镜的观察,发现GFP绿色荧光在叶片表皮细胞的细胞膜上特异表达,表明At-GLR 1.4蛋白定位于细胞质膜上,为其后续的功能研究提供了线索。     

绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pXS75－GFP的构建及在嗜热四膜虫中的应用

为获得能够用于构建嗜热四膜虫蛋白定位的载体,该研究将GFP基因与镉（Cd2＋）诱导的四膜虫金属硫蛋白基因（MTTl）启动子序列和终止子序列融合,获得表达载体pXS75-GFP。通过同源重组和抗性筛选,pXS75-GFP载体携带的目的基因整合入四膜虫MTTl位点,在cd2＋诱导下实现GFP融合蛋白的可控表达。将α－tubulin基因ATUl克隆JN－pXS75－GFP中,重组质粒pXS75－GFP－ATUl通过基因枪转化入四膜虫细胞,在巴龙霉素筛选下获得稳定的α-tubulin－GFP过表达细胞株。激光共聚焦显微镜观察α－tubulin．GFP的定位,结果显示,α－tubulin—GFP融合蛋白在四膜虫细胞中表达并分布于皮层上,表明pXS75．GFP载体可用于嗜热四膜虫功能蛋白的定位分析。     

鸭梨PPO与GFP融合基因的烟草转化及亚细胞定位观察

将鸭梨PPO基因与绿色萤光蛋白GFP基因相融合共同进行遗传转化的方式,对鸭梨多酚氧化酶开展细胞定位研究。通过克隆该酶基因除终止密码子TAA外长度为1 779bp的CDS序列,与绿色荧光蛋白基因重组构建了荧光表达载体pBI121-PPO-GFP,借助农杆菌转化烟草,转基因烟草叶片细胞经激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察,绿色荧光蛋白荧光与叶绿体自发荧光相重合。结果表明鸭梨多酚氧化酶为叶绿体蛋白质。     

苜蓿银纹夜蛾多核衣壳核型多角体病毒AcMNPVP78／83蛋白初步研究

AcMNPV ORb-9编码病毒核衣壳蛋白P78／83,该蛋白在宿主细胞内以磷酸化和去磷酸化两种形式存在,能够与细胞骨架成分肌动蛋白相互作用,序列分析表明其具有与WASP蛋白类似的结构,推测可能在病毒粒子的包装、运输等过程中起重要作用。本文利用Bac—to-Bac系统构建了P78／83与绿色荧光蛋白融合表达的重组AcMNPV,激光共聚焦显微镜观察表明,重组病毒感染Sf21细胞12h后绿色荧光主要集中分布于细胞质中,24h及以后绿色荧光主要集中分布于细胞核中。感染试验表明,超表达P78／83对病毒的生长无明显的影响。     

GnRH及其转运肽基因真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的 构建GnRH/TRS与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的融合基因并表达.方法 利用DNA重组技术,将GnRH/TRS片段克隆至真核表达载体pEGFP-C1转化DH5 α,重组体质粒pEGFP-C1-GnRH/TRS用LipoGen脂质体进行转染至Hela细胞,核酸序列测定和Western印迹分析基因表达,激光共聚焦荧光显微镜观察活细胞内荧光布局.结果 重组子pEGFP-C1-GnRH/TR成功构建.激光共聚焦荧光显微镜观察结果表明,GnRH/TKS-GFP融合基因的瞬间和稳定表达均获得了相同结果.结论 GnRH/TRS-GFP融合蛋白具有GFP的自发荧光特性,且不影响GnRH/TRS分子在细胞内的正确表达.     

苜蓿银纹夜蛾多核衣壳核型多角体病毒AcMNPV P78/83蛋白初步研究

AcMNPV ORF9编码病毒核衣壳蛋白P78/83,该蛋白在宿主细胞内以磷酸化和去磷酸化两种形式存在,能够与细胞骨架成分肌动蛋白相互作用,序列分析表明其具有与WASP蛋白类似的结构,推测可能在病毒粒子的包装、运输等过程中起重要作用.本文利用Bac-to-Bac系统构建了P78/83与绿色荧光蛋白融合表达的重组AcMNPV,激光共聚焦显微镜观察表明,重组病毒感染Sf21细胞12h后绿色荧光主要集中分布于细胞质中,24h及以后绿色荧光主要集中分布于细胞核中.感染试验表明,超表达P78/83对病毒的生长无明显的影响.     

