楝酰胺类化合物的抗肿瘤活性探究进展

楝酰胺类化合物存在于楝属植物中,因其独特的化学结构而具有杀虫、抗炎及抗癌的活性.目前研究发现,楝酰胺类化合物对多种癌症如肺癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、恶性外周神经鞘瘤等都具有独特的细胞凋亡作用,而对正常细胞无毒害作用.楝酰胺类化合物抗肿瘤的机制主要有:抑制癌细胞翻译起始、调控细胞周期、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制细胞增殖、降低药物细胞毒性等.因此,楝酰胺及其衍生物作为潜在抗癌药物也有极大的应用前景,成为近年来的研究热点.本综述总结了楝属植物中的次生代谢产物-楝酰胺类化合物的发现过程、结构特征和抗癌活性,重点阐述了其在癌症中的作用机制.以期为楝酰胺类化合物的进一步研究和开发利用提供理论依据和研究思路,并对楝酰胺类化合物的应用前景进行了展望.     

广西野生楝科植物提取物对萝卜蚜的杀虫作用初步研究

针对广西12种野生楝科植物提取物进行了对萝卜蚜的触杀活性筛选。结果显示:红楝子(树皮)、香椿(树皮)、地黄连(全株)和老虎楝(枝叶)的提取物在10mg/mL的浓度下有较高的杀虫活性,24h校正死亡率分别达到73.89%、79.47%、74.55%和72.19%,与其它的相比差异性显著。     

杀虫植物学术讨论会简介

<正> 我国第一次杀虫植物学术讨论会于1984年4月3—6日在广州召开。应华南农学院植保系昆虫毒理研究室的邀请,来自高等院校、科研、生产和部队等18个单位的31位代表参加了会议。赵善欢教授主持了讨论会并作了《植物质昆虫拒食剂和生长发育抑制剂的新进展》的学术报告。 讨论会从以下四个方面回顾了我国近年来在杀虫植物研究与应用中的工作。一、防治对象的探索。重点是楝科植物,对褐稻虱、纵卷叶螟、稻蝗、稻瘿蚊等有明显的拒食作用和忌避作用;此外对多种柑桔害虫亦有很好的活性,可在生产中扩大试验示范。其它杀虫植物如苦皮藤、臭椿、油桐、黄荆及山苍子油等挥发性物质都作了大量     

中国植物质杀虫剂的研究(英语)

本文主要集中反映及讨论中国植物质杀虫剂近年主要的研究成果.内容包括:印楝、苦楝、川楝、黄杜鹃、毛鱼藤、非州山毛豆、紫背金盘及其它杀虫植物.还讨论了植物质杀虫剂的活性及在害虫防治上的应用.     

印楝属(Azadirachta A. Juss.)植物分类及分布的研究现状

印楝属(Azadirachta A.Juss.)属楝科(Meliaceae)。印楝属植物由印度-马来亚(Indo-Malesian)特有成分组成,目前,世界分布(天然分布和栽培分布)约80个国家。现在得到公认并广泛使用的印楝属,传统上被归入楝属(Melia L.),由于与楝科的Antelaea、Azedarach和Trichilia的亲缘关系相近、形态特征相似,在属的归属上和种的确定上有较大的争议,被正式描述的"属"和"种"分别为5属、11种。从传统分类学水平,分析回顾了印楝属的系统位置、分类的现状与问题。并根据其地理分布,综述了印楝属植物的原产地及当今世界分布情况。     

川楝素对菜青虫中肠组织的影响

川楝素是从楝属植物树皮中提取出来的一种三萜烯类物质。过去主要作为医用药品驱除人体蛔虫,后来发现具有杀虫活性,已有较全面的综述(赵善欢和张兴,1987)。在杀虫作用研究中曾发现,川楝素对菜青虫(Pieris rapae L.)具有高的生物活性(赵善欢等,1985;张兴等,1988),可应用于田间防治。为了揭示川楝素对菜青虫幼虫致毒作用的毒理机制,曾从生理、生化等方面作了研究,本文主要报道对中肠组织病变的观察结果。     

紫金牛属植物中皂苷的研究进展

近7年来,紫金牛属植物中皂苷类成分的研究非常活跃,已相继从紫金牛属植物中分离得到34个皂苷类化合物,并对其药理活性进行了研究。本文查阅了近7年来国内外关于紫金牛属植物中皂苷的研究文献,并在此基础上对皂苷类化合物的种类、结构特点、药理活性等方面进行了系统的综述,为深入研究和开发利用紫金牛属药用植物中皂苷类成分提供详尽的参考资料。     

鱼藤属植物的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

为更好的开发利用鱼藤属植物的药理活性,本文对其化学成分研究进行了综述.经调研文献,鱼藤属植物的化学成分主要包括黄酮、异黄酮、鱼藤酮等;药理活性主要表现在抗氧化、抗菌、杀虫等方面.     

椿亚科和麻楝亚科植物化学成分和生物活性的研究进展

本文简要综述了楝科椿亚科香椿属(Toona)和洋椿属(Cedrela)以及麻楝亚科麻楝属(Chukrasia)、桃花心木属(Swietenia)和非洲楝属(Khaya)植物的化学成分和生物活性的研究情况。     

乌头属植物化学成分、药理作用及其内生菌的研究进展

毛茛科乌头属植物广泛分布于北温带地区,具有重要的药用价值。乌头属植物主要的化学成分是生物碱,其中二萜生物碱是历来的研究热点。现代药理学研究证明,乌头属植物具有镇痛、抗炎、抗肿瘤及杀虫等作用。目前乌头属植物内生菌的研究也逐渐开展。本文对乌头属植物近年来报道的新的化学成分、药理研究和利用植物内生菌产生活性成分等进行了综述,可为乌头属植物的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

RECENT STUDIES ON INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF LIMONOIDS FROM MELIACEOUS PLANTS

Abstract This is a review of recent studies on insecticidal activities of limonoids from Meliaceous plants which possess ingredients causing repellence, antifeeding. poisoning and growth inhibition against many important agricultural insects. Limonoids from the genera Melia and Azadirachta of family Meliaceae show admirable effectiveness in bioactiviry. Some species of genera Aglaia, Trichilia and Tmna contain very effective limonoids against insects as well. In this review the insecticidal mode of action of these limonoids is discussed.     

Plant species from Brazilian Caatinga: a control alternative for Aedes aegypti

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the main vector for the virus dengue, chikungunya and Zika. For its control, it is essential to search for natural products with insecticidal effects. The climatic singularity of Caatinga, an exclusive Brazilian biome, aids the survival of plants that produce secondary metabolites, which could be toxic to insects. Therefore, this review discusses the insecticidal potential of Caatinga plants on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager Software 5.4.1®. Several studies have demonstrated the insecticidal efficacy of Caatinga plants on the egg, larvae, pupae and adult phases of Ae. aegypti, with a predominance of the plant activity in the larval stage. The leaves were the most utilized part of the plant. The essential oils from Caatinga plants were significantly active against Ae. aegypti (RR = 0.21, 95 % CI = 0.07 – 0.68, p = 0.009). The most promising botanical genera as an insecticide are: Abarema, Myracrodruon, Croton, Lippia and Syagrus. Among chemical compounds from these insecticidal plants has been identified and isolated flavonoids and fatty acids. Therefore, the Caatinga plant is a promising plant that contain bioactive compounds that are useful in the control of vector insects. This could contribute to the characterisation and valorisation of flora of this biome, as well as the production of environmentally friendly insecticides with specific action on target insects.     

苏云金杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白的研究

营养期杀虫蛋白 (vegetativeinsecticidalproteins ,VIPs)是苏云金杆菌 (Bacillusthuringiensis,Bt)在对数生长中期分泌的一类新型杀虫毒蛋白。VIPs主要分为VIP1、VIP2和VIP3三种。VIP1和VIP2构成二元毒素 ,对鞘翅目叶甲科的昆虫具有杀虫特异性 ;而VIP3对鳞翅目昆虫具有较广谱的杀虫活性。VIP1和VIP2的杀虫作用机理还不清楚 ;VIP3通过诱发细胞凋亡 ,最终导致昆虫死亡 ,这种作用机理与Bt杀虫晶体蛋白的作用机理完全不同 ,这为筛选新的杀虫活性物质提供了新的思路。vip基因现已被应用于转基因杀虫植物的构建 ,得到高效抗虫的多价转基因玉米。此外 ,VIPs嵌合蛋白的构建、vip及其融合基因导入其它许多宿主微生物等方面的研究也具有诱人的潜在应用前景。     

Citrus limonoid by-products as insect control agents

Limonoids are a group of chemically related bitter tetranortriterpene derivatives found predominantly in Rutaceae and Meliaceae plants (Ourison et al., 1964). Interest in the Rutaceae limonoids has centered around limonoid removal from consumable citrus products. For example, bitterness in citrus juices (as well as in other citrus products) due to limonoids has become an increasingly serious economic problem (Wilson & Crutchfield, 1968; Sinclair, 1972). Interest in the Meliaceae limonoids, on the other hand, has centered on their efficacy as pest control and/or antitumor agents (Kubo & Klocke, 1981, 1982; Nakanishi, 1977, 1980). For example, azadirachