里白的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称 里白[Hicriopteris glauca（Thunb.）Ching]。 2材料类别 成熟孢子。 3培养条件孢子萌发培养基：（1）1/2MS;配子体（原叶体）增殖培养基：（2）MS＋6-BA0.5mg·L-1（单位不同）     

不同方法提取组培百里香精油质量及成分的比较分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、有机溶剂萃取法、CO2超临界萃取法3种提取方法提取组培百里香精油,比较分析精油得率、精油化学成分以及相对含量,以期得出最佳提取方法。结果表明：水蒸气蒸馏法提取的百里香精油得率为O．21％,主要化学成分为：百里酚（36．53％）、间伞花烃（14．13％）、松油烯（8．09％）和石竹烯（4．14％）;有机溶剂萃取法提取的精油得率为0．19％,主要化学成分为：1,2-苯二甲酸-单-2-乙基己基酯（55．23％）、百里酚（873％）、松油烯（5．23％）;CO2超临界萃取法提取的精油得率为0．27％,主要化学成分为：百里酚（26．68％）、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-甲酯（21．55％）、间伞花烃（9．69％）。从精油得率、精油质量以及精油主要化学成分综合比较3种方法,水蒸气蒸馏法是提取百里香精油的最佳方法。     

茶条槭不同海拔种群的表型多样性

为了揭示茶条槭（Acerginnala）不同海拔种群表型变异程度和变异规律,以山西七里峪天然分布的茶条槭为研究对象,调查不同海拔种群的种实和叶表型性状,采用方差分析、相关分析、聚类分析等方法,分析种群的表型多样性。结果表明：17个表型性状中16个存在显著差异,占总表型性状的94.12%。在物种水平上各个性状表现出较丰富的变异,变异系数（CV）在7.05%～38.12%之间。茶条槭种群具有高的表型多样性（1.9253）,5个不同海拔种群的平均表型多样性指数为1.9022～1.9837。种群间的表型分化系数均值（13.79%）小于种群内变异（82.71%）,种群内的变异是表型变异的主要来源。各表型性状及表型多样性指数与土壤中的N、K、AN、AK、AP、OR、MC表现出显著或极显著的相关关系（P〈0.05）,但与海拔高度呈现出不显著的相关性。UPGMA聚类分析显示5个种群形成明显的两组,与其地理分布相一致。不同海拔种群所处微生境的异质性是引起种群间差异的主要原因。茶条槭种群内、种群间变异的利用对其遗传改良具有重要的意义。     

蕨类植物里白中一个新的对映-贝壳杉烷型二萜化合物

从蕨类植物里白（Hicriopteris glauca）的丙酮提取物中分离得到10个化合物,包括一个新的对映-贝壳杉烷型二萜化合物,其化学结构通过各种波谱学方法鉴定为ent-2-β-hydroxyl-16-ene-kaurdn-19-oic acid （1）。     

Se和环境中富里酸对小麦种子发芽的影响及其生理特性

利用种子发芽实验研究了亚硒酸钠（ＮＶ２ＳｅＯ３）和从土壤中提取的富里酸（Ｆｕｌｖｉｃ ａｃｉｄ, ＦＡ）对小麦种子发芽和生长的影响,以及 ＦＡ对亚硒酸钠毒性的抑制作用．结果表 明．ＦＡ和低浓度Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３对种子发芽及发芽后的生长有促进作用,高浓度 Ｎａ２ＳｅＯ３明显 降低种子发芽率、种子活力、α－淀粉酶活性及幼苗的生长,ＦＡ对亚硒酸钠的毒性有一定的 抑制作用．     

秋水仙素诱导七里香多倍体

以不同浓度（0．02％、0．04％、0．08％、0．16％）秋水仙素溶液与二甲基亚砜和丙草胺的体积混合比为2000：10：1的溶液诱导七里香种子萌发苗1-3d的结果表明,所有处理均得到七里香多倍体,其中以秋水仙素浓度为0．08％的混合液处理3d的诱导效果最好,多倍体诱导率迭36．7％。     