小鼠囊胚与黑色素瘤细胞共培养模型优化

采用基因转染的方法,将EGFP(增强型绿色荧光蛋白)基因导入B16黑色素瘤细胞中,筛选出稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白的EGFP-B16细胞株,利用RT-PCR法检测细胞中EGFP基因的mRNA表达,流式细胞仪分析荧光细胞阳性率。利用EGFP-B16细胞与C57BL/6小鼠囊胚共培养,在激光共聚焦荧光显微镜下观察,比在普通倒置显微镜下观察B16细胞与C57BL/6小鼠囊胚共培养的模型能更加直观的表达胚胎与肿瘤的相互作用关系。     

微流控芯片技术在循环肿瘤细胞分离中的研究进展

循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells,CTCs)是指从原发肿瘤或转移灶脱落、发生上皮-间质转化进入患者外周血血液循环的恶性肿瘤细胞.CTCs在肿瘤研究和临床诊断上的作用逐渐得到认可,外周血中CTCs存在与否以及数量多少不但可以用于肿瘤的早期诊断,还可以用于评估肿瘤预后、监测肿瘤的转移和复发.微流控芯片作为一个高通量、小型化的细胞实验平台,已被应用于CTCs的分选当中.本文综述了用于CTCs捕获的微流控芯片系统的最新研究进展,着重介绍各类芯片的捕获原理、芯片结构和捕获效率,最后对微流控芯片技术在CTCs分选中的应用前景进行了展望.     

Microfluidic device reads up to four consecutive base pairs in DNA sequencing-by-synthesis

We have developed the first fully integrated microfluidic system for DNA sequencing-by-synthesis. Using this chip and fluorescence detection, we have reliably sequenced up to 4 consecutive bps. The described sequencer can be integrated with other microfluidic components on the same chip to produce true lab-on-a-chip technology. The surface chemistry that was designed to anchor the DNA to elastomeric microchannels is useful in a broad range of studies and applications.     

Biochemical reactions on a microfluidic chip based on a precise fluidic handling method at the nanoliter scale

A passive microfluidic delivery system using hydrophobic valving and pneumatic control was devised for microfluidic handling on a chip. The microfluidic metering, cutting, transport, and merging of two liquids on the chip were correctly performed. The error range of the accuracy of microfluid metering was below 4% on a 20 nL scale, which showed that microfluid was easily manipulated with the desired volume on a chip. For a study of the feasibility of biochemical reactions on the chip, a single enzymatic reaction, such as a β-galactosidase reaction was performed. The detection limit of the substrate,i.e. fluorescein di-β-galactopyranoside (FDG) of the β-galactosidase (6.7 fM), was about 76 pM. Additionally, multiple biochemical reactions such asin vitro protein synthesis of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) were successfully demonstrated at the nanoliter scale, which suggests that our microfluidic chip can be applied not only to miniaturization of various biochemical reactions, but also to development of the microfluidic biochemical reaction system requiring a precise nano-scale control.     

Single-cell analysis of yeast, mammalian cells, and fungal spores with a microfluidic pressure-driven chip-based system.

BACKGROUND: Cytomics aims at understanding the function of cellular systems by analysis of single cells. Recently, there has been a growing interest in single cell measurements being performed in microfluidic systems. These systems promise to integrate staining, measurement, and analysis in a single system. One important aspect is the limitation of allowable cell sizes due to microfluidic channel dimensions. Here we want to demonstrate the broad applicability of microfluidic chip technology for the analysis of many different cell types. METHODS: We have developed a microfluidic chip and measurement system that allows flow cytometric analysis of fluorescently stained cells from different organisms. In this setup, the cells are moved by pressure-driven flow inside a network of microfluidic channels and are analyzed individually by fluorescence detection. RESULTS: We have successfully applied the system to develop a methodology to detect viable and dead cells in yeast cell populations. Also, we have measured short interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated silencing of protein expression in mammalian cells. In addition, we have characterized the infection state of Magnaportae grisea fungal spores. CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained with the microfluidic system demonstrate a broad applicability of microfluidic flow cytometry to measurement of various cell types.     

