豆野螟成虫触角对植物挥发性和性信息素化合物的触角电位反应

以顺3-己烯乙酸酯为标准化合物,研究了豆野螟雌、雄成虫触角对不同浓度的植物挥发性和性信息素化合物组分的触角电位（EAG）反应.结果表明：豆野螟雌、雄成虫触角对植物挥发性气味具有强烈的EAG反应,但在大部分浓度下,雌、雄虫的反应没有显著差异.在测试的9种植物挥发性化合物中,雌、雄虫对高浓度反-2-己烯醛刺激的相对EAG反应的最大值分别达到250%和260%,且雌、雄虫触角对这种化合物的EAG反应的形状也有很大差异;但对豇豆花气味中的柏木烯和柏木脑没有明显的EAG反应.雌、雄蛾对性信息素都有明显反应,且雌、雄虫的反应存在显著差异,雄虫触角对性信息素化合物主要组分（反10,反12）-十六碳二烯醛的EAG反应的最大值达到250%,远超过雌虫反应的最大值(53%).雌、雄成虫这种神经感觉反应的差异反映了它们在感器结构、功能和行为上的差异.     

绿盲蝽气味受体基因AlucOR40的克隆及功能研究

【目的】从绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum触角中克隆气味受体基因Aluc OR40,研究该气味受体基因在绿盲蝽不同组织中的表达水平,然后对该基因的功能进行研究,为理解绿盲蝽的嗅觉识别机制提供理论基础。【方法】在绿盲蝽成虫触角转录组测序与分析的基础上,通过PCR技术克隆得到气味受体基因Aluc OR40的全长序列。用半定量RT-PCR研究该基因在雌雄虫不同组织中的表达水平。然后通过爪蟾卵母细胞体外表达该基因,并结合双电极电压钳检测了该气味受体对60种气味分子包括绿盲蝽性信息素组分和植物挥发物的反应。然后,利用触角电位技术测定羽化后3 d的绿盲蝽成虫对Aluc OR40的气味配体的触角电位反应。【结果】克隆了Aluc OR40(Gen Bank登录号:KU886190)。Aluc OR40编码398个氨基酸,蛋白具有7个跨膜结构域,N末端位于胞内,C端位于细胞外,符合昆虫气味受体的典型特征。半定量RT-PCR的结果显示,Aluc OR40在触角中特异表达,且在雄虫触角中的表达水平高于雌虫。双电极电压钳记录结果显示,Aluc OR40只对反-2-己烯醇一种气味分子具有特异反应。EAG实验结果表明,羽化后3 d的绿盲蝽雌雄虫都对反-2-己烯醇有反应,且雄虫触角的EAG反应显著高于雌虫。【结论】结果提示Aluc OR40参与了绿盲蝽对反-2-己烯醇的识别过程,推测其在绿盲蝽交配过程中雄虫对雌虫的识别中发挥作用。     

牧草盲蝽对七种寄主植物不同挥发物的EAG和行为反应

【目的】研究牧草盲蝽Lygus pmtensis对寄主植物挥发物的EAG及趋向行为反应,为研发牧草盲蝽引诱剂或趋避剂策略提供科学依据。【方法】利用固相微萃取方法收集7种寄主植物包括木地肤Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.、灰绿藜Chenopodium glaucum、花椰菜Brassica oleracea L.var.botrytis L.、小白菜Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis Makino、田旋花Convolvulus arvensis L.、小藜Chenopodium serotinum L.、番茄Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.的挥发物,通过室内气相-质谱联用系统(GC-MS)进行挥发物的定性及定量分析,最终测定了9种候选特征挥发物的触角电位(EAG)反应和嗅觉趋向行为反应。【结果】7种寄主植物共鉴定到的化合物有31种,且种类和含量有较大差异,差异显著。9种候选特征挥发物均能引起牧草盲蝽雌、雄成虫的EAG反应。其中牧草盲蝽雌、雄成虫对壬醛的EAG反应绝对值最大,雌、雄虫对不同植物挥发物质EAG反应相对值均有显著差异,且对同种化合物雌虫的反应相对值均大于雄虫的反应,乙酸顺式-3-己烯酯和壬醛引发的EAG反应值差异显著;趋向行为测定中,牧草盲蝽雌虫对壬醛、金合欢烯、α-蒎烯、1-石竹烯、乙酸顺式-3-己烯酯、2-甲基-1-醇的大部分浓度的行为反应差异显著,雄虫仅对α-蒎烯、壬醛的部分浓度的行为反应差异显著。【结论】7种寄主植物的挥发物对牧草盲蝽雌、雄成虫具有不同EAG和趋向行为反应影响,候选气味化合物可以作为设计牧草盲蝽引诱剂组分进行田间害虫防控实践。     

