赤霉素发酵溶氧优化调控研究

为了解溶氧对赤霉素发酵过程影响以及相应工艺优化,采用不同溶氧条件下藤仓赤霉菌Gibberella fujikuroi分批发酵生产赤霉素的过程进行菌丝浓度、残糖浓度和GA3产物浓度检测,并微分运算得出比生长速率与比产物合成速率随发酵时间变化,分析了溶氧对比生长速率与比产物合成速率以及得率的影响,进而提出Gibberella fujikuroi发酵高产的溶氧控制策略:在发酵初始阶段(0–50h)控制溶氧30%左右,以维持较高的菌体生长速率;发酵中后期(50–184h),溶氧控制在15%,以获取菌丝持续较高的GA3合成速率能力。采用这一优化溶氧控制策略,发酵过程中最大菌丝浓度19.24g/L、最终赤霉素浓度2 180mg/L和平均比产物合成速率0.616mg/(g·h),比未优化前发酵分别提高了8.33%、13.25%和4.58%,表明所采取的分阶段溶氧控制策略对促进GA3生产有效。     

溶氧对L-苏氨酸发酵的影响

探索溶氧对L-苏氨酸发酵过程的影响及其控制方法。通过摇瓶装液量试验、不同溶氧控制方式考察发酵过程中溶氧对L-苏氨酸合成的影响。采用补料分批发酵工艺发酵L-苏氨酸,利用氨基酸分析仪测定发酵液中L-苏氨酸的产量,通过10L罐补料分批发酵36h,产酸可达118.9g/L,糖酸转化率为47.6%。可以得出溶氧对L-苏氨酸生物合成有重要影响,并建立了最佳溶氧控制条件。     

低糖流加法生产L-缬氨酸发酵工艺条件的研究

研究了糖浓度对L -缬氨酸产生菌 (Brevibacteriumflavum)Apv- 2菌积累L -缬氨酸的影响 ,通过三十吨发酵罐发酵工艺条件的试验 ,在合适的外界条件下 ,确定了该菌种发酵L -缬氨酸的最佳初糖浓度和补糖浓度 ,在初糖质量浓度为 3.5 %～ 4 .5 %时 ,发酵至 16h开始连续流加葡萄糖 ,维持发酵培养基中残糖质量浓度为 1.2 %～ 1.5 % ,经过 4 8h左右发酵 ,L -缬氨酸发酵产酸率 3.3%～ 3.5 %。     

L-缬氨酸的发酵工艺研究

目的:以黄色短杆菌XV0505为生产菌株,探讨发酵培养基和发酵控制条件对L-缬氨酸的产量和糖酸转化率的影响。方法:应用单因素实验确定发酵的工艺条件;利用纸层析-色斑洗脱比色法测定发酵液中L-缬氨酸的含量。结果:在最优发酵条件下,通过10L罐流加发酵72h,产酸量可达53.4g/L,糖酸转化率为26.7%,分别比补料分批发酵提高11.9%和3.5%。结论:环境因子和发酵控制工艺对发酵生产L-缬氨酸具有重要影响。     

L-谷氨酸补料分批发酵的研究

对谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacteriuin glutamicum)HCJ46产L-谷氨酸的补料分批发酵条件进行研究.结果表明:最适初糖质量浓度和最佳残糖维持质量浓度分别为100和(10～20)g/L;对发酵控温方式进行研究,确定了最佳温度控制策略为0～8h维持32℃,8～16h维持34℃、16～32h维持36℃,同时发现相对溶氧控制在30%左右时产酸最高.在以上的优化条件下,L-谷氨酸产量从72g/L提高到95g/L,提高了31.9%.     

混菌发酵生产γ-聚谷氨酸的工艺条件优化

采用谷氨酸棒杆菌S9114和枯草芽胞杆菌NTG-4在10 L自控发酵罐上进行混菌发酵,探索混菌发酵生产γ-聚谷氨酸的可行性并进行工艺优化。结果表明:温度、接种量、pH及溶氧对聚谷氨酸发酵有较大影响,发酵前期维持32℃,6 h提温至37℃变温控制,谷氨酸棒杆菌和枯草芽胞杆菌接种量分别为5%和0.5%,pH 7.0,溶氧20%最有利于γ-聚谷氨酸发酵,在此条件下发酵32 hγ-聚谷氨酸最高产量为38.3 g/L。     

溶氧对杀菌肽-X发酵工艺的影响

本研究采用 30L自动控制发酵罐研究了重组杀菌肽 X工程菌的基本发酵条件。经 12h发酵培养 ,发酵培养基中氨苄青霉素浓度为 0和 100μg/mL时 ,包涵体得率基本一致 ,干重分别为1.24和1.20g L ;控制溶氧为 20%～30%和溶氧自然变化 (转速分别为 250和150r/min)的条件下 ,包涵体得率有较大差异 ,干重分别为0.05、0.71和1.24g L。在较优化的发酵条件下 ,目的融合蛋白的表达量占菌体总蛋白的 45%～50%。     

产生L-异亮氨酸的黄色短杆菌的代谢途径分析

目的:代谢工程要解决的主要问题是改变某些途径中的碳架物质流量或改变碳架物质流在不同途径中的流量分布,其目标就是修饰初级代谢,将碳架物质流导入目的产物的载流途径,以获得产物的最大转化率。方法:利用途径分析方法对黄色短杆菌生产L-异亮氨酸的途径进行了分析。结果:建立了9种基础模型,确定L-异亮氨酸理论最高摩尔产率是1;确定了黄色短杆菌生产L-异亮氨酸的最佳途径的通量分布,并以此为依据进行发酵溶氧控制优化,溶氧分阶段控制发酵生产L-异亮氨酸比溶氧恒定控制方式发酵的产率提高了8.2%。结论:根据途径分析结果,通过改变发酵过程有关参数,可使目的产物产率得到提高。     

L-缬氨酸高产菌株的选育研究

以产L-缬氨酸的谷氨酸棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)为原始菌株,利用注入低能氮离子束进行一系列诱变,获得一株稳定的高产L-缬氨酸突变菌株。摇瓶培养96h后发酵能力可达38.0g·L-1,较出发菌株提高18.01%。通过对摇瓶中葡萄糖、玉米浆浓度及培养条件进行优化,发酵能力达到40.6g·L-1,50L发酵罐的发酵能力可达70g·L-1左右。     

基于途径分析的L-异亮氨酸发酵溶氧控制研究

利用途径分析方法对黄色短杆菌（Brevibacterium flavum）TC-21 生产L-异亮氨酸的途径进行了分析,确定了黄色短杆菌TC-21生产L-异亮氨酸的最佳途径的通量分布,根据途径分析的结果,TCA循环的代谢流量对L-异亮氨酸产量有明显影响,而TCA循环与发酵过程中的溶氧密切相关,因此可以通过控制溶氧来提高L-异亮氨酸产量。在发酵过程的不同阶段,根据菌体生长和产酸的需求,改变TCA代谢流量,可以有效提高产酸率。实验证明,通过溶氧分阶段控制发酵生产L-异亮氨酸,比溶氧恒定控制方式发酵产率提高了15.77％。实验结果说明,用途径分析的结果指导发酵过程中的溶氧可以大幅度提高L-异亮氨酸的产量。     

Two-stage oxygen supply strategy for enhanced lipase production by Bacillus subtilis based on metabolic flux analysis

Lipase production by Bacillus subtilis CICC20034 was assessed by metabolic flux distribution analysis. Lipase production was tested under various oxygen supply conditions in a synthetic medium to obtain the optimal oxygen supply profile. Based on the metabolic flux analysis, a two-stage oxygen supply strategy (TOS) that maintained high oxygen supply conditions during early fermentation phase, and then step-wisely reduced aeration to keep a stable, smooth, and adequate changing dissolved oxygen (DO) level profile throughout the production phases was carried out. With the proposed control strategy, the final lipase activity in batch fermentation significantly increased and reached a high level at 0.56 U/ml, corresponding to a 51% increase. The relevant metabolic flux analysis verified the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. By applying TOS in composite medium, the final lipase activity reached 5.0 U/ml.     

Improved production of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas</Emphasis> sp. ECU1011 acetyl esterase by medium design and fed-batch fermentation

We optimized culture medium and batch-fed fermentation conditions to enhance production of an acetyl esterase from Pseudomonas sp. ECU1011 (PSAE). This enzyme enantioselectively deacetylates α-acetoxyphenylacetic acid. The medium was redesigned by single-factor and statistical optimization. The addition of ZnSO₄ enhanced enzyme production by 37%. Yeast extract concentration was directly associated with the enzyme production. The fermentation was scaled up in a 5-l fermenter with the optimized medium, and the correlations between enzyme production and dissolved oxygen, pH, and feeding strategy were investigated. The fermentation process was highly oxygen-demanding, pH sensitive and mandelic acid-inducible. The fermentation pH was controlled at 7.5 by a pH and dissolved oxygen feedback strategy. Feeding mandelic acid as both a pH regulator and an enzyme inducer increased the enzyme production by 23%. The results of the medium redesign experiments were confirmed and explained in fed-batch culture experiments. Mathematical models describing the fermentation processes indicated that the enzyme production was strongly associated with cell growth. The optimized pH and dissolved oxygen stat fed-batch process resulted high volumetric production of PSAE (4166 U/l, 7.2-fold higher than the initial) without enantioselectivity decline. This process has potential applications for industrial production of chiral mandelic acid or its derivatives.     

氧载体对L—天冬酰胺酶发酵过程影响的研究

以抗癌药物Ｌ天冬酰胺酶生产为应用背景,针对发酵过程中存在严重耗氧问题,研究了氧载体对发酵过程的影响。通过对几种氧载体的筛选,认为正十二烷最适合于该发酵过程。随后以产物Ｌ天冬酰胺酶活性、菌体浓度以及溶氧水平为主要指标,考察了氧载体在发酵过程中的作用,实验表明,发酵基质中５％正十二烷的添加量为最佳浓度,这种氧载体的加入,明显地提高了发酵介质中的溶氧水平,改善了供氧条件,增加了菌体浓度,提高了Ｌ天冬酰胺酶发酵水平,在优化条件下,可使发酵液最终酶活提高２１％左右     

Carotenoids production in different culture conditions by Sporidiobolus pararoseus

Carotenoids produced by Sporidiobolus pararoseus were studied. It was found that biomass was connected with carbon source, temperature, and pH, but carotenoids proportion was seriously influenced by dissolved oxygen and nitrogen source. Different carotenoids could be obtained by using selected optimum conditions. In the end we established the strategies to produce β-carotene or torulene. Fed-batch fermentation in fermentor was used to prove the authenticity of our conclusions. The cell biomass, β-carotene content, and β-carotene proportion could reach 56.32?g/L, 18.92?mg/L and 60.43%, respectively, by using corn steep liquor at 0-5% of dissolved oxygen saturation. β-Carotene content was 271% higher than before this addition. The cell biomass, torulene content, and torulene proportion could reach 62.47?g/L, 31.74?mg/L, and 70.41%, respectively, by using yeast extract at 30-35% of dissolved oxygen saturation. Torulene content was 152% higher than before this addition. The strategy for enhancing specific carotenoid production by selected fermentation conditions may provide an alternative approach to enhance carotenoid production with other strains.     

A two-stage oxygen supply strategy for enhanced l-arginine production by Corynebacterium crenatum based on metabolic fluxes analysis

In this study, the metabolic flux distribution analysis of a new l-arginine (Arg) overproducing strain, Corynebacterium crenatum, was carried out under various oxygen supply conditions in order to explore the optimized oxygen supply profile. The metabolic flux analysis indicated that a relatively higher l-arginine production could be obtained under high oxygen supply (HOS) condition overall. However, during the late fermentation phases, a much more stable l-arginine production could be rather achieved under medium oxygen supply (MOS) condition. As a result, a two-stage oxygen supply strategy, which maintained HOS condition during early fermentation phase, and then step-wisely reduced agitation to keep a stable, smooth and moderate dissolve oxygen levels (DO) changing profile throughout the production phases, was proposed. With the proposed control strategy, the final l-arginine concentration of the batch fermentation was largely increased and reached to a high level of 36.6 g L^?1, which was 16% and 51% higher than those obtained under the HOS and MOS conditions. The two-stage oxygen supply strategy could also accelerate glucose consumption rate and thus shorten fermentation time under the same batch initial fermentation condition. The relevant metabolic flux analysis verified the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.     

CAROTENOIDS PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT CULTURE CONDITIONS BY Sporidiobolus pararoseus

Carotenoids produced by Sporidiobolus pararoseus were studied. It was found that biomass was connected with carbon source, temperature, and pH, but carotenoids proportion was seriously influenced by dissolved oxygen and nitrogen source. Different carotenoids could be obtained by using selected optimum conditions. In the end we established the strategies to produce β-carotene or torulene. Fed-batch fermentation in fermentor was used to prove the authenticity of our conclusions. The cell biomass, β-carotene content, and β-carotene proportion could reach 56.32 g/L, 18.92 mg/L and 60.43%, respectively, by using corn steep liquor at 0–5% of dissolved oxygen saturation. β-Carotene content was 271% higher than before this addition. The cell biomass, torulene content, and torulene proportion could reach 62.47 g/L, 31.74 mg/L, and 70.41%, respectively, by using yeast extract at 30–35% of dissolved oxygen saturation. Torulene content was 152% higher than before this addition. The strategy for enhancing specific carotenoid production by selected fermentation conditions may provide an alternative approach to enhance carotenoid production with other strains.     

Oxygen supply in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus thuringiensis</Emphasis> fermentations: bringing new insights on their impact on sporulation and δ-endotoxin production

The growth kinetics, sporulation, and toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis were evaluated through the analysis of batch cultures with different dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles. Firstly, DO was maintained constant at 5%, 20%, or 50% throughout fermentation in order to identify the most suitable one to improve the main process parameters. Higher biomass concentration, cell productivity, and cell yield based on glucose were obtained with 50% DO. The higher aeration level also resulted in higher spore counts and markedly improved the toxic activity of the fermentation broth, which was 9-fold greater than that obtained with 5% DO (LC₅₀ of 39 and 329 mg/L, respectively). Subsequently, using a two-stage oxygen supply strategy, DO was kept at 50% during the vegetative and transition phases until the maximum cell concentration was achieved. Then, DO was changed to 0%, 5%, 20%, or 100% throughout sporulation and cell lysis phases. The interruption of oxygen supply strongly reduced the spore production and thoroughly repressed the toxin synthesis. On the contrary, when DO was raised to 100% of saturation, toxic activity increased approximately four times (LC₅₀ of 8.2 mg/L) in comparison with the mean values reached with lower DO levels, even though spore counts were lower than that from the 50% DO assay. When pure oxygen was used instead of normal air, it was possible to obtain 70% of the total biomass concentration achieved in the air assays; however, cultures did not sporulate and the toxin synthesis was consequently suppressed.