Integrated bioassays in microfluidic devices: botulinum toxin assays

A microfluidic assay was developed for screening botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT-A) by using a fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay. Molded silicone microdevices with integral valves, pumps, and reagent reservoirs were designed and fabricated. Electrical and pneumatic control hardware were constructed, and software was written to automate the assay protocol and data acquisition. Detection was accomplished by fluorescence microscopy. The system was validated with a peptide inhibitor, running 2 parallel assays, as a feasibility demonstration. The small footprint of each bioreactor cell (0.5 cm2) and scalable fluidic architecture enabled many parallel assays on a single chip. The chip is programmable to run a dilution series in each lane, generating concentration-response data for multiple inhibitors. The assay results showed good agreement with the corresponding experiments done at a macroscale level. Although the system has been developed for BoNT-A screening, a wide variety of assays can be performed on the microfluidic chip with little or no modification.     

High-throughput multi-antigen microfluidic fluorescence immunoassays

Here we describe the development of a high-throughput multi-antigen microfluidic fluorescence immunoassay system. A 100-chamber polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip performs up to 5 tests for each of 10 samples. In this particular study system, the specificity of detection was demonstrated, and calibration curves were produced for C-reactive protein (CRP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), ferritin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The measurements show sensitivity at and below clinically normal levels (with a signal-to-noise ratio >8 at as low as 10 pM antigen concentration). The chip uses 100 nL per sample for all tests. The developed system is an important step toward derivative immunoassay applications in scientific research and "point-of-care" testing in medicine.     

Miniaturized immunoassay microfluidic system with electrokinetic control

A portable heterogeneous immunoassay system is presented in this paper. It consists of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) based microfluidic chip as the immunoreactor, a miniaturized programmable high voltage sequencer as the power supply and the flow controller, and a laser-optical fiber fluorescence detection module as the signal reader. The operation of this immunoassay system is automatic. The sequential reagent dispensing and washing processes are controlled by the programmable sequencer. The reagent consumption was only 12 microL and the assay time was only 26 min. The detection limit for Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacterial antigen with this miniaturized system was 0.3 ng/muL, lower than that obtained using fluorescence microscope in previous studies.     

A microfluidic cell chip for virus isolation via rapid screening for permissive cells

Virus identification is a prerequisite not only for the early diagnosis of viral infectious diseases but also for the effective prevention of epidemics. Successful cultivation is the gold standard for identifying a virus, according to the Koch postulates. However, this requires screening for a permissive cell line, which is traditionally time-, reagent- and labor-intensive. Here, a simple and easy-to-operate microfluidic chip, formed by seeding a variety of cell lines and culturing them in parallel, is reported for use in virus cultivation and virus-permissive host-cell screening. The chip was tested by infection with two known viruses, enterovirus 71 (EV71) and influenza virus H1N1. Infection with EV71 and H1N1 caused significant cytopathic effects (CPE) in RD and MDCK cells, respectively, demonstrating that virus cultivation based on this microfluidic cell chip can be used as a substitute for the traditional plate-based culture method and reproduce the typical CPE caused by virus infection. Using this microfluidic cell chip method for virus cultivation could make it possible to identify an emerging virus in a high-throughput, automatic, and unprecedentedly fast way.     

Microfluidic conductimetric bioreactor

A microfluidic conductimetric bioreactor has been developed. Enzyme was immobilized in the microfluidic channel on poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface via covalent binding method. The detection unit consisted of two gold electrodes and a laboratory-built conductimetric transducer to monitor the increase in the conductivity of the solution due to the change of the charges generated by the enzyme-substrate catalytic reaction. Urea–urease was used as a representative analyte-enzyme system. Under optimum conditions urea could be determined with a detection limit of 0.09 mM and linearity in the range of 0.1–10 mM (r = 0.9944). The immobilized urease on the microchannel chip provided good stability (>30 days of operation time) and good repeatability with an R.S.D. lower than 2.3%. Good agreement was obtained when urea concentrations of human serum samples determined by the microfluidic flow injection conductimetric bioreactor system were compared to those obtained using the Berthelot reaction (P < 0.05). After prolong use the immobilized enzyme could be removed from the PDMS microchannel chip enabling new active enzyme to be immobilized and the chip to be reused.