绿盲蝽雄虫体外挥发物研究

采用气质联用和嗅觉仪对分部解剖的绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)雄虫体外挥发物进行鉴定和生测。结果表明:绿盲蝽雄虫浸提物中的主要组分有13种,包括醇类、酸类和酯类。相对含量较高的依次有丁酸己酯、反-2-丁酸己烯酯和己醇。绿盲蝽雄虫从交配不活跃期进入活跃期,其体内的丁酸己酯、反-2-丁酸己烯酯和己醇的含量都明显变化,其中丁酸己酯和反-2-丁酸己烯酯明显增加,而己醇的含量减少,表明绿盲蝽雄虫在交配活跃期,可能有大量的丁酸己酯和反-2-丁酸己烯酯释放到体外。比较绿盲蝽雄虫的不同部位的浸提物的含量,发现丁酸己酯、反-2-丁酸己烯酯和己醇主要存在于虫体胸部。嗅觉反应测试中绿盲蝽雌虫对丁酸己酯和反-2-丁酸己烯酯有明显的趋性,同时含量很少的丁酸庚酯对雌虫有明显引诱作用。因此推测丁酸己酯、反-2-丁酸己烯酯和丁酸庚酯可能是绿盲蝽雄虫释放到体外的挥发性引诱成分,并主要由胸部内的腺体分泌。     

绿盲蝽雌虫的浸提物分析

采用浸泡法和气质联(GC-MS)用对绿盲蝽Lygus lucorum Meyer-dür雌虫不同部位的浸提物进行鉴定。结果表明:确定10种成分为绿盲蝽雌虫的浸提物中的主要组分,包括醇类,酸类和酯类。相对含量较高的依次有反-2-丁酸己烯酯、反-2-己烯醇、丁酸、顺-3-己烯醇、丁酸己酯。绿盲蝽雌虫在完成性召唤活动后,丁酸己酯、反-2-丁酸己烯酯和反-2-己烯醇的含量都明显减少,其中反-2-丁酸己烯酯从召唤前的7200ng减少到召唤后的250ng,表明在绿盲蝽雌虫性召唤活动中,有大量的反-2-丁酸己烯酯释放到体外。比较绿盲蝽雌虫的不同部位的浸提物的组分发现反-2-丁酸己烯酯主要存在于虫体胸部,占总量的89.75%,且反-2-己烯醇也主要存在于胸部。因此推测反-2-丁酸己烯酯可能是绿盲蝽雌虫的性信息素成分或组分之一,并主要由胸部内的腺体分泌。     

烟蚜茧蜂对蚜虫信息素及烟草挥发物的触角电位反应

利用触角电位(EAG)技术测定了烟蚜茧蜂(Aphididius gifuensis)对蚜虫性信息素(荆芥醇和荆芥内酯)和报警信息素(反-β-法尼烯)以及烟草挥发性物质的电生理反应.结果表明:雌蜂和雄蜂对蚜虫性信息素、报警信息素、烟草挥发物均有反应,但雌雄蜂对这些化学信息物质的嗅觉敏感性存在差异,雌蜂对荆芥醇、荆芥内酯、顺-3-己烯-1-醇、反-2-己烯醛、水杨酸甲酯和里那醇的EAG反应都大于雄峰,证明雌雄蜂在利用寄主栖境中信息化学物质方面存在不同的策略,它们分别识别了不同的有关寄主的化学指纹图;烟蚜茧蜂对烟草气味组分具有不同的敏感性,对绿叶气味组分的EAG反应要强于对萜类化合物的反应,绿叶气味组分很有可能在其寻找桃蚜的过程中发挥远距离定向作用.     

绿豆象成虫对绿豆豆荚挥发物的触角电位和行为反应

【目的】探究对绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensi有引诱作用的植物挥发性物质。【方法】采用触角电位(EAG)仪和Y型嗅觉仪分别测定了绿豆象成虫对绿豆Vigna radiata豆荚挥发物的触角电位和选择行为反应。【结果】EAG测定结果表明,已交配的绿豆象雌虫对23种绿豆豆荚挥发物的EAG反应值存在显著差异,对苯甲醛、2-己烯醛、己醛、辛醛和水杨醛5种醛类化合物的EAG反应值相对较高,其中对2-己烯醛的反应值最大,达20.68;且绿豆象成虫EAG反应值在1~100μg/μL浓度下,均随挥发物浓度的提高而增强,但已交配和未交配绿豆象雌雄成虫的EAG反应值无显著差异。行为试验发现,当5种醛类物质浓度达100μg/μL时,已交配绿豆象雌、雄成虫均对苯甲醛和2-己烯醛有显著正趋性,对己醛有显著负趋性,对辛醛和水杨醛无显著趋性。【结论】绿豆豆荚挥发物中2-己烯醛和苯甲醛与绿豆象偏爱选择密切相关。     

竹横锥大象对寄主及虫体挥发物的行为和触角电位反应

为了探明竹横锥大象Cyrtotrachelus buqueti Guerin-Meneville是否存在两性间的引诱作用,以及寄主植物慈竹Neosinocalamus affinis笋对两性行为的影响,采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了竹横锥大象雌、雄成虫对4种虫体及寄主挥发物不同处理（雌、雄成虫,慈竹笋与雌、雄成虫的复合体）的行为反应,测定了触角不同部位对雌雄成虫3种虫体的提取物（整体、鞘翅、后肠）及其与寄主植物挥发物质联合作用的触角电位反应（EAG）。结果表明：雌成虫挥发物对雄虫有较高的引诱活性,对雌虫有驱避作用;雄成虫挥发物对雌虫有一定的引诱作用。雌、雄成虫对虫体与竹笋复合体气味的行为和电生理反应均显著或极显著高于对相应虫体挥发物的反应。经EAG测定,触角各部位对虫体不同部位挥发物的EAG值差异明显,触角端部对虫体与植物挥发性物质的联合作用EAG反应差异极其显著（P＜0.01）。竹横锥大象对沾染雌雄成虫虫体提取物的玻璃棒有一定的兴奋表现,雌虫兴奋率为6.67%,雄虫为26.67%。结果提示,竹横锥大象种内存在信息素,雌虫释放的信息素对同类雄虫有很强的引诱作用,而雄虫所释放的信息素对同类雌虫有引诱作用,添加寄主植物能够增强两性间的引诱效果。     

Analysis of compounds extracted from male Apolygus lucorum

采用气质联用和嗅觉仪对分部解剖的绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür)雄虫体外挥发物进行鉴定和生测.结果表明:绿盲蝽雄虫浸提物中的主要组分有13种,包括醇类、酸类和酯类.相对含量较高的依次有丁酸已酯、反-2-丁酸已烯酯和已醇.绿盲蝽雄虫从交配不活跃期进入活跃期,其体内的丁酸已酯、反-2-丁酸已烯酯和已醇的含量都明显变化,其中丁酸已酯和反-2-丁酸已烯酯明显增加,而已醇的含量减少,表明绿盲蝽雄虫在交配活跃期,可能有大量的丁酸已酯和反-2-丁酸已烯酯释放到体外.比较绿盲蝽雄虫的不同部位的浸提物的含量,发现丁酸已酯、反-2-丁酸已烯酯和已醇主要存在于虫体胸部.嗅觉反应测试中绿盲蝽雌虫对丁酸已酯和反-2-丁酸已烯酯有明显的趋性,同时含量很少的丁酸庚酯对雌虫有明显引诱作用.因此推测丁酸已酯、反-2-丁酸已烯酯和丁酸庚酯可能是绿盲蝽雄虫释放到体外的挥发性引诱成分,并主要由胸部内的腺体分泌.     

苹褐带卷蛾成虫对主要寄主植物挥发物的触角电位反应和行为反应

【目的】苹褐带卷蛾Adoxophyes orana是危害苹果、桃、梨、枣等果树的一种重要昆虫。近年来在陕西苹果和红枣产区发生面积逐年扩大,危害日趋严重。本研究旨在明确寄主植物挥发物在苹褐带卷蛾成虫嗅觉通讯中的作用,为开发植物源引诱剂提供基础数据。【方法】利用触角电位(electroantennogram, EAG)仪测定苹褐带卷蛾2日龄未交配雌、雄成虫对51种寄主植物挥发性化合物的EAG反应;利用本实验室开发的小型蛾类昆虫嗅觉行为测试装置测定苹褐带卷蛾成虫对15种具有显著EAG反应的挥发性化合物的行为反应。【结果】EAG测试结果表明,苹褐带卷蛾成虫对不同挥发性化合物的EAG反应相对值有显著差异,雌、雄成虫对顺 3 己烯 1 醇、反 2 己烯 1 醇、1 己醇、1 庚醇、己醛、反 2 己烯醛、庚醛、辛醛、壬醛、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异戊酯和乙酸 顺 3 己烯酯的EAG反应较强。此外,雄成虫对3 甲基 1 丁醇、1 戊烯 3 醇、苯甲醛、丁酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯、三甲基巴豆酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、丙酸丁酯、异戊酸 顺 3 己烯酯、苯甲腈和柠檬腈的反应较强。在待测的51种挥发性化合物中,苹褐带卷蛾成虫对29种化合物的EAG反应具有明显性别差异,除雌虫对(-)-α-水芹烯和莰烯的EAG反应显著高于雄虫外,雌虫对其他27种挥发性化合物的EAG反应显著低于雄虫。当测试的挥发性化合物剂量在0.02~20 μg时,随剂量的增大成虫的EAG反应变化不明显;当挥发物剂量在20~200 μg时,成虫的EAG反应随剂量的增大显著升高。嗅觉行为选择试验结果表明,雌成虫对己醛、庚醛、辛醛和乙酸 顺 3 己烯酯有明显的趋性,选择率均高于58%;雄成虫对1 己醇、庚醛、乙酸异戊酯和苯甲腈有明显的趋性。【结论】苹褐带卷蛾未交配雄成虫对寄主植物挥发性化合物的EAG反应较未交配雌成虫灵敏,1 己醇、己醛、庚醛、辛醛、乙酸 顺 3 己烯酯、乙酸异戊酯和苯甲腈对苹褐带卷蛾雌蛾或雄蛾具有明显的吸引作用,可以用于开发该害虫的植物源引诱剂。     

绿盲蝽气味结合蛋白AlucOBP7的表达及气味结合特性

气味结合蛋白(odorant binding proteins, OBPs) 在昆虫嗅觉识别中起着重要的作用, 尤其是在运输外界脂溶性气味分子通过嗅觉感器淋巴液到达嗅觉受体(olfactory receptors, ORs)的过程中发挥关键作用。明确OBPs在昆虫同外界进行信息交流过程中的作用有利于阐明昆虫嗅觉识别的机制, 同时可为利用干扰昆虫嗅觉识别来进行害虫防治奠定理论基础。本研究克隆了一个绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür)气味结合蛋白AlucOBP7基因（GenBank登录号: JQ675724）, 并进行了原核表达, 以1-NPN为荧光探针采用荧光竞争结合实验研究了AlucOBP7蛋白和10种棉花挥发物及 6种性信息素类似物的结合能力。结果表明： 在10种棉花挥发物中, AlucOBP7能够和2 己酮及水杨酸甲酯有效结合, 结合常数分别为55.13 μmol/L和28.26 μmol/L。在6种盲蝽性信息素类似物中, 4-氧代-反-2-己烯醛和AlucOBP7 具有较强的结合能力, 结合常数为23.14 μmol/L。丁酸乙酯、 丁酸丁酯及己酸己酯也能够和AlucOBP7 有效结合, 但结合能力中等, 结合常数分别为30.58, 39.26和35.81 μmol/L。初步推测, AlucOBP7 可能是绿盲蝽性信息素结合蛋白(pheromone binding proteins, PBPs), 并在感受性信息素和植物挥发物的过程中发挥双重功能。     

Electroantennogram responses of the three migratory forms of the damson-hop aphid, Phorodon humuli, to aphid pheromones and plant volatiles

Electroantennogram (EAG) responses were recorded from alate fundatrigeniae (spring migrants), gynoparae (the winged female form that produces sexual females) and males, the three migratory forms of the damson-hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Schrank). EAG responses of gynoparae and males showed typical dose response characteristics to (E)-2-hexenal, (-)-R-carvone, hexanenitrile and (1RS,4aR,7S,7aS)-nepetalactol, the sex pheromone of this species. The 34 plant volatiles elicited broadly similar EAG response profiles in the three migratory forms. Green leaf volatiles produced large responses in all forms; however, the relative order of responsiveness varied. EAG responses to isomers of the monoterpene carvone differed between forms, with males being most, and spring migrants least, responsive. The hop-plant volatile and aphid alarm pheromone, (E)-beta-farnesene, evoked similar EAG responses in all forms. By contrast, males were most responsive to the three sex pheromone components, (-)-(4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol, (+)-(4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone and (1RS,4aR,7S,7aS)-nepetalactol. Males were no more responsive to their own sex pheromone, (1RS,4aR,7S,7aS)-nepetalactol, than to the other aphid sex pheromone components tested. Spring migrants and gynoparae also responded to the three sex pheromone components. This study indicates that migratory forms of P. humuli detect a wide range of volatile compounds, and that they are equally well-adapted for the detection of volatiles associated with host and non-host plants and with other species of aphid.     

Electroantennogram responses of Plutella xylostella (L.), to sex pheromone components and host plant volatile semiochemicals

The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a notorious insect pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. Attract-and-kill strategies to manage the DBM based on insect pheromone and plant volatile semiochemicals have been explored and partially applied in the field. However, little is known about whether the attractant effects of insect pheromone and host plant volatile semiochemicals on insects are affected by insect age or volatile concentrations. Therefore, we examined the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of both DBM males and females varying in age and body size to a range of concentrations of seven host plant volatiles and two main female sex pheromone components. Our results showed that DBM age had no influence on EAG responses to trans-2-Hexenal, trans-2-Hexenol, Heptanal, cis-3-Hexen-1-ol and Z11-16:Ald and significantly influenced the EAG responses to Z11-16:Ac and three isothiocyanates. Age and sex had interaction effects on EAG responses of DBMs to some tested semiochemicals. DBM females had significantly stronger responses than males to all tested plant volatiles, and values were enhanced with increasing concentrations. Moreover, the degree of enhancement of EAG responses in females was larger than that in males for trans-2-Hexenal, trans-2-Hexenol, cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, 2-Phenylethyl isothiocyanate and Methyl isothiocyanate treatments. Body size seemed to have no influence on EAG responses. Our results might provide a theoretical basis for optimizing attract-and-kill strategies for insect pests.     

棉铃虫Helicverpa armigera对性外激素和植物气味物质的嗅觉反应(英文)

本文用EAG技术研究棉铃虫对性外激素和植物气味物质的嗅觉反应。供试的气味物质有棉铃虫性外激素的二种主要组分和36种与棉铃虫寄主植物有关的植物气味物质。试验结果表明：1）只有棉铃虫雄蛾对性外激素组分产生反应,二种性外激素的组分中,Z-11-16：AL能引起较强的EAG反应。2）对植物气味物质,雌雄棉铃虫之间的嗅觉反应没有明显的差异。棉铃虫对性外激素和植物气味组分的嗅觉感受过程是一个有选择性的感受过程：不同种类的气味物质能引起不同的EAG反应。只有棉铃虫雄蛾才对性外激素组分起反应,在二种性外激素组分中：主要组分：Z-11-16：AL引起的EAG反应最高,高于大多数植物气味物质。次要组分Z-9-16：AL引起的EAG反应很弱。雌、雄棉铃虫对植物气味组分的嗅觉反应的选择性表现出一致的规律：对苯甲醛和绿叶气味物质的反应最高。单萜类中的萜烯衍生物（萜类醇、醛、酯等）的触角电位反应次之。棉铃虫对大多数的供试化合物的EAG反应都很小。最后,作者讨论了性外激素和植物气味物质对棉铃虫行为的作用。     

Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of Microplitis croceipes and Cotesia marginiventris and their lepidopteran hosts to a wide array of odor stimuli: Correlation between EAG response and degree of host specificity?

In order to test whether the electroantennogram (EAG) response spectrum of an insect correlates to its degree of host specificity, we recorded EAG responses of two parasitoid species with different degrees of host specificity, Microplitis croceipes (specialist) and Cotesia marginiventris (generalist), to a wide array of odor stimuli including compounds representing green leaf volatiles (GLVs), herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV), ecologically irrelevant (not used by the parasitoid species and their hosts for host location) plant volatiles, and host-specific odor stimuli (host sex pheromones, and extracts of host caterpillar body and frass). We also tested the EAG responses of female moths of the caterpillar hosts of the parasitoids, Heliothis virescens and Spodoptera exigua, to some of the odor stimuli. We hypothesized that the specialist parasitoid will have a narrower EAG response spectrum than the generalist, and that the two lepidopteran species, which are similar in their host plant use, will show similar EAG response spectra to plant volatiles. As predicted, the specialist parasitoid showed greater EAG responses than the generalist to host-specific odor and one HIPV (cis-3-hexenyl butyrate), whereas the generalist showed relatively greater EAG responses to the GLVs and unrelated plant volatiles. We detected no differences in the EAG responses of H. virescens and S. exigua to any of the tested odor.     

Electroantennogram responses of Apanteles obliquae (Hym., Braconidae) to various infochemicals

Abstract:   The electroantennogram recording technique (EAG) was used to study the olfactory sensitivity of Apanteles obliquae (Hym., Braconidae), a gregarious larval endoparasitoid of Spilosoma obliqua (Walker) (Lep., Arctiidae), to 25 general plant volatiles belonging to alcohol, aldehyde and terpenoid groups and also to volatiles from the host and plant–host complex. The EAG data indicated different olfactory sensitivity between the sexes, not only to individual plant volatiles but also to the volatiles from host and plant–host complex. Females were found to be more responsive than males. However the synthetic sex pheromone blend of the host insect elicited similar EAG responses in both sexes. The EAG data of the present study is correlated with the reported behaviour observed in other parasitoids.     

