地鳖虫后若虫期蛋白质和能量的需要量

为了探索地鳖虫后若虫期对蛋白质、能量等营养物质的需要量 ,通过双因子交叉分组试验 ,比较了不同能量、蛋白质水平的配合日粮对地鳖虫后若虫期生长速度和饲料转化率的影响。结果为 :在蛋白质水平组中 ,1、2、3、4、5水平组粗蛋白质含量分别为 1 9 1 3 %、1 8 0 9%、1 7 0 7%、1 6 1 0 %、1 5 1 3 % ,日增重与其它水平组差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )或极显著 (P <0 0 1 ) ;在能量水平组中 ,A、B、C水平组消化能为 1 3 2 7、1 2 2 6、1 1 2 8mJ kg ,日增重与其它水平组差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )或极显著 (P <0 0 1 )。结合各处理间饲料转化率的差异情况 ,筛选出地鳖虫后若虫期蛋白质和能量适宜需要量为 :粗蛋白 1 5 1 3 %～ 1 6 1 0 % ,消化能 1 1 2 8mJ kg。     

南方鲇的营养学研究:饲料中大豆蛋白水平对生长的影响

以初始体重为 2 3 .78± 0 .0 9g的南方鲇幼鱼为实验对象 ,在室内循环水养殖系统中进行为期 6周的生长实验。以大豆蛋白分别替代 0 %、1 3 %、2 6 %、3 9%、5 2 %和 6 5 %的鱼粉蛋白 ,配制成 6种等氮 (粗蛋白为 48%)、等能 (总能 2 0 KJ/ g)的饲料 ,用于探讨饲料中鱼粉蛋白与大豆蛋白的不同比例对南方鲇生长及饲料转化率的影响。实验在 2 7.5± 0 .2℃水温条件下进行 ,溶氧维持在 5 mg/ L以上 ,光照周期为 1 4L:1 0 D。实验结果表明 ,当大豆蛋白分别替代1 3 %、2 6 %和 3 9%的鱼粉蛋白时 ,3组之间的特定生长率 (SGR)的差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,但均显著高于 5 2 %和 6 5 %替代水平 (P<0 .0 5 )。其中 1 3 %和 2 6 %的替代水平的特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;3 9%替代水平的特定生长率 (SGR)与对照组之间差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;而 5 2 %和 6 5 %替代水平的特定生长率 (SGR)则显著低于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。饲料转化率 (FCE)、蛋白质效率 (PER)和蛋白质累积率 (PPV)分别在各处理组之间的差异关系与特定生长率 (SGR)在各组之间的变化相类似。因此 ,本文提出南方鲇饲料中大豆蛋白替代 3 9%的鱼粉蛋白是适宜的 ,过量的添加将影响南方鲇的生长及饲料转化率。通过分析认为大豆蛋白影响南方鲇生     

草鱼日粮中小肽对幼龄草鱼生长性能的影响

本实验研究了草鱼日粮中不同种类与含量的小肽对幼龄草鱼生长性能的影响。 4 5 0尾 3.74± 0 .2 3g的草鱼分为 6组 ,每组 75尾鱼 ,每 2 5尾鱼饲养于 0 .2 5m3 的水族箱中 ,每组设 3个平行水族箱。试验 1、2、3、4、5组日粮中分别添加 0 .2 5 %、0 .5 %、1%的虾蛋白肽和 0 .5 %鱼粉水解物、0 .5 %酶解酪蛋白 ,对照组为 1%的鱼粉。水温为 2 7.6±3.1℃ ,试验期为 5 6d。结果表明 :(1)试验各组草鱼其相对生长率、饲料效率、饲料蛋白保留效率和血浆中钙、磷、镁含量与小肽总量均高于对照组 ,与对照组有显著性差异 ;(2 )草鱼日粮中最适宜的虾蛋白肽添加量为 0 .5 % ;(3)草鱼日粮中添加一定比例的小肽可提高饲料表观消化率和蛋白消化率 ,增加血液循环中生物活性肽的含量 ,增加体内氮沉积 ,减少肝胰脏和肠系膜脂肪储积 ,从而提高草鱼对日粮中蛋白质的利用率和机体自身蛋白质合成能力。     

