浙江长兴二叠系三叠系界线地层中的氨基酸

浙江长兴煤山剖面二叠系三叠系（Ｐ／Ｔ）界线地层中的氨基酸分析结果显示,所研究样品中含有１６种生物来源的氨基酸,它们的总含量在Ｐ／Ｔ界线地层及下伏地层中的分布规律是：自下而上减少,这一趋势与正常海相地层中氨基酸含量随地层年代增加而减少的规律相反。Ｐ／Ｔ界线附近氨基酸总量上的异常变化趋势可能与二叠纪末生物绝灭事件有关,即由于二叠纪末所在海域生物总量的急剧减少所致。此外,检测了被认为是地外氨基酸的α氨基异丁酸及异缬氨酸,两者在所研究的Ｐ／Ｔ界线地层中均未被发现,因而本项研究不支持二叠纪末发生地外事件的假说。     

二叠-三叠系界线层的牙形刺与生物地层界线

在研究二叠－三叠系界线地层时，应严格地将事件地层界线与生物地层界线区分开来。而定义生物地层界线时，也不应与“过渡层”或“混生层”的概念相连。在浙江长兴煤山，“界线粘土”层的底界，应为事件地层界线，界线层２的中部应为生物地层界线，比事件地层界线高１５ｃｍ。二叠－三叠系生物地层界线应以ＨｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｐａｒｏｕｓＭｏｒｐｈｏｔｙｐｅｌ的首次出现为准。在Ｈ．ｐａｒｖｕｓＭ．１缺乏的地区可以Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｃｈａｎｇｘｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ，Ｃ．ｄｅｆｌｅｃｔｓ，Ｃ．ｄｉｃｅｒｏｃａｒｉｎａｔａ，Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ，Ｈｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｌａｔｉｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓ，Ｈ．ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｉｓ．Ｈ．ｃｈａｎｇｘｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ等种的绝灭和ＨｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｐａｒｖｕｓＭ．２，Ｈ．ｔｕｒｇｉｄｕｓ，Ｏｐｈｉｃｅｒａｓ，Ｃｌａｒａｉａｗａｎｇｉ首次出现作为确定二叠－三叠系生物地层界线的辅助标准。这一生物地层界线恰在连续的单相地层中，完全符合全球界线层型剖面点的要求。因此长兴煤山忠心大队剖面是世界上最好的二叠－三叠系全球界线层型剖面点（ＧＳＳＰ）。     

湖南慈利康家坪剖面二叠纪末类有孔虫的灭绝过程

湖南慈利地区二叠系-三叠系界线附近地层非常发育,是探讨二叠纪-三叠纪之交生态系转变的良好区域。本研究通过对该地区康家坪剖面长兴组上部与大冶组下部地层进行系统采样、切片研究,在长兴组上部地层中发现278个类有孔虫,共鉴定出4属11种(含2个未定种)。这些类有孔虫在地层中的分布表明类有孔虫在二叠纪末经历了一次突变式的灭绝过程,其灭绝层位位于长兴组顶部的生物碎屑灰岩与大冶组底部的微生物岩之交界线处。该研究不仅丰富了康家坪剖面在这一关键时期的生物群面貌,而且也为二叠纪末的生物灭绝事件的深入研究提供了新的材料。     

苏浙皖地区二叠纪末、三叠纪初的岩相和生物相

二叠纪末、三叠纪初,苏浙皖地区位于中国南部海的东北缘(图1)。区内二叠系至三叠系的连续沉积剖面很多,沉积物类型多样,生物化石丰富。近年来,中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所二叠、三叠系界线工作组对长兴阶和二叠系与三叠系之间的过渡层进行了大量的生物地层及沉积岩的研究。本文将着重讨论区内二叠纪末、三叠纪初的岩相、生物相以及环境演     

二叠-三叠系界线层的牙形刺与生物地层界线

在研究二叠－三叠系界线地层时,应严格地将事件地层界线与生物地层界线区分开来。而定义生物地层界线时,也不应与“过渡层”或“混生层”的概念相连。在浙江长兴煤山,“界线粘土”层的底界,应为事件地层界线,界线层２的中部应为生物地层界线,比事件地层界线高１５ｃｍ。二叠－三叠系生物地层界线应以ＨｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｐａｒｏｕｓＭｏｒｐｈｏｔｙｐｅｌ的首次出现为准。在Ｈ．ｐａｒｖｕｓＭ．１缺乏的地区可以Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｃｈａｎｇｘｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｃ．ｄｅｆｌｅｃｔｓ,Ｃ．ｄｉｃｅｒｏｃａｒｉｎａｔａ,Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,Ｈｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｌａｔｉｄｅｎｔａｔｕｓ,Ｈ．ｔｙｐｉｃａｌｉｓ．Ｈ．ｃｈａｎｇｘｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ等种的绝灭和ＨｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｐａｒｖｕｓＭ．２,Ｈ．ｔｕｒｇｉｄｕｓ,Ｏｐｈｉｃｅｒａｓ,Ｃｌａｒａｉａｗａｎｇｉ首次出现作为确定二叠－三叠系生物地层界线的辅助标准。这一生物地层界线恰在连续的单相地层中,完全符合全球界线层型剖面点的要求。因此长兴煤山忠心大队剖面是世界上最好的二叠－三叠系全球界线层型剖面点（ＧＳＳＰ）。     

中国二叠系的底界

牙形刺是二叠系生物地层的主导门类,地叠系的三统九阶的界线层型（ＧＳＳＰ）都将用牙形刺定义。我国石炭－二叠系（Ｃ／Ｐ）的分界应采用与国际上一致的标准,即用牙形刺Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕｓ ｉｓｏｌａｔｕｓ的首次出现定义二叠系的底界。Ｓ．ｉｓｏｌａｔｕｓ在我国华南、华北均有分布,可精确地确定二叠系的底界。华北太原组应归下二叠统Ａｓｓｅｌｉａｎ阶,我国Ｃ／Ｐ界线地层和Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕ     

江西二叠－三叠系界线

本文描述了江西省北部、中部、南部地区二叠－三叠系界线剖面各１条,对每条剖面进行沉积相分析,从生物地层学角度论证其界线存在的可靠性。Ｈｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓｐａｒｖｕｓ在江西修水清水岩乡东岭的发现是中国的又一新发现地区。二叠－三叠纪生物地层界线以Ｈ．ｐａｒｖｕｓＭｏｒｐｈｏｔｙｐｅ１的首次出现为难;“界线粘土”层的底界属二叠－三叠系事件地层界线,与生物地层界线不是一回事,生物地层界线比事件地层界线在江西约高出１６─２０ｃｍ;建议在二叠－三叠系界线研究中,最好不用“混生层”或“过渡层”,而改为界线地层或界线层。     

江西二叠—三叠系界线

本文描述了江西省北部、中部、南部地区二叠－三叠系界线剖面各１条,对每条剖面进行沉积相分析,从生物地层学角度论证其界线存在的可靠性,Ｈｉｎｄｅｏｄｕｓ ｐａｒｏｕｓ在江西修水清水岩乡东岭的发现是中国的又一新发现地区。二叠－三叠纪生物地层界线以Ｈ．ｐａｒｖｕｓ Ｍｏｒｐｈｏｔｙｐｅ１的首次出现为准;“界线粘土”层的底界属三叠－三叠系事件地层界线,与生物地层界线不是一回事,生物地层界线比事件地层界线在江     

浙江煤山剖面二叠纪末的小有孔虫动物群

通过对浙江长兴煤山剖面长兴阶上部和二叠系三叠系界线地层进行系统切片和研究,共鉴别出小有孔虫化石18属50种。这一丰富的有孔虫动物群,不仅进一步完善了长兴阶标准剖面的化石资料,而且也为研究二叠纪末的生物灭绝形式提供了新的依据。     

训练与β－内啡肽对急性运动反应关系的研究

用放射免疫法测定训练和非训练大鼠运动前、运动到５０％耐力时间（Ｔ１／２）和衰竭时丘脑下部和血浆β－内啡肽（β－ＥＰ）的含量,探索了训练与β－ＥＰ对急性运动反应的关系。结果表明：训练组大鼠丘脑下部β－ＥＰ含量在运动到Ｔ１／２和衰竭时分别较安静时提高了４％和１５％;对照组大鼠在Ｔ１／２时,β－ＥＰ的变化趋势同训练组,以后随运动生理负荷的增强而迅速降低,衰竭时较Ｔ１／２时降低了２６％,较训练组降低了３２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。训练组大鼠血浆β－ＥＰ含量随运动开始迅速上升,Ｔ１／２时较运动前增加了５．７倍（Ｐ＜０．０１）,以后上升的幅度减小;非训练组大鼠血浆β－ＥＰ也随运动开始迅速提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ｔ１／２后趋于稳定,在Ｔ１／２和衰竭时分别比训练组低２２％和２６％。表明非训练组大鼠丘脑下部β－Ｅｐ对急性运动呈明显的双相变化,训练提高了大鼠丘脑下部和血浆β－ＥＰ对衰竭运动的反应。     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.