急性一氧化碳中毒131例临床分析

目的：探讨急性一氧化碳中毒（ACOP）患者的发病特点、临床表现及其对预后的影响。方法：回顾性分析2006年1月一2011年12月我院收治的131例ACOP患者,将其按病情的严重程度分为轻、中、重度3组,比较各组的发病原因和临床表现。结果：接触时间、基础疾病、血清肌酸激酶（CK）、昏迷时间在3组间差异有显著性（P〈0．01）,年龄、性别、中毒原因方面3组间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。迟发性脑病组和无迟发性脑病组在年龄、基础疾病、并发症、接触时间、昏迷时间、CK方面差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;而在性别、中毒原因方面差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：对于ACOP患者而言,接触时间长、伴有基础疾病、昏迷时间长、CK高不仅提示病情的严重程度,更是迟发性脑病的易患因素。而高压氧治疗是ACOP的首选及有效的治疗方法。     

奥拉西坦联合高压氧治疗重度一氧化碳中毒的疗效及对血清LPA、H-FABP及认知功能的影响

目的:探讨奥拉西坦联合高压氧治疗重度一氧化碳中毒的疗效及对血清溶血磷脂酸(LPA)、心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)及认知功能的影响。方法:选择2016年1月-2018年1月我院收治的重度一氧化碳中毒患者90例进行研究,以随机数表法分为观察组(n=48)和对照组(n=42)。对照组给予高压氧治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用奥拉西坦治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、血清LPA、H-FABP、认知能力、住院时间、迟发性脑病发生率。结果:两组总有效率分别为93.75%、76.19%,差异显著(P0.05);治疗前,两组血清LPA、H-FABP水平无显著性差异;治疗后,两组血清LPA、H-FABP均显著下降,且观察组血清LPA、H-FAB P水平低于对照组,(P0.05);治疗前,两组患者认知功能无显著性差异;治疗后,两组认知功能较治疗前均显著升高(P0.05),且观察组定向力、记忆力、注意力、语言能力水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者住院时间、迟发性脑病发生率均显著低于对照组,差异显著(P0.05)。结论:在重度一氧化碳中毒患者中应用奥拉西坦联合高压氧效果显著,可有效改善患者血清LPA、H-FABP水平及认知功能。     

七叶皂苷钠对一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病大鼠模型细胞凋亡 及调控凋亡基因表达的影响

目的:探讨七叶皂苷钠对一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病大鼠模型细胞凋亡及Caspase-3表达的影响。方法:将30只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病大鼠模型对照组和七叶皂苷钠治疗组,原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡,免疫组化法检测Caspase-3的表达。结果:治疗组大鼠脑细胞凋亡率及Caspase-3表达较迟发性脑病对照组显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:七叶皂苷钠对一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病的脑保护作用机制可能与干预脑细胞凋亡相关基因表达并减少神经细胞凋亡有关。     

急性有机磷农药中毒患者血清心肌酶学及C反应蛋白变化的临床意义

目的 探讨急性有机磷农药中毒(AOPP)患者血清酶学及C反应蛋白(CRP)变化与心肌组织损伤、中毒程度及预后因素的关系.方法 按患者入院时中毒的程度分为轻度、中度、重度中毒组,比较正常对照组与中毒各组之间血清心肌酶及CRP水平;根据MODS诊断标准分为MODS组和非MODS组,比较正常对照组与MODS组、非MODS组血清心肌酶及CRP水平,比较MODS组与非MODS组两组之间血清心肌酶及CRP水平.结果 中毒各组血清酶学及CRP水平与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001);重度中毒组患者血清酶学及CRP水平与轻度、中度中毒组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).MODS组和非MODS组血清酶学及CRP水平与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01,P＜0.001);MODS组血清酶学及CRP水平与非MODS组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001).结论 AOPP患者出现心肌损伤是必然的疾病进程,中毒程度越深,病情程度越重,其血清心肌酶学及CRP水平升高越明显;CRP水平升高越明显,MODS的发生率越高,病情越严重;AOPP患者血清心肌酶学水平与中毒后MODS的发生关系密切.     

次声暴露对大鼠脾、肝脏某些酶活性的影响

目的:观察8 Hz,130 dB次声暴露不同时间对大鼠脾、肝脏某些酶活性的影响.方法:35只SD大鼠随机分为5组,即对照组,1周,2周,3周,4周组.每天次声暴露1次,每次2 h.实验后,观察大鼠脾、肝脏组织中MAO,GSH-px,SOD活性和MDA含量的变化.结果:大鼠脾脏MAO活性1周,2周时显著增高(P＜0.01),3周下降,4周时又显著增加(P＜0.05).肝脏组织MAO活性变化不明显(P＞0.05).脾脏组织中GSH-px活性在4周时明显增高(P＜0.05),肝脏组织中GSH-px活性在1周时就有显著性增高(P＜0.05).脾脏SOD活性在1周至4周均有显著性增高(P＜0.05).肝脏组织在实验期变化不明显(P＞0.05).脾脏组织中MDA含量在3周至4周时有显著性增高(P＜0.05).肝脏组织在1至2周时有非常显著的增高(P＜0.01),在3周时下降,到4周时又显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:8Hz,130 dB次声暴露,大鼠脾、肝脏组织活性氧自由基、脂质过氧化物增高,抗氧化能力降低,造成对组织的损伤.     

婴儿肝炎综合征甲状腺素与Child-Pugh分级的关系

目的:肝脏是甲状腺激素降解、排泄及转化的场所,参与甲状腺结合球蛋白的合成.肝脏及肝脏疾病与甲状腺激素关系方面的文献很多,但有关婴儿肝炎综合征(infantile hepatitis syndrome,IHS)甲状腺素水平的报道很少.本文研究IHS患儿血清甲状腺素水平与Child-Pugh肝功能分级的关系,探讨甲状腺素水平对于指导肝功能的分级、评价肝脏储备功能及其预后的临床意义.方法:收集住院的IHS患儿38例,选择20例健康儿作为正常对照组.应用放射免疫法检测各组血清促甲状腺素(TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平.检测IHS患儿血清白蛋白(ALB)、总胆红素(TBIL)、凝血酶原时间(PT),并记录腹水、肝性脑病等临床情况,按成人Child-Pugh分级标准,将患儿分为A、B、C三级,并将Child-Pugh积分与其甲状腺功能各指标做相关性分析.结果:1、IHS组患儿血清FT3、FT4水平显著低于正常对照组(P＜0.05),TSH水平高于正常对照组水平(P＜0.05);FT3、FT4水平随Child-Pugh积分增加而下降,A、B、C三级组间比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);TSH水平在三级组间无统计学差异(P＞0.05).2、HIS患儿的血清FT3、FT4水平与Child-Pugh积分呈负相关(r=-0.619～-0.80,P＜0.01),与TSH无相关性(P＞0.05).结论:本研究结果显示婴儿肝炎综合征患儿的血清FT3、FT4水平降低,且与其肝脏受损程度有明显的相关性,因此检测血清FT3、FT4水平,对正确评估婴儿肝炎综合征病情严重程度及其预后具有重要的参考价值.     

颅脑外伤患者血浆内毒素检测的临床意义

目的 探讨内毒素检测对颅脑外伤的临床意义.方法 选取151例颅脑外伤和颅脑疾病患者,采用鲎试验动态比浊法检测血浆内毒素,同时检查ALT、AST、CHE、CRP等生化项目指标,分析检测结果的相互关系和临床意义.结果 颅脑外伤组患者的内毒素、CRP结果高于颅脑疾病对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P=0.034,0.038);颅脑外伤组患者的昏迷指数低于颅脑疾病对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P=0.038),其余两组检测结果差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组的内毒素检测结果与昏迷指数、CHE有负相关性(Pearson值=-0.293,-0.300),差异有统计学意义(P =0.001).结论 检测血浆内毒素含量可有效评估颅脑疾病患者病情严重程度,降低内毒素水平可防止并发症发生加重疾病.     

急性一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病发病机制的研究进展

一氧化碳(CO)中毒是我国冬春季节常见的窒息性气体中毒。CO中毒迟发性脑病是CO中毒后的严重神经系统后遗症，其发病机制复杂，目前仍未十分明确。本文对近年来CO中毒迟发性脑病发病机制的研究结果作一综述，为临床诊疗工作提供帮助。     

急性乐果中毒临床对比研究

目的探讨急性乐果中毒的临床特点,为临床救治提供的依据。方法选取急性乐果中毒(ARP)与同期非乐果急性有机磷中毒(NAOPP)进行对比研究。结果ARP与NAOPP比较,前者在阿托品治疗维持时间和CHE活性恢复时间均比后者长(均P0.01),反跳和治愈率均比后者高(均P0.05)。结论急性乐果中毒CHE活性恢复时间慢,对阿托品耐受量大,应用时间长,容易反跳,且治愈率低。     

细胞核CaMK和Calcineurin 对大鼠心肌肥厚发生的作用

目的:研究大鼠心肌肥厚时,钙依赖的蛋白激酶和蛋白磷酸酶在心肌细胞膜、细胞浆和细胞核的分布规律,以探讨核钙信号与核反应在心肌肥厚发生过程中的病理生理意义.方法:制备腹主动脉缩窄大鼠心肌肥厚模型,同位素32P掺入法分别测定心肌细胞核、细胞浆和细胞膜的蛋白激酶活性及用无机磷生成显色法测定其蛋白磷酸酶活性.结果:腹主动脉缩窄术后4周大鼠心肌显著肥厚,伴有明显的血液动力学异常.与正常对照组相比较,腹主动脉缩窄心肌肥厚组心肌细胞核钙调素蛋白激酶(CaMK)活性增加101.1%(P＜0.01),其膜的酶活性升高40.2%(P＜0.01),而胞浆的酶活性不变(P＞0.05);心肌细胞核钙调神经磷酸酶(Calcineurin)活性增加43.6%(P＜0.05),膜和胞浆中其活性增加无显著性(P＞0.05).正常组和腹主动脉缩窄心肌肥厚组心肌细胞CaMK和Calcineurin活性分布为核＞膜＞胞浆(P＜0.01).结论:腹主动脉缩窄心肌肥厚时核内钙依赖的CaMK和Calcineurin活性增加,提示压力超负荷时细胞核内钙调节的蛋白磷酸化和去磷酸化水平增高,可能在介导心肌肥厚的发生中起重要作用.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。