中华倒刺鲃幼鱼饲料蛋白质需求量的研究

以白鱼粉为蛋白源,设计了6个不同蛋白质含量(20.49%、26.48%、34.20%、41.02%、49.94%和55.86%,分别表示为D1、D2、D3、D4、D5和D6)的等能饲料,采用室内循环水养殖系统,在水温为(27.5±0.5)℃的条件下对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼进行10周的养殖实验,探讨中华倒刺鲃幼鱼对饲料蛋白质的需求量。每个处理设4个重复,每个重复12尾鱼。结果显示：干物质摄食率(FRdm)随饲料蛋白质含量升高呈先降低然后稳定的趋势;蛋白质摄食率(FRp)与饲料蛋白质含量呈正相关关系(r=0.982,p<0.01)。干物质表观消化率随饲料蛋白质含量增加而降低,蛋白质消化率在各组间无显著差异。随饲料蛋白质含量由D1逐渐增加至D4,体重特定生长率(SGRw)、能量特定生长率(SGRe)和饲料效率(FE)均显著增高(p<0.05),而D4、D5和D6组间无显著差异,其中D4组的三个指标值均最高,分别为(0.97±0.04)%/d、(0.87±0.04)%/d、(68.96±3.00)%。蛋白质效率(PER)、蛋白质累积率(PPV)和能量累积率(EPV)在各饲料组间均存在显著差异。以SGRw、SGRe和FE为指标,采用折线模型分析表明,中华倒刺鲃幼鱼的最适饲料蛋白质含量为39.6%－42.2%。     

环境因子对大石鸡种群遗传结构的影响

大石鸡是我国特有种 ,仅分布于青海东部 ,甘肃中部 ,宁夏六盘山以西 ,是我国北方干旱和半干旱荒漠环境指示鸟类。研究其遗传多样性与环境变化的关系 ,不仅是生态遗传学的前沿领域 ,而且在进化生物学和保护生物学领域都有重要的理论意义。采用聚合酶链式反应 ( PCR)和直接测序的方法 ,测定了甘肃境内由北向南的 5个大石鸡 ( Alectorismagna)种群 (兰州、榆中、定西、武山和礼县 )的线粒体 DNA( mt DNA)控制区 ( D-loop) 4 5 7～ 4 5 8个碱基长度的基因序列。结果表明兰州、榆中、定西、武山和礼县种群的平均碱基含量中 A( F=0 .30 F0 .0 1( 4 ,32 ) =3.97)、T( F=6 .4 4>F0 .0 1( 4 ,32 ) =3.97)差异极显著。 5个种群的基因变异率分别为 0 .32± 0 .2 7%、0 .4 8± 0 .4 5 %、0 .6 2± 0 .4 3%、0 .4 4± 0 .2 4 %、0 .1 7± 0 .1 4 % ,种群内的平均基因变异率为 0 .4 1± 0 .1 7% ,种群间的平均基因变异率为 0 .4 6± 0 .1 0 % ,种群内和种群间的平均基因变异率差异不明显( F=2 .5 90 .0 5 )和无霜期 ( r=-0 .81 0     

维生素C对中华绒螯蟹雄性生殖的影响

采用不同Vc的人工配合饲料 ,研究了Vc对中华绒螯蟹雄性生殖的影响。实验分为 5组 ,其添加量分别为 0mg 1 0 0g饲料 (实验 1组 )、2 0 0mg 1 0 0g饲料 (实验 2组 )、40 0mg 1 0 0g饲料 (实验 3组 )、60 0mg 1 0 0g饲料 (实验 4组 )和 80 0mg 1 0 0g饲料 (实验 5组 ) ,实验为期 5 0d。结果如下 :1 )肝胰腺、精巢和副性腺中Vc的积累量以实验 3组最高 ,分别为 2 2 61 μg mgprot、1 0 2 1 7μg mgprot、7 661 μg mgprot;2 )肝体指数和性腺指数以实验 3组最高 ,分别为 0 0 5 2 3和 0 0 2 68;3 )增重率同样以实验 3组最高 ,实验 1组最低 ,分别为 3 1 3 3 %和 2 1 2 %;4)睾酮含量以实验 2组最高 ,为 1 2 5 7ng ml,但实验 3组的睾酮含量与实验 2组接近 ;5 )SOD酶活性与其Vc含量呈负相关 ,且精巢和副性腺的酶活性高于肝胰腺。结果表明 :适量添加Vc可促进雄蟹肝胰腺、精巢和副性腺对Vc的积累 ,同时可促进精巢的发育及睾酮的分泌 ,而过量添加可能会对精巢的发育产生不良影响 ;河蟹体内的抗氧化系统之间存在着相互的协调和平衡 ,生殖期性腺对其自身的抗氧化保护需求要高于其它组织     

应激心肌细胞蛋白质组双向凝胶电泳分析

采用双向凝胶电泳技术和计算机辅助的图像分析方法 ,对去甲肾上腺素诱导的应激心肌细胞与正常心肌细胞蛋白质进行分离和比较分析 .正常心肌细胞可分离 12 32± 5 6个蛋白点 ,蛋白点匹配率为 83 3%± 1 0 %.有 11种蛋白质在NE应激后发生了明显和稳定的质和量的改变 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其中 6种 (Mr pI :4 9 7kD 7 8,38 3kD 5 9,37 1kD 6 6 ,2 9 3kD 7 4 ,18 7kD 6 1,18 5kD 7 7)在应激后表达降低 ,4种 (Mr pI:4 7 6kD 5 5 ,31 9kD 4 4 ,2 6 6kD 4 6 ,33 2kD 8 1)在应激后表达增高 ,1种 (Mr pI:19 4kD 6 9)只在应激后发生表达 .这些差异表达的蛋白质可能参与了心血管应激反应乃至应激损伤发生的过程 .     