凤尾蕨挥发性成分的GC—MS分析北大核心CSCD

分析凤尾蕨的挥发性成分,为其开发利用提供实验依据。利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取凤尾蕨（PterisCreticaL）挥发油,采用气相色谱．质谱联用（GC-MS）技术对挥发油进行分析。共分离出85个化学成分,鉴别出68个化学成分,占挥发油总量的81．40％,其中相对百分含量大于2％的分别确定为庚醛（5．480％）,,壬醛（4．470％）,甲基丁香酚（3．880％）,柏木脑（3．797％）,正己烷（3．607％）,2-己烯醛（3．061％）,3,5-二甲氧基甲苯（2．822％）,（＋）．香橙烯（2．624％）,芳樟醇（2．539％）,异黄樟脑（2．312％）,3-辛醇（2．243％）,丹皮酚（2．165％）,2-正戊基呋喃（2．119％）。本文首次采用GC—MS联用技术对凤尾蕨的挥发性成分进行研究。     

假酸浆中新的醉茄内酯类化合物

从假酸浆（Nicandra physaloides）全草中分离得到12个化合物,其中两个为新的醉茄内酯类化合物,经波谱学方法将其结构鉴定为nicandrenone methyl ether （1） 和26S-nicandrenone methyl ether （2）;已知化合物为三个醉茄内酯,nicandrenone （3）,Nic-7 （4）,nicaphysalin E （5）,以及pinosylvin monomethyl ether （6）,2S-pinocembrin （7）,（1S, 2R）-1, 2-bis （4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl）-1, 3-propanediol （8）,vanillin （9）,indole-3-carboxylic acid （10）,vanillic acid （11） 和drummondol （12）。     

广东土牛膝的化学成分

广东土牛膝为菊科泽兰属植物华泽兰（Eupatorium chinense）的干燥根。从其甲醇提取物中共分离得到11个化合物,其中eupatorinA（1）为一新化合物,经波谱学方法鉴定为（threo）-3-O-acetyl-1-（4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl）-2-[4-（3-hydroxy-1-（E）-propenyl）-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy]propyl-β-D-glucopy-ranoside。已知化合物分别鉴定为（threo）-3-hydroxy-1-（4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl）-2-[4-（3-hydroxy-1-（E）-propenyl）-2,6-dimethoxyphenox-y]-propyl-β-D-glucopyranoside（2）,ardisiacrispinA（3）,ardisiac-rispinB（4）,euparone（5）,3-（2,3-dihydroxy-isopen-tyl）-4-hydroxyacetophenone（6）,12,13-di-hydroxy-euparin（7）,gymnastone（8）,N-（2′-hydroxy-tetracosanosyl）-2-amino-1,3,4-trihydroxy-octa-dec-8-（E）-ene（9）,stigmasterol（10）和stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（11）。化合物2-4为首次从菊科植物,5-8为首次从泽兰属植物中分离得到。     

元谋栽培印楝枝叶化学成分研究

从元谋栽培印楝Azadirachta indica的枝叶中分离得到15个化合物,结构类型有三萜、倍半萜、甾体等。经波谱解析鉴定为nimbin（1）,6-deacetylnimbin（2）,6-deacetylnimbinene（3）,nimbinene（4）,azadiradi-one（5）,7-acetoxy-elema-1,3-dien-8-ol（6）,1-naphthalenone（7）,acarusnol（8）,colvane-2β,9α-diol（9）,乌苏酸（10）,马斯里酸（11）,2α-羟基乌苏酸（12）,猕猴桃酸B（13）,2α,3α,4β-trihydroxypregnan-16-one（14）,2β,3β,4β-trihydroxypregnan-16-one（15）。化合物6～15为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

寡聚核苷酸诱导突变法改造φ×174噬菌体A基因蛋白的DNA识别序列

 为了进一步研究φX174噬菌体A基因蛋白的复制功能与其所识别的30核苷酸保守序列的关系,我们采用寡聚核苷酸诱导的定点突变法成功地改造了这30核苷酸保守序列。将此保守序列重组到M_(13)mp9噬菌体后,以其单链为模板,在14或16寡聚核苷酸的诱导下,合成共价闭环DNA。经转化到E.coli JM103菌株,用点印迹(Dot blot)杂交法筛选,得到两种重组突变株。一种突变株其30核苷酸保守序列正链的第22碱基由A改为G。另一突变株为其第10碱基A改为C,第11碱基T改为A。突变效率约为5％。制备了此突变株单链及双链DNA,分别做了双脱氧末端终止法及Maxam和Gilbert法序列分析鉴定。     

The A2A adenosine receptor rescues neuritogenesis impaired by p53 blockage via KIF2A,a kinesin family member

The A_2A adenosine receptor (A_2AR) is a G‐protein–coupled receptor. We previously reported that the C terminus of the A_2AR binds to translin‐associated protein X (TRAX) and modulates nerve growth factor (NGF)‐evoked neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Herein, we show that neuritogenesis of primary hippocampal neurons requires p53 because blockage of p53 suppressed neurite outgrowth. The impaired neuritogenesis caused by p53 blockage was rescued by activation of the A_2AR (designated the A_2A rescue effect) in a TRAX‐dependent manner. Importantly, suppression of a TRAX‐interacting protein (kinesin heavy chain member 2A, KIF2A) inhibited the A_2A rescue effect, whereas overexpression of KIF2A caused a rescue effect. Expression of a KIF2A fragment (KIF2A₅₁₄), which disturbed the interaction between KIF2A and TRAX, blocked the rescue effect. Transient colocalization of TRAX and KIF2A was detected in the nucleus of PC12 cells upon NGF treatment. These data suggest that functional interaction between KIF2A and TRAX is critical for the A_2A rescue effect. Moreover, p53 blockage during NGF treatment prevented the redistribution of KIF2A from the nucleus to the cytoplasmic region. Expression of a nuclear‐retained KIF2A variant (NLS‐KIF2A) did not rescue the impaired neurite outgrowth as did the wild‐type KIF2A. Therefore, redistribution of KIF2A to the cytoplasmic fraction is a prerequisite for neurite outgrowth. Collectively, we demonstrate that KIF2A functions downstream of p53 to mediate neuritogenesis of primary hippocampal neurons and PC12 cells. Stimulation of the A_2AR rescued neuritogenesis impaired by p53 blockage via an interaction between TRAX and KIF2A. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 604–621, 2010     

An unusual lipid a from a marine bacterium Chryseobacterium scophtalmum CIP 104199T

The hydrolysis of defatted cells of the marine bacterium Chryseobacterium scophtalmum CIP 104199^T with 10% acetic acid (3 h, 100°C) led to an unusual lipid A (LA) (yield 0.6%), obtained for the first time. Using chemical analysis, FAB MS, and NMR spectroscopy, it was shown to be D-glucosamine 1-phosphate acylated with (R)-3-hydroxy-15-methylhexadecanoic and (R)-3-hydroxy-13-methyltetroadecanoic acids at the C2 and C3 atoms, respectively. It is similar to the monosaccharide biosynthetic precursor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), so-called lipid X (LX). Unlike LX, LA can be isolated by the treatment of bacteria with organic solvents only after the preliminary acidic hydrolysis of the cells, which suggests that LA might be strongly, probably chemically, linked to other components of the outer membrane. However, LPS cannot be such a component, because extraction with phenol-water or phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether mixtures in high yields (5.34% and 0.5%, respectively) leads to preparations that do not contain 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid, 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids, or LA.     

Cycloartane-type triterpenes from Euphorbia fischeriana stimulate human CYP3A4 promoter activity

A chemical study of the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana resulted in the isolation of seven triterpenes (1–7), including two new compounds: (24R,S)-3β-24,31-epoxy-24-methylcycloartane (1) and (24R,S)-3β,31-dihydroxy-24-methoxy-24-methylcycloartane (2). Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses. Cycloartanes 1–4 showed significant human CYP3A4 promoter activity through a series of luciferase reporter assays. Of these compounds, 3 and 4 activated the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and induced CYP3A4 mRNA expression in human primary hepatocytes. However, despite showing the most potent human CYP3A4 promoter activity via a PXR-independent pathway, 2 did not affect CYP3A4 mRNA expression in human primary hepatocytes. This difference is correlated to substitutions in C-24 and C-25 of the cycloartane structure.     

Biological oxidation of metallic copper by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

This is a report on the kinetic aspects and the analytical study of the bioproducts of the oxidation of zero-valence copper by immobilized Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Two different mechanisms of oxidation were considered: direct and indirect. A custom-built bioreactor was used to grow A. ferrooxidans in an iron-free media, which was required for the study of the direct mechanism. X-ray microdiffraction analysis of the copper after biooxidation in the sulfate-free medium revealed the presence of the copper sulfate, piypite, K(2)Cu(2)O(SO(4))(2), which indicates biooxidation of Cu metal has occurred. It was shown that the direct oxidation exists, but it is relatively slow, as compared to the indirect mechanism.     

Appraisal of plant extracts and streptomycin sulfate against citrus canker disease

Abstract

Plant extracts and streptomycin sulfate were evaluated against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. In first experiment, Azadirachta indica, Allium cepa, Catharanthus roseus, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) were investigated in vitro through inhibition zone technique against the growth of X. a. pv. citri. Results indicated that A. indica exhibited statistically significant inhibition (4?cm) zone over control. In second experiment, A. indica and streptomycin sulfate disjointedly and in amalgamation were evaluated in vitro. Streptomycin alone and in permutation with A. indica articulated significant inhibition of the bacterium. In third study, streptomycin sulfate and A. indica (S) and in combination were evaluated against citrus canker disease in green house. Results showed that streptomycin sulfate reduced disease significantly than control. In fourth experiment, streptomycin sulfate, A. indica, in combination and their interaction with days were evaluated under field condition. Streptomycin sulfate proved to be most effective and reduced the disease severity as compared to control.     

Loss of small heterodimer partner expression in the liver protects against dyslipidemia

Multiple studies suggest increased conversion of cholesterol to bile acids by cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) protects against dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. CYP7A1 expression is repressed by the sequential activity of two nuclear hormone receptors, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer partner (SHP). Here we demonstrate 129 strain SHP(-/-) mice are protected against hypercholesterolemia resulting from either a cholesterol/cholic acid (chol/CA) diet or from hypothyroidism. In a mixed 129-C57Bl/6 background, LDLR(-/-) and LDLR(-/-)SHP(-/-) mice had nearly identical elevations in hepatic cholesterol content and repression of cholesterol regulated genes when fed a Western diet. However, the LDLR(-/-)SHP(-/-) mice had greatly reduced elevations in serum VLDL and LDL cholesterol levels and triglyceride (TG) levels as compared with LDLR(-/-) mice. Additionally, the hepatic inflammation produced by the Western diet in the LDLR(-/-) mice was abolished in the LDLR(-/-)SHP(-/-) mice. CYP7A1 expression was induced 10-fold by the Western diet in the LDLR(-/-)SHP(-/-) mice but not in the LDLR(-/-) mice. Finally, hepatocyte-specific deletion of SHP expression was also protective against dyslipidemia induced by either a chol/CA diet or by hypothyroidism. While no antagonist ligands have yet been identified for SHP, these results suggest selective inhibition of hepatic SHP expression may provide protection against dyslipidemia.     

Proteomic analysis of MOLT-4 cells treated by valproic acid

The effect of valproic acid (VA) on protein expression in human T-lymphocytic leukemia cells MOLT-4 was studied. VA is an inhibitor of histonedeacetylases and has a potential use as antitumor agent in leukemia treatment. The authors in this work prove that 4 h long incubation with 2 mmol/l VA causes phosphorylation of histone H2A.X and its colocalization with 53BP1 in nuclear foci. Their co-localization is typical for DSB signaling machinery. These foci were detected in cells after 4 h exposure without increase of Annexin V positive apoptotic cells. Slight increase in apoptosis (Annexin V positivity) after 24 h is accompanied by more intensive increase in phosphorylation of H2A.X and also by formation of nuclear foci containing γH2A.X and 53BP1. Treatment of cells with 2 mmol/l VA resulted in induction of apoptosis affecting about 30% of cells after incubation for 72 h. The changes in protein expression were examined after cell incubation with 2 mmol/l VA for 4 h. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and quantified using image evaluation system. Those exhibiting significant VA-induced abundance alterations were identified by mass spectrometry. Changes in expression of 22 proteins were detected, of which 15 proteins were down-regulated. Proteomic analysis resulted in successful identification of three proteins involving alfa-tubulin 3, tubulin-specific chaperone and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucloprotein F. Expression of seven proteins was up-regulated, including heterogeneous nuclear ribonucloprotein A/B. Identified proteins are related to microtubular system and hnRNP family. Suppression of microtubular proteins and changes of balance among hnRNPs can contribute to proliferation arrest and apoptosis induction.