青年男性高原移居者最大摄氧量计算公式的推导

最大摄氧量（Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ）是评价人体体力的重要指标,其测定方法分直接法和间接法两种。目前所推导的间接计算公式都是在平原、或是在进入高原初期推导的,不适用于高原习服人群。本研究采用逐步回归的方法,推导出移居高原７－２７个月、不同高度的青年男性Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ间接计算公式。在海拔３６８０ｍ地区,Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ（Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）＝１．１５３１＋０．００７３２７身高（ｃｍ）＋０．０１６１３体重（ｋｇ）－０．００５８８３晨脉（ｂ／ｍｉｎ）－０．００４５３４运动心率（６０Ｗ,６／ｍｉｎ）,Ｒ＝０．７４５,Ｐ＜０．０１,ＳＳ＝３．７７９９;或Ｖｏ２ｍａｘ（Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）＝１．２１８６＋０．０１９８４体重（ｋｇ）＋０．０７２５９肺活量（Ｌ）－０．００６６５９晨脉（ｂ／ｍｉｎ）,Ｒ＝０．７１３,ｐ＜０．０１,ｓｓ＝３．９６３６。在４３５０ｍ地区,Ｖｏ２．ｍａｘ（Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）＝０．４９１７＋０．０１６８７体重（ｋｇ）＋０．１１０９肺活量（Ｌ）＋０．００１９８３屏气时间（Ｓ）,Ｒ＝０．７８１,Ｐ＜０．０１,ＳＳ＝２．１３５６。计算值与实测值比较,变异系数在１３％以内,结果准确可靠,适用于青年男性高原习服移居者。     

棉花苗期棉蚜的二项式抽样设计及其精度分析

基于棉花苗期棉蚜（Ａｐｈｉｓ ｇｏｓｓｙｐｉｉ）的２４组调查数据,利用每样方虫口不超过数阈值Ｔ（为０,１,２,…,９,１０,１５,２０,３０）头蚜虫的植株比例（ＰＴ）与种群密度（ｍ,头／株）的关系,拟合经验关系式１ｎ（ｍ）＝α＋ｂ１ｎ〔－１ｎ（ＰＴ）〕设计二项式抽样。通过对不同数阈值Ｔ的决定系数（ｒ＾２）、估计方差（Ｖａｒ（ｍ））和抽样精度（ｄ估计）等进行综合分析,结果表明该蚜虫在数阈值Ｔ为１５时     

经皮电刺激诱发肌电潜伏期与身高的关系

本文应用高电压、低输出阻抗刺激器,经皮给予人大脑皮层和脊髓电刺激,同时在上肢鱼际和下肢胫骨前肌记录诱发肌肉动作电位,并测定其刺激大脑皮层所诱发反应的潜伏期－皮层潜伏期、刺激脊髓所诱发反应的潜伏期－脊髓潜伏期。结果表明：皮层潜伏期（Ｌｃｏｒ．）和脊髓潜伏期（Ｌｓｐ．）与身高呈正相关,相关系数是：鱼际：ｒＬｃｏｒ．＝０．２０８,ｐ＜０．０５（ｖ＝１１４）,ｒＬｓｐ．＝０．３６４,ｐ＜０．０１（ｖ＝１１４）;胫骨前肌：ｒＬｃｏｒ．＝０．３４９,ｐ＜０．０１（ｖ＝６９）,ｒＬｓｐ．＝０．３１７,ｐ＜０．０１,（ｖ＝６９）。回归方程是：鱼际：Ｌｃｏｒ．（ｍｓ）＝１２．１４８＋０．０４６Ｈ（ｃｍ）,Ｌｓｐ．（ｍｓ）＝２．０８５＋０．０６５Ｈ（ｃｍ）;胫骨前肌：Ｌｃｏｒ．（ｍｓ）＝１３．０３８＋０．０９７Ｈ（ｃｍ）,Ｌｓｐ．（ｍｓ）＝３．３９７＋０．０７８Ｈ（ｃｍ）。这样在临床工作中,只要测量出身高,就可以确定其各肌肉的皮层潜伏期、脊髓潜伏期的正常值,它将给临床工作带来方便,同时它也将给临床中枢神经疾病的诊断和预后判定提供方便。     

一类非线性微分动力系统的定性分析

本文研究了一类非线性微分动力系统０,ｂ＞０,Ｐ＞０）的定性行为,完整地解决了系统的极限环的不存在性、存在性和唯一性问题。得到系统有唯一极限环当且仅当（Ｐ一１）ａ－ｂ＞（ａ＋ｂ）~（Ｐ＋１）     

名贵月季品种微繁及工艺研究

研究以名贵月季品种“落霞”、“墨红”、“和平”、“金背大红”等为试材,以ＭＳ基本培养基附加不同浓度的６－ＢＡ、ＮＡＡ,以诱导腋芽增殖为微繁途径。结果表明：无菌外植体的建立培养基为ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡＯ．５－２＋ＮＡＡＯ．０５－０．１＋Ｖｃ１００;芽增殖培养基为ＭＳ十ＢＡ１＋ＮＡＡ０．０５,在此培养基上繁殖系数为５．５;生根培养基为ＭＳ＋ＩＡＡ１＋ＩＢＡ１＋ＮＡＡ０．１－肌醇,生根率在９５％左右。生根苗移栽成活率在８５％左右。同时对繁殖工艺流程、成本、商品苗产率等问题进行了讨论,给出在繁殖系数为Ｆ、生根数为ｂ时,有效繁殖系数ｆ＝Ｆ—ｂ,试管苗实际增殖倍数Ｎｎ＝（Ｆ—ｂ）（ｎ－１）·Ｆ、生根苗数Ｒ１－ｎ＝ｆ－１;当生根率为ｒ１,移栽成活率为ｒ２,则商品苗产率为Ｃ＝ｒ１·ｒ２·Ｒｎ＝ｒ１·ｒ２·ｂ（ｆ－１）／（ｆ－１）     

承德市油松针叶硫及重金属含量动态及其与大气SO2之间的关系

本文分析了承德市油松（ＰｉｎｕｓｔａｂｕｔａｅｆｏｒｍｉｓＣａｒｒ．）针叶硫和重金属含量变化及其与大气ＳＯ＿２浓度之间的相关性,探讨了油松针叶对大气ＳＯ＿２的生物监测作用,结果认为：植物Ｓ含量生长末期＞休眠期＞生长初期＞生长旺盛期（ｐ＜０．００１）;重金属中Ｐｂ表现为类似的规律,Ｓ和Ｐｂ含量分别从０．７５ｍｇ·ｇ￣（－１）和０．７μｇ·ｇ￣（－１）上升到１．５８ｍｇ·ｇ￣（－１）和２．０μｇ·ｇ￣（－１）。Ｎｉ变化不明显;Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ和Ｆｅ呈下降趋势,但Ｚｎ在休眠期略有回升。Ｍｎ在休眠期最高,但生长期也很高,其余季节相对较低。这种变化特点与大气中ＳＯ＿２和总悬浮颗植物（ＴＳＰ）的变化趋势基本一致;油松针叶Ｓ含量与大气ＳＯ＿２浓度之间具有很显著的相关性,其中火车站监测点生长季节相关公式Ｙ＝－０．０２６３＋０．０９６５Ｘ（ｒ＝０．８９１１,ｐ＜０．００１）;城区Ｙ＝０．０１２６＋０．０６１８Ｘ（ｒ＝０．７８４１,ｐ＜０．０１）。利用后者可对整个承德市区的大气ＳＯ＿２污染状况进行生物监测。     

具有非线性平均增长率的离散Logistic方程的稳定性和振动性

考虑具非线性平均增长率的Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程 这里ｒ,ａ,ｂ都是正常数,本文证明了方程（１）的一切解关于 ｋ振动的充要条件是 ｋｒ（ａ＋２ｂｋ）＞１,其中ｋ是方程（１）的唯一的正平衡解。同时获得了方程（１）的正平衡解ｋ是渐近稳定与全局渐近稳定的充分条件．     

一种自适应的种群增长模型及参数估计

通过对种群增长的非线性制约机制的数学形态分析,提出了一种新的种群增长数学模型ｄｘ／ｄｔ＝ｒｘ（１－（ｘ／ｘｍ）＾ｓ）其解析解为：ｘ（ｔ）＝ｘｍ／（１＋（ｘ＾ｓｍ／ｘ＾ｓ０－１）ｅ＾－ｒｓｔ）＾１／ｓ该模型当非线性密度制约指数ｓ〈１,ｓ＝１,ｓ〉１及ｓ→∞时分别对尖于ＳｍｉｔｈＬｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ,崔－Ｌａｗｓｏｎ及指数增长模型,具有自适应性,本文还提出了一种种群增长模型对数估计的搜索寻优方法,只要给出     

山东10种植物的核型分析

对山东１０ 种植物进行了核型分析。茴茴蒜（ Ｒａｎｕｎｃｕｌｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｂｇｅ－） 染色体数目２ｎ ＝１６ , 核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ ＝ １６ ＝ ２ Ｍ ＋ ２ｍ ＋ ２ｓｍ ＋ １０ｓｔ, “３Ａ”类型; 五脉地椒（ Ｔｈｙｍｕｓｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｃｏｓｔａｔｕｓ Ｃｅｌａｋ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ２６ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ２６ ＝ ８ Ｍ ＋ １８ｍ , “１Ａ”类型; 蛇床（ Ｃｎｉｄｉｕｍ ｍｏｎｎｉｅｒｉ（Ｌ－） Ｃｕｓｓ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ２０ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ２０ ＝ ２Ｍ＋ １６ｍ ＋ ２ｓｍ , “２Ｂ”类型; 波斯菊（ Ｃｏｓｍｏｓ ｂｉｐｉｎｎａｔｕｓ Ｃａｖ－） 染色体数目２ｎ ＝ ２４ , 核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ ＝ ２４ ＝ １６ｍ ＋ ２ｍ （ｓａｔ） ＋ ６ｓｍ , “２Ａ”类型; 白车轴草（ Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ ｒｅｐｅｎｓ Ｌ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ３２ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ４ｘ ＝ ３２ ＝ ３２ｍ , “１Ａ”类型; 铁苋菜（ Ａｃａｌｙｐｈａ ａｕｓｔｒａｌｉｓ Ｌ－）染色体数目２ｎ ＝ ３２ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ３２ ＝ ３２ｍ , “１Ｂ”类型; 地构叶（ Ｓｐｅｒａｎｓｋｉａ ｔ?     

青海南部太白韭4居群的核型研究

研究了葱属太白韭青海４个居群的染色体数目和核型。结果如下,居群１：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）,居群２：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１４ｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）;居群３：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝３２＝２４ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ（４ＳＡＴ）,居群４：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１４ｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋Ｂｓ（０－２）。并讨论了多倍体和Ｂ染色体形成与分析。     

A note on the nonautonomous delay Beverton-Holt model

It is well known that the periodic cycle {x(n)} of a periodically forced nonlinear difference equation is attenuant (resonant) if av(x(n)) < av(K(n))(av(x(n)) > av(K(n))),where {K ( n )} is the carrying capacity of the environment and av(t(n)) = (1/p)∑(p?1) (i=0) ti (arithmetic mean of the p-periodic cycle {t ( n )}). In this article, we extend the concept of attenuance and resonance of periodic cycles using the geometric mean for the average of a periodic cycle. We study the properties of the periodically forced nonautonomous delay Beverton-Holt model x(n+1) = r(n)x(n)/1 + (r(n?l) ? 1)x(n?k)/K(n?k), n= 0, 1, . . . , where {K ( n )} and {r ( n )} are positive p-periodic sequences; (K ( n )>0, r ( n )>1) as well as k and l are nonnegative integers. We will show that for all positive solutions {x ( n )} of the previous equation lim sup (n→∞) (∏(n?1)(i=0)xi)(1/n) ≤ ((∏(p?1)(i=0)ri)(1/p) ? 1)(∏(p?1)(i=0)(ri ? 1))(?1/p)(∏(p?1)(i=0)Ki)(1/p). In particular, in the case where {x(n)} is a p-periodic solution of the above equation (assuming that such solution exists) and r ( n )=r>1, the periodic cycle is g-attenuant, that is (∏(p?1)(i=0)x(i))(1/p)<(∏(p?1)(i=0)K(i))(p?1) Surprisingly, the obtained results show that the delays k and l do not play any role.     

Thermochemical characteristics of 2,4-dichlorophenol degrading strain Pseudomonas GT241-1 of growth metabolism by microcalorimetry

By using LKB-2277 Bioactivity Monitor, ampoule method, the heat output of the growth metabolism of a 2.4-dichlorophenol degrading bacteria strain, Pseudomonas strain GT241-1, has been determined at 30 degrees C. From the thermogenic curves, it can be established that thermokinetic equation of their growth metabolism is Pt = Pt = 0 exp(k(m) t), dP/dt = k(m)P1, with the order of growth metabolism n = 1. The experimental results indicate that the relationship between the metabolic power (P) and the cell concentration (C), and relationship between the metabolic power of each cell (P0) and the cell concentration can be characterized by the following thermal equation: C = a + kP, InC = a' + k'P0 or dC/dP0 = KC1. The order of the P0-C equation n is also 1. These results are very significant in environmental sciences, biology and thermochemistry.     

Muller's ratchet and the accumulation of favourable mutations

Under the influence of recurrent deleterious mutation and selection, asexual and sexual populations reach a deterministic equilibrium with individuals carrying 0,1,2,. . . harmful mutations. When a favourable mutation (aA) occurs in an asexual population it will usually occur in an individual who has one or more (k) deleterious mutations. Muller's ratchet then applies as A will thereafter never occur in an individual with less than k mutations. If the selective advantage of A is less than the selective disadvantage of k harmful mutations then A will not spread. If it is greater it may spread carrying k deleterious mutations to fixation. Sexual populations are not affected in this way. A will spread through the population experiencing genomes with 0,1,2,. . . deleterious mutations in accordance with the deterministic equilibrium.     

A law of small numbers for a mutation process

A system of particles will consist of 2n particles at time n, n = 0,1,2,...; each of the particles is either blue or white. At time 0 the particle is white. In the time interval (0,1) this particle mutates to blue with probability p. At time 1 the particle splits into two particles of the same color. At any time n greater than or equal to 1 the 2n particles act independently of each other and of their ancestral histories; during the time interval (n, n + 1) each white particle mutates to blue with probability p, and each blue particle mutates to white with probability alpha. The problem is to find the distribution of the number, Xn, of blue particles at time n - 0 when n is large and p = pn and alpha = alpha n are small.     

Relationship between the proliferation waves of the hepatocytes after hepatectomy and the waves of diurnal rhythm of mitotic activity. 1. Dependence of the form of the mitotic wave and the time of attaining its maximal degree on the time of operation]

The diurnal rhythm of mitotic activity (MA) of intact animal hepatocytes and the proliferative wave of hepatocytes after partial hepatactomy at time t0 are thought to appear as a result of formation of an initial proliferative wave, Pk-wave, within the G0-phase at constant moments of the day--time tk+1=tk+TMA(TMA=24hrs/K, k=1, or 2, . . ., or K) under the influence of the regulating system of the organism. Cells of the Pk-wave pass during a short time deltat (deltat less than TMA) from the G0-phase into the transformation phase, and then into the G1-phase. The 1st stimulated proliferative wave is formed at time tk, if tk--TMA less than t0 less than or equal to tk; its intensity depends most likely on the intensity of the corresponding Pk-wave of the intact liver. It was noted that time t0 of partial hepatectomy was necessary to coordinate with tk, but not with the time of the maximal mitotic activity, and that it was necessary to hepatectomize all animals within the interval from time tk--TMA to time tk. The model was shown to compare well with data by Post et al. (1963), Barbason (1970), and Van Cantfort and Barbason (1972) for hepatocytes of Wistar rats with TMA=8hrs, and tk (k=1,2,3) within intervals (2 a.m.; 4 a.m), (10 p.m.; noon), and (6 p.m. 8 p.m.). The maximal rate of liver generation was observed for all the hepactomized animals with the time of operation being between 8 p. m. and 2 a.m.     

时滞Logistic型差分方程的振动及稳定性

本文获得了如下Xn 1=xnexp(a bxn-k^p-cxn-1^q）时滞Logistic型差分方程所有正解关于其平衡点振动的充要条件，同时还获得了一个正平衡点渐近稳定的充分条件，其中A∈（0，∞），B∈（-∞，O]，C∈（0，∞），K,l∈N。     

On true and apparent Michaelis constants in enzymology. II. Is the equation k(m)app = k(s) + k)cat)/k(1) true for enzyme-catalysed reactions with activator participation?

The article is dedicated to analysis of equation which expresses apparent Michaelis constant K(m)app) of enzyme-catalysed reactions with activator participation by means of the substrate constant K(s) and rate constant of enzyme-substrate complex decomposition k(cat). It has been shown that although it is possible to record the mechanisms of such reactions as a scheme similar to Michaelis-Menten model and to derive equation of apparent Michaelis constant as K(m(app) = K(s) + k(cat)/k(1), but this approach cannot be used for investigation of all reactions with activator participation. The equation mentioned above is not obeyed in the general case, it may be true for some mechanisms only or under certain ratio of kinetic parameters of enzyme-catalysed reactions.     

The general modifier ("allosteric") unireactant enzyme mechanism: redundant conditions for reduction of the steady state velocity equation to one that is first degree in substrate and effector

The general unireactant modifier mechanism in the absence of product can be described by the following linked reactions: E + S k1 in equilibrium k-1 ES k3----E + P; E + I k5 in equilibrium k-5 EI; EI + S k2 in equilibrium k-2 ESI k4----EI + P; and ES + I k6 in equilibrium k-6 ESI where S is a substrate and I is an effector. A full steady state treatment yields a velocity equation that is second degree in both [S] and [I]. Two different conditions (or assumptions) permit reduction of the velocity equation to one that is first degree in [S] and [I]. These are (a) that k-2k3 = k-1k4 (Frieden, C., J. Biol. Chem. 239, pp. 3522-3531, (1964)) and (b) that the I-binding reactions are at equilibrium (Reinhart, G. D., Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 224, pp. 389-401 (1983)). It is shown that each condition gives rise to the other (i.e., if the I-binding reactions are at equilibrium, then k-2k3 must equal k-1k4 and vice-versa). If one assumes equilibrium for the I-binding steps, the velocity equation derived by the method of Cha (J. Biol. Chem. 243, pp. 820-825 (1968)) is apparently second degree in [I] (Segel, I. H., Enzyme Kinetics, p. 838, Wiley-Interscience (1975)), but reduces to a first degree equation when the relationship derived by Frieden is inserted. If one starts by assuming a single equilibrium condition for I binding, e.g., k-5[EI] = k5[E][I] or k-6[ESI] = k6[ES][I], then a traditional algebraic manipulation of the remaining steady state equations provides first degree expressions for the concentrations of all enzyme species and also discloses the Frieden relationship.     

Kinetic characteristics of the ATP-pyrophosphate isotope exchange catalyzed by RNA ligase from T4 bacteriophage

The dependence of initial rate v0 of ATP--PPi exchange reaction catalyzed by RNA-ligase of bacteriophage T4 on the concentration of ATP(s), pyrophosphate (z) and Mgcl2 has been determined. The dependence of v0 on s and z described by the equation v0 = k-1k2E0/(k-1 + K2) (1 + K1/s + k2/z) has been obtained for the reaction of E + S in equilibrium ES in equilibrium E1 + Z, where E--enzyme, E1--adenylylenzyme, S--ATP, Z--pyrophosphate, K1 and K2--constants of equilibrium, k-1, k2--velocity constants of transition of ES to E + S and E1 + Z, E0--complete concentration of enzyme. The low inhibition of the ATP--PPi exchange by the acceptor A(pA)2 and donors pAp, p(Ap)3, pCp has been shown. The dependence of v0 on the concentration of MgCl2 is consent with the incorporation of only dimagnesium salts of substrates in the isotope-exchange reaction.     

On true and apparent Michaelis constants in enzymology. III. Is it linear dependence between apparent michaelis constant and limiting rate and is it possible to determine the substrate constant value using this dependence?

The Slater-Bonner method which is used for graphic determination of substrate constant (Ks) by linear dependence of apparent Michaelis constant (Km(app)) on the limiting rate (V(app)) of enzyme-catalysed reactions with activator participation has been critically analysed. It has been shown that although it is possible to record the mechanisms of such reactions as a scheme similar to Michaelis-Menten model which allow to find correlation Km(app) and V(app) as equation Km(app) = Ks + V(app)/k1[E]0 ([E]0 is a total enzyme concentration, k1 is a rate constant of enzyme-substrate complex formation from free enzyme and substrate) in order to calculate Ks and individual rate constants (k1, k(-1)), but this approach for investigation of all reactions with activator participation ought not to be used. The above equation is not obeyed in general, it may be true for some mechanisms only or under certain ratios of kinetic parameters of enzyme-catalysed reactions.