Differential electroantennogram response of females and males of two parasitoid species to host-related green leaf volatiles and inducible compounds

Parasitoids employ different types of host-related volatile signals for foraging and host-location. Host-related volatile signals can be plant-based, originate from the herbivore host or produced from an interaction between herbivores and their plant host. In order to investigate potential sex- and species-related differences in the antennal response of parasitoids to different host-related volatiles, we compared the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of both sexes of the specialist parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), and the generalist, Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson), to varying doses of selected plant-based host-related volatiles: two green leaf volatiles (cis-3-hexenol and hexanal) and three inducible compounds (cis-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool, and (E,E)-alpha-farnesene). Mating had no significant effect on EAG response. Females of both species showed significantly greater EAG responses than conspecific males to green leaf volatiles, which are released immediately after initiation of herbivore feeding damage. In contrast, males showed greater responses than conspecific females to inducible compounds released much later after initial damage. Cotesia marginiventris females and males showed greater EAG responses than counterpart M. croceipes to the tested compounds at various doses, suggesting that the generalist parasitoid shows greater antennal sensitivity than the specialist to the tested host-plant volatiles. These results are discussed in relation to the possible roles of green leaf volatiles and inducible compounds in the ecology of female and male parasitoids.     

OLFACTORY RESPONSES OF COTTON BOLLWORM,HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA TO SEX PHEROMONE AND PLANT VOLATILE COMPONENTS*

Abstract Electroantennograms (EAGs) were recorded from unmated, laboratory-reared male and female Helicover pa armigera (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) adults to two sex pheromone components and a range of plant volatile components, some of which are known volatiles from leaves and fruits. The female-produced sex pheromone was not detected by other female moths. The sex pheromone components to which male moths responded previously show to possess biological activity. As for plant volatile components, a large degree of EAG response uniformity between male and female moth was observed. The greatest EAG responses of all plant volatiles tested were elicited by monoenic C-6 alcohol and aldehyde. They are constituents of the “general green-leaf odor” that emanates from most plants. The potential adaptive benefit of selective perception to sex pheromone and green-leaf volatile components is discussed.     

Role of plant volatiles in host plant location of the leafminer, Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Abstract The role of plant volatiles in host plant location of the leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard was studied. Four types of antennal sensilla were identified on the funiculus by scanning electron microscopy: trichoid, basiconic, clavate and grooved sensilla. An olfactory pit, containing groups of sensilla, was present on the ventral side of the funiculus. No sexual difference was detected in sensilla diversity and distribution. In behavioural assays, both males and females were attracted by the odour of the bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. They had distinct EAG responses to the bean odour. No significant sexual difference was found in behaviour or EAG responses.
Electroantennograms were recorded from female L. sativae to 14 plant volatile compounds. The most distinct EAG responses were obtained for: (1) the general green leaf volatiles 1-hexanol (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, (E)-3-hexen-1-ol and its isomers, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, the acetate (E)-3-hexenylacetate and the aldehyde hexanal; and (2) limonene, a compound associated with tomato, which is a key host plant of this insect. Other volatile compounds associated with host plants, such as α-pinene, myrcene, β-caryophyllene, and eugenol did not elicit responses. The ability of this insect to locate a host plant appears to be augmented by the perception of a combination of host-specific and general green leaf volatiles. A modification of the EAG recording method of Dipteran species was provided.     

Comparison of the olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric steppe grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to plant volatile compounds

Two Oedipodinae grasshopper species Oedaleus decorus asiaticus B.-Bienko and Angaracris baraben-sis Pall. (Orthoptera: Acrididae) are important pests on the natural grasslands in Inner Mongolia and often require insecticide treatment during outbreaks[1]. They both prefer overgrazed steppes and xerophytous habi-tats, and have thus been suggested as indicator species for steppe deterioration in typical steppe zones of In-ner Mongolia[2]. The two species have a sympatric distribution and sync…