不同方法提取组培百里香精油质量及成分的比较分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、有机溶剂萃取法、CO2超临界萃取法3种提取方法提取组培百里香精油，比较分析精油得率、精油化学成分以及相对含量，以期得出最佳提取方法。结果表明：水蒸气蒸馏法提取的百里香精油得率为O．21％，主要化学成分为：百里酚（36．53％）、间伞花烃（14．13％）、松油烯（8．09％）和石竹烯（4．14％）；有机溶剂萃取法提取的精油得率为0．19％，主要化学成分为：1，2-苯二甲酸-单-2-乙基己基酯（55．23％）、百里酚（873％）、松油烯（5．23％）；CO2超临界萃取法提取的精油得率为0．27％，主要化学成分为：百里酚（26．68％）、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-甲酯（21．55％）、间伞花烃（9．69％）。从精油得率、精油质量以及精油主要化学成分综合比较3种方法，水蒸气蒸馏法是提取百里香精油的最佳方法。

Comparative Analysis of Essential Oil Quality and Composition from Tissue Culture Seedlings of Thymus vulgaris L,Using Different Extraction Methods

The essential oils of Thymus vulgaris were extracted by steam distillation, organic solvent extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction. The amounts, compositions and relative contents of the essential oils extracted from the three methods were compared. The results showed that the amount of essential oils extracted by steam distillation was 0.21%, the main chemical components were thymol（36. 53%）, benzene, 1-methyl-3-（ 1-methylethyl）-（ 14. 13%）, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, 1-methyl-4-（ 1-methylethyl ） （8. 09%）, and caryophyllene （4. 14%） ; the amount of essential oils extracted by organic solvent extraction was 0. 19%, the main components were 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono （2-ethylhexyl） ester （55.23%）, thymol （8. 73%）, and 1,4-cyclohexadiene, 1-methyl-4-（1-methylethyl） （5. 23%） ; and the amount of essential oils extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction was 0.27%, the main components were thymol（26.68%）, 2-propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, methyl ester （21.55%）, and benzene, 1- methyl-3-（1-methylethyl） （9.69%）. Based on the quality, major chemical compositions and extraction amount of essential oils, the steam distillation was the best method to extract essential oils from Thymus vulgaris.