陕西三种特种稻米氨基酸及品质分析

以陕西洋县产茉莉香米、红香米和绿香粳米等 3种特种稻米为材料 ,分析了氨基酸及其它品质指标。结果表明 ,茉莉香米、红香米和绿香粳米均含有 1 7种氨基酸 ,氨基酸总含量 (mg/ 1 0 0 g)分别为 730 0、72 70、74 90 ;除Trp外 ,7种必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量分别为 34 .6 %、34 .5 %、34 .8% ;Lys含量 (mg/ 1 0 0g)分别为 5 5 0、5 2 0、5 30 ;粗蛋白质含量分别是 9.94 %、9.2 3%、8.5 2 % ;Cu含量 (mg/ 1 0 0g)分别是 0 .6 2、0 .94、0 .79;Zn含量 (mg/ 1 0 0 g)分别是 1 .99、1 .75、2 .0 2 ;Fe含量 (mg/ 1 0 0 g)分别是 1 .5 5、3.70、4 .5 0 ;直链淀粉含量分别是 1 5 .6 %、3.7%、1 5 .1 % ;胶稠度分别是 33mm、4 0 .6mm、78mm ;糊化温度分别是 6 .1级、6 .8级、7级 ;水分含量分别是 1 1 .2 7%、1 1 .5 5 %、1 2 .5 2 %。这 3种特种稻品质较优 ,具有推广价值     

黄鳝饲料蛋白质需求量的研究

为确定黄鳝(Monopterus albus)对饲料蛋白质的需求量, 试验分7组, 每组4个重复。每个重复放养初始体重为(17.1±0.2) g的幼鳝25尾, 分别以鱼粉和酪蛋白为主要蛋白源, 配制蛋白质含量为32.74%(T1)、38.50%(T2)、42.26%(T3)、48.35%(T4)、52.65%(T5)、57.87%(T6)和62.31%(T7)的7种等能不等氮饲料, 养殖期为60d。以生产性能、蛋白质保留率和生理生化指标等综合评价确定蛋白质的需求量。结果: (1)随饲料蛋白质含量升高, 饲料系数呈先降低后升高; 增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白保留率(PRR)与蛋白质效率(PER)先升高后降低; 饲料蛋白质含量57.87%组获得最好的生长性能, 52.65%组蛋白质保留率最高。(2)随饲料蛋白质含量升高, 黄鳝血清中尿素氮(BUN)含量升高, 谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的活性先降低后保持稳定, 总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)及血糖(GLU)含量降低; 丙二醛(MDA)含量呈现先降低后升高的趋势, 在52.65%时最低。(3)随饲料蛋白质含量升高, 黄鳝肝胰脏、胃和肠蛋白酶活性先显著上升后呈缓慢上升趋势; 肝胰脏脂肪酶活性先显著下降后呈缓慢下降趋势, 胃和肠脂肪酶活性各试验组之间无显著性差异; 胃淀粉酶活性无显著差异, 肝胰脏和肠呈先显著下降后缓慢降低的趋势。综上: 当饲料蛋白质含量低时, 黄鳝会加大摄食量满足蛋白质需求, 在饲料蛋白质含量过高时, 氧化应激增加, 黄鳝通过降低摄食量减少蛋白质摄入。以WGR、PER、SGR及饲料系数(FCR)为评价指标确定幼鳝对饲料蛋白质的适宜需求量为48.51%—52.60%。     

谷氨酸和α-酮戊二酸对鳜生长、脱氨及糖代谢的影响

为探究谷氨酸(Glu)和α-酮戊二酸(AKG)对鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)摄食和氨排泄的影响,实验以鳜[初始体重(26.28±0.99) g]为研究材料,将Glu和AKG分别添加到鳜的基础日粮中(添加量2%),进行了60d的养殖实验,前40d等量投喂,后20d饱食投喂。通过设置对照组、Glu组和AKG组,比较了3种不同饲料饲喂下鳜的摄食与氨排泄差异情况。实验结果表明,在等量饲喂期间添加Glu、AKG显著提高鳜生长和降低饵料系数,且在一定程度上降低鳜的体外氨排泄量。在饱食投喂阶段, Glu、AKG组的血液中的葡萄糖含量增加,肝糖原、肌糖原含量降低。两个投喂阶段结果都表明,饲料中添加谷氨酸和α-酮戊二酸能显著促进鳜脑中npy表达并抑制pomc表达,显著提高蛋白质效率比和特定生长率,增加鱼体体重,促进鱼体生长且降低饲料系数。同时,肝脏中gdh表达及肌肉ampd表达均提高,脱氨代谢供能水平升高,最终导致其氨排泄量升高。此外,饲料中添加Glu和AKG可促进肝脏pepck、g6pase、pk和gk基因表达量增加,糖代谢增强,减少蛋白质的分解供能。综上所述,在饲料中添加谷氨酸和α-酮戊...     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.