斑鳢血细胞初步研究

对斑鳢的外周血细胞用常规Wright’s法染色并进行显微观察。结果显示,斑鳢外周血中具有红细胞、幼稚红细胞、小淋巴细胞、大淋巴细胞、血栓细胞、单核细胞和嗜中性粒细胞,未发现嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞。分别对各种血细胞的显微结构进行了描述。     

扬子鳄外周血细胞的超微结构

对扬子鳄血细胞亚显微结构进行透射电镜观察。结果表明：在外周血细胞中可区分出红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞以及血栓细胞。电镜图像显示：与其它爬行动物相比,各类血细胞体积较小并具有不同程度的变形运动及吞噬能力。红细胞的特征是长梭形,其长短径之比值超过3.0。在外周血液中发现了多种未成熟型血细胞;进入外周血液中的红细胞普遍已分化到一定程度,但有的仍须在外周血液中完成其最后的发育;单核细胞在外周血液中经历了从幼单核细胞到成熟单核细胞的过程,并描述了从未成熟到成熟阶段细胞的超微结构的变化;嗜中性粒细胞在外周血液中经历了从早幼粒细胞、中幼粒细胞,晚幼粒细胞到成熟粒细胞的过程,描述了嗜中性粒细胞各个发育阶段细胞的超微结构及特征,并讨论了嗜天青粒细胞和嗜中性粒细胞的关系。     

玳瑁和绿海龟幼体外周血细胞的观察与比较

对玳瑁(Eretmochelys imbricata)和绿海龟(Chelonia mydas)外周血细胞形态特征及其数量进行了观察、测定与比较.结果表明,在2种海龟外周血都观察到7种血细胞:红细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和血栓细胞,除了绿海龟观察到大、小2种嗜酸性粒细胞外,另外几种血细胞的形态结构与其他爬行动物相似.白细胞分类计数表明,2种海龟白细胞中以嗜中性粒细胞数量最多,其次是淋巴细胞和单核细胞,嗜酸性粒细胞仅有少数,嗜碱性粒细胞极少,并且此类细胞在玳瑁的白细胞分类计数中为零.玳瑁红细胞数量为(346.7±68.4)×10~3个/μl,比绿海龟红细胞含量少,绿海龟为(403.3±170.6)×10~3/μl;玳瑁白细胞及血栓细胞数分别为(7.7±1.9)×10~3个/μl和(9.6±2.2)×10~3个/μl,绿海龟分别为(7.3±2.8)×10~3个/μl和(7.5±3.7) ×10~3个/μl.     

日本白鲫外周血细胞显微及亚显微结构的研究

用光镜和电镜观察了日本白鲫外周血细胞的形态结构和过氧化物酶、糖原在血细胞内的分布。在日本白鲫外周血中，可见到红细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞和血栓细胞，未发现酸性粒细胞和碱性粒细胞，描述了上述各种血细胞在光镜和电镜观察下的形态和细微结构。对过氧化物酶，中性粒细胞呈阳性反应，对ＰＡＳ处理，淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞均呈阳性反应，中性粒细胞中有３种不同类型的特殊颗粒。     

淡水石斑外周血细胞显微结构观察

淡水石斑(Cichlasoma managuense)外周血细胞可区分出红血细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和血栓细胞,未发现嗜碱性粒细胞。外周血液中还存在少量未成熟的和正在分裂的红血细胞。白细胞中,血栓细胞体积最小,嗜中性粒细胞体积最大;数量上,血栓细胞最多,而嗜酸性粒细胞则最少。     

牛蛙外周血细胞的形态学特点

本研究对雌雄牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)外周血细胞的组成、形态、大小和数量进行了观察和统计。牛蛙外周血细胞由红细胞、白细胞以及血栓细胞组成,其中红细胞体积最大,平均大小(长径×短径)为(25.68±1.88)μm×(16.49±1.53)μm,扫描电镜下发现红细胞表面光滑;血栓细胞呈卵圆形或纺锤形,其体积最小,平均大小为(8.62±1.04)μm×(7.47±1.11)μm;白细胞由淋巴细胞、单核细胞、浆细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞组成,扫描电镜下白细胞表面粗糙不平,有许多不规则的凸起。白细胞中淋巴细胞最多,其中小淋巴细胞约占白细胞的32.66%±4.29%,大淋巴细胞约占6.03%±1.54%;嗜碱性粒细胞最少,只占4.78%±0.83%;浆细胞胞体大小不一,常呈椭圆形,平均大小为(23.51±0.59)μm×(22.86±0.67)μm;此外,牛蛙外周血细胞中单核细胞、淋巴细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的数量比例以及淋巴细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的大小均有性别的差异(P0.05)。     

欧洲鳗鲡外周血细胞的显微和超微结构

利用光镜和透射电镜技术研究了欧洲鳗鲡（Anguilla anguilla）外周血细胞的显微和亚显微结构。结果表明：在外周血细胞中可以区分出红细胞、单核细胞、大淋巴细胞、小淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和血栓细胞;嗜中性粒细胞内的特殊颗粒包括A、B、C三型;嗜中性粒细胞分为Ⅰ型粒细胞（内含A、B、C三种特殊颗粒）、Ⅱ型粒细胞（内含A型和C型两种特殊颗粒）和Ⅲ型粒细胞（内含C型特殊颗粒）。还见到幼稚的和正在分裂的红细胞和单核细胞,提示示幼稚的红细胞能直接进入外周血流中,嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞无论在血涂片上或超薄切片上均未见到。描述了上述各种血细胞在光镜和电镜观察下的形态和细微结构。血栓细胞体积最小,嗜中性粒细胞体积最大;淋巴细胞数目最多,嗜中性粒细胞数目最少。     

长薄鳅外周血细胞的显微结构和细胞化学特征研究

长薄鳅外周血细胞可分为红细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和血栓细胞.在数量上,中性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和血栓细胞占白细胞总数的百分比分别是17.06%、5.83%、28.16%和48.94%.细胞化学染色显示所有白细胞均含有糖原物质,所有红细胞均不含酸性磷酸酶,中性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和血栓细胞均含有酸性磷酸酶.非特异件酯酶染色显示单核细胞呈阳性反应,中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和血栓细胞均为部分呈阳性反应.所有细胞的碱性磷酸酶、过氧化物酶、苏丹黑显色反应均呈阴性.     

乌龟外周血细胞的显微和超微结构

乌龟血细胞的显微和超微结构研究表明;在外周血细胞中,可分辨出红细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞等7种细胞.红细胞核圆形,胞质均匀无细胞器.单核细胞的特征是核内异染色质多聚集于周边,胞质中含有许多囊泡.淋巴细胞的核质比例大.血栓细胞以具细长的指状突起,基本无细胞器为其特征.嗜酸性粒细胞仅含一种圆形颗粒,颗粒质地均匀,电子致密,大小不等.嗜碱性粒细胞颗粒环绕在胞核周围,有三种电子密度、颗粒大小不一的类型.嗜中性粒细胞含有两种电子密度、形态不一的颗粒.       

中华蟾蜍血细胞的观察

应用常规血涂片Wright氏染色、活体观察和血细胞计数法研究中华蟾蜍（Bufo　gargarizans）的血细胞形态。结果表明:红细胞有有核和无核两种类型。有核红细胞较大,椭圆形,平均19.41×14.25μm,细胞核染色质密集。白细胞圆形或椭圆形,直径比红细胞长径短,核比例一般较大。白细胞中,淋巴细胞最多,其次为中性粒细胞和单核细胞,嗜酸性粒细胞少,嗜碱性粒细胞极少。红细胞和淋巴细胞均有直接分裂现象。红细胞平均值为7.67×105/mm3,白细胞平均值为0.75×105/mm3。血栓细胞纺锤形或卵圆形,胞质少或裸核状,推侧为红细胞的衍生物。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Comparison of BMI and percentage of body fat of Indian and German children and adolescents

Today, serious health problems as overweight and obesity are not just constricted to the developed world, but also increase in the developing countries (Prentice 2006, Ramachandram et al. 2002). Focusing on this issue, BMI and percentage of body fat were compared in 2094 schoolchildren from two cross-sectional studies from India and Germany investigated in 2008 and 2009. The German children are in all age groups significantly taller, whereas the Indian children show higher values in BMI (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 22 kg/m2; German: around 19 kg/m2) and in the percentage of body fat (e.g. 12 years: Indian: around 27%; German: around 18-20%) in most of the investigated age groups. The Indian children have significantly higher BMI between 10 and 13 (boys) respectively 14 years (girls). Indian children showed significant higher percentage of body fat between 10 and 15 years (boys) and between 8 and 16 years (girls). The difference in overweight between Indian and German children was strongest at 11 (boys) and 12 (girls) years: 70% of the Indian but 20% of the German children were classified as overweight. In countries such as India that undergo nutritional transition, a rapid increase in obesity and overweight is observed. In contrast to the industrialized countries, the risk of overweight in developing countries is associated with high socioeconomic status. Other reasons of the rapid increase of overweight in the developing countries caused by different environmental or genetic factors are discussed.     

颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治

颧骨颧弓骨折是最常见的面中部骨折之一,迄今为止,在其分类及诊治的选择上仍然存在一定争议,本文对目前颧骨颧弓骨折的分类及诊治的现状和进展作一综述,以期对临床工作提供参考。     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.