长爪沙鼠腹腔巨噬细胞对流行性出血热病毒的敏感性

本文就长爪沙鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(MΦ)对流行性出血热病毒(EHFV)的敏感性进行了试验,用3株野鼠型(A9、R3、76-118)和1株家鼠型EHFV(R22),并用对EHFV敏感的Vero-E6细胞作对照,结果沙鼠腹腔巨噬细胞感染EHFV后,第1代第8天前即可查见明显的特异性荧光,第16天左右达高峰,病毒滴度≥10~(-7.5),与Vero-E6细胞比较,培养上清液的病毒滴度,沙鼠MΦ较Vero-E6细胞高1～4个对数,当感染病毒量很低时,在Vero-E6细胞内测不出特异性抗原,而在沙鼠MΦ内病毒仍可繁殖,滴度达10~(-5.(?)),中和试验、间接免疫荧光检测和荧光阻断试验均证明,沙鼠MΦ内繁殖的病毒确实为EHFV。     

流行性出血热病毒在人革膜传代细胞内的生长繁殖

本文应用人羊膜传代细胞(Wish细胞)对流行性出血热病毒(EHFV)的敏感性进行了试验,用EHFV武株及76118、A9、R22、R4、陈株等5个代表株接种Wish细胞。结果Wish细胞感染EHFV后第1代第8～10天即可查见明显的特异性荧光,荧光光强度随代数和时间而增加,TCID50为10~4～/10~5ml。并用荧光阻断试验和双份血清证实在Wish细胞内繁殖的病毒为EHFV。此结果为EHF病原学研究提供了新的敏感细胞株。     

用流行性出血热单克隆抗体对我国不同地区出血热病毒株的抗原分析

从全国17个省市自治区收集了自病人及各种动物分离到的40株流行性出血热病毒(EHFV),用出血热病毒单克隆抗体(McAb)进行抗原分析,发现大多数省市分离的EHFV株能与MA25-1 McAb起反应,但湖北、湖南分离的EHFV不与之起反应,而该McAb对EHFVA9株抗原的滴度为1/2560。实验还发现,湖北省内长江以北地区分离的EHFV毒株Q25、J173。WP43和从江南地区分离的EHFV毒株A24和HA1018在抗原性上也有明显不同。     

用标记分析法对我国海南地区登革2型病毒株的抗原表位分析

用标记分析(signature analvsis)法了解我国海南地区3年(1985—1987)来流行的登革2型(DEN-2)病毒株的抗原性变化。用3种单克隆抗体(McAb),包括黄病毒属特异、亚属特异和登革2型型特异,分析了8个DEN-2病毒流行株,并与标准株新几内亚B林进行比较．通过统计分析和微机处理,发现8株中有5株与株准株类似,有3株显示出明显差异。株记分析法为病毒抗原性分析提供了一个高度敏感的方法,并可用于监测一个地区病毒株群的变化及新株的引人。     

四川省部分疫区流行性出血热病原学及流行病学研究

本文报道四川省流行性出血热(EHF)疫医鼠类带毒调查、病毒分离鉴定及抗原性分析结果,由7份EHF抗原阳性鼠肺标本及9份急性期患者血清中各分离到EHF病毒5株。由鼠类分离的5株病毒包括褐家鼠2株,黄胸鼠1株,四川短尾(鼠勾)鼱1株以及中麝(鼠勾)1株。经IFA、ELISA及单克隆抗体的抗原测定,证明所有毒株均属野鼠型、抗原性与76—118株及A_9株接近,但由短尾(鼠勾)及中麝(鼠勾)分离的毒株的抗原性有明显差异。     

用反向被动血凝及血凝抑制方法检测流行性出血热病毒抗原和抗体

本文建立了检测流行性出血热病毒(EHFV)液体抗原及抗体的反向被动血凝(RPHA)和血凝抑制(RPHI)方法,RPHA检测EHFV抗原的敏感性与ELISA相近;RPHI检测EHFV抗体与IFA的符合率为97.3％,敏感性略低。     

Sabin-IPV抗原性及免疫原性分析

目的比较3个不同厂家的Sabin-IPV抗原性及免疫原性特点。方法采用ELISA方法,利用血清型和抗原位点特异性的单克隆抗体检测Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗D抗原含量,分析疫苗相对D抗原含量和单克隆抗体的相对反应性,评估疫苗抗原性;利用大鼠体内效力试验分析Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗的免疫原性,评估疫苗效力。结果与英国国家c IPV标准品Pu91相比,3个厂家的Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗相对D抗原含量存在差异,其中C厂家的相对D抗原含量最高;3个厂家的血清Ⅰ型Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗抗原性差异无统计学意义;血清Ⅱ型中,除B厂家的Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗的抗原位点1的抗原性较弱以外,A、C其2个厂家的Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗抗原性差异无统计学意义;血清Ⅲ型中,3个厂家的Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗与抗原性差异有统计学意义。接种Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗的大鼠血清对Sabin株及Salk株病毒具有良好中和效力。结论除血清Ⅲ型外,血清Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗的抗原性与疫苗免疫原性一致。ELISA检测疫苗抗原性的方法有望替代疫苗动物体内效力评价试验。     

流行性出血热病毒感染家猪的实验

本实验证明猪为流行性出血热病毒(EHFV)的敏感实验动物。从啮齿动物中分离的动物源株(R_(22))和从EHF患者血中分离的人源株(HB_(55))都可感染猪,并可在其体内许多组织中复制增殖。家猪在接种EHFV后第6—9天有一个短暂的发烧期,表现出病毒血症。于接种后的第7—11天(R_(22))和7～20天(HB_(55))可在组织中、特别是脾和肺中,用直接免疫荧光技术(DFA)很容易地捡出EHFV抗原。亦可在感染EHFV的猪血中检出EHFV抗体。从感染后的荧光阳性猪脾、肺可分离出感染性病毒。但R_(22)病毒株在感染猪后的第15天便完全消失,而HB_(55)株在感染后的第20天仍可查见,似乎动物源株(R_(22))和人源株(HB_(55))有所差异,然而都对家猪有感染性。从而,首次证实了家猪为EHFV的敏感实验动物,可作为EHFV的分离,增殖及疫苗研制等的新动物模型。这一发现,对EHF的研究将起积极作用,也提示猪在EHF流行病学上的意义不可忽视。     

流行性出血热病毒(EHFV)山东地方株特性的研究

本文介绍应用Vero-E_(?)细胞直接从EHF抗原阳性的褐家鼠肺中分离出EHFV-R_(36)株。形态学鉴定符合EHFV,并见到典型的颗粒性EHFV包涵体和大小形态类似的EHFV样颗粒。分离毒株经EHFV单克隆抗体分析,R_(36)株EHFV的抗原谱不同于我国的R_(22)株,它既带有家鼠型R_(22)株相似的抗原决定簇,同时又具有野鼠型抗原决定簇。     

原位杂交定位实验乳鼠各脏器中流行性出血热病毒RNA

用~8H-dTTP和生物素-11-dUTP标记流行性出血热病毒(EHFV)R22株M片段R3 cDNA制备探针,采用原位杂交法对EHFV感染的Ba1b/C乳鼠各脏器进行了病毒RNA定位。实验结果,病毒RNA主要定位于脑、肾、肾上腺、肝、心脏。在脑,病毒主要侵犯大脑皮质、海马回神经元,可见阳性颗粒或阳性     

Comparison of virulence between two strains of Rattus serotype hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) virus in newborn rats

Two strains of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) virus from Rattus, SR-11 and KI-262, showed virtually identical antigenicity but differed from prototype strain Hantaan 76-118 (Apodemus origin) in a neutralization test. Wistar newborn rats inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with SR-11, which was isolated from a laboratory rat associated with an outbreak of HFRS, developed clinical signs such as ataxia and limb paralysis and died at about 18 days after inoculation. The LD50 of SR-11 in 1-day-old rats was 10(1.2) focus-forming units (FFU). In contrast, the animals inoculated i.p. or intracerebrally with 10(4) FFU of KI-262, which was from a wild rat in a dumping-ground area--an enzootic focus where no human cases have been recorded--did not show any significant clinical signs. The susceptibility of rats to SR-11 fatal infection was age-dependent. Virus titers in brains, lungs, kidneys, and livers of the rats inoculated with SR-11 were significantly higher than those in the same organs of the animals infected with KI-262. Necrosis of neurons in the brain tissue occurred in the rats infected with SR-11, while it was mild in the animals infected with KI-262.     

不同来源的肾综合征出血热病毒对Vero细胞的致病变作用

前文报道,肾综合征出血热病毒76-118株能使Vero细胞产生病变。本文报道76-118株和另11株不同来源的肾综合征出血热病毒(H537、A9、H5、R178、HB55、R22、Z10,沟3、L99、A16和J10)对Vero细胞的致病变作用(CPE )。其中除沟3株外,大部分毒株在感染Vero细胞后的第一代即可见明显的CPE。CPE的特点与76-118株相似,主要是感染细胞粘聚、融合,形成网状结构。CPE能被特异性抗HFRS病毒血清和型特异性单克隆抗体所中和抑制,但不能被特异性抗呼肠孤病毒Ⅲ型免疫血清所中和抑制。HFRS病毒对Vero细胞的致病变作用,对进一步研究HFRS病毒的某些生物学特性及实验方法等均有重要意义。     

Isolation of virus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) through a cell culture system

Twenty-three rat lung specimens collected in outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in three medical institutions were inoculated onto the VERO-E6 cell monolayers. After several blind passages, an agent growing serially in the cell cultures and reacting specifically with known HFRS-positive sera was isolated from two of these specimens. The two isolates were antigenically identical each other. The agent, named strain SR-11, was identified as the causative virus of HFRS by its antigenic identity with E6 cell-adapted HFRS virus, Hantaan 76-118 strain, and the specific reactions with sera from various HFRS cases.     

肾综合征出血热病毒LR1株在Vero细胞上适应的特性研究

选取不同代次的ＬＲ１毒株在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上传代适应,不同天数连续动态观察细胞病变情况,同时用免疫荧光法和ＥＬＩＳＡ进行抗原检测,收毒前细胞反复冻融及超声波破碎,细胞破碎前后用ＥＬＩＳＡ检测抗原含量,半微量空斑法检测病毒滴度。结果证明：ＬＲ１株病毒能在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上产生细胞病变,病变程度与其毒力明显相关;ＬＲ１株病毒在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上繁殖的最佳收毒时间为１１天左右;病毒释放性较差,冻融和超声波破碎细胞能明显提高其抗原含量和病毒滴度     

一株广谱中和抗原性出血热病毒株的发现

一株分离自杭州市褐家鼠的出血热病毒Gou_3株的免疫血清对10株I型病毒的中和滴度除二株为160外均为320,而对4株Ⅱ型病毒的滴度为320—640,说明Gou_3株免疫血清对两型毒株中和效价大多数无差异或只差2倍,是一株中和抗原广谱的毒株。用I型和Ⅱ型毒株免疫血清对Gou_3株进行型别检定结果表明Gou_3株是Ⅱ型病毒。     

肾综合征出血热病毒R22株核蛋白基因的克隆序列分析及其表达

为研究肾综合征出血热病毒疫苗侯选株R22核蛋白的结构与特性,应用逆转录PCR扩增了R22编码区基因,并将扩增产物克隆于pET-3a表达质粒,测得R22株S片段编码区序列为1290个核苷酸。比较分析表明与Seoul型同源性高达96．2％,而与Hantaan型同源性仅为71．0％,与用血清学分型的结果一致。将克隆的pET－R22NP转化到BL21后,IPTG诱导得到较高效的表达,产物纯化后进行Westernblot分析,结果表达的NP仅与NP蛋白特异的单克隆抗体A35和3D9反应,而与G2蛋白特异的3D8不反应。表达的产物为汉坦病毒的诊断提供了特异性抗原。     

我国呼吸道合胞病毒抗原亚型的初步探讨

An analysis of subtypes of 9 respiratory syncytial (RS) viruses isolated from Guangzhou and Nanjing areas of china was carried out with eight Sweden RS-subtype specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and 7 internal anti-RS MAbs. All these MAbs directed against respectively the large Glycoprotein (G), fusion protein (F), nucleoprotein (NP), and phosphoprotein (P) components of the prototype Long strain of RS virus. The patterns of the reactions of these MAbs to the nine isolated strains of RS virus were compared with indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), alkaline phosphoesterase-anti alkaline phosphoesterase (APAAP) enzyme-linked assay and Western blotting. The antigenic variations were founded among the strains of RS virus, and two subtypes allocated to the subtype A and B of RS virus by using the eight RS-subtype specific MAbs. Seven out of the 9 isolated strains of RS virus belonged to the subtype A, and two were being to the subtype B. The antigenic diversities were also founded within the same subtype, and the main pronounced difference were observed on the G glycoprotein by using the internal anti-RS MAbs. These findings are potentially important both for vaccine development and for the understanding of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of RS virus.     

2017年河北省蛋鸡养殖场H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的遗传演化和抗原性分析

【背景】H9N2亚型禽流感病毒在鸡群中广泛流行,引起巨大损失。【目的】了解河北省蛋鸡养殖场H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)的基因序列和抗原性的变异情况,为该病原的科学防控提供理论依据。【方法】于2017年从河北省部分蛋鸡养殖场分离鉴定出7株H9N2亚型AIV,对其HA基因进行序列测定,并进行遗传演化、关键氨基酸位点及抗原性分析。【结果】7株分离毒株HA基因同源性在95.5%?97.2%之间;与2016年前的流行毒株相比,分离病毒HA裂解位点均为典型低致病性AIV特征,在受体结合区域出现变异,潜在糖基化位点无明显差异;抗原分析结果显示分离毒株与早期分离株相比抗原性发生了变异,形成了新的抗原群;抗原性相关位点分析显示,分离毒株在9个位点发生了较为明显的突变,可能是导致抗原性变异的分子基础。【结论】河北省蛋鸡养殖场H9N2亚型AIV中的流行毒株在关键功能区发生基因突变,并且抗原性发生变异,提示应持续监测H9N2亚型AIV的遗传变异情况,并及时更换疫苗株。     

Comparison of Virulence between Seoul Virus Strain SR-11 and Hantaan Virus Strain 76–118 of Hantaviruses in Newborn Mice

Virulence of hantavirus strain of SR-11 Seoul virus and Hantaan 76–118 (HTN) of Hantaan virus were compared. Infections of both strains were lethal in newborn mice. However, inoculum required to cause lethal infection was about 4,000 times higher for strain HTN (1.65 × 10³ PFU/mouse/LD₅₀) than for strain SR-11 (0.36 PFU). Thus, both strains were considered pathogenic to newborn mice but they possessed different levels of virulence. The assay system used for these strains in newborn mice proved to be useful in the study of hantavirus vilurence. Growth curves of the two strains in CV-7 cell cultures were compared. Strain SR-11 was shown to have higher activity of virus replication and virus release into the culture fluids than strain HTN. The possibility of a relationship between replication activity and high levels of virulence in mice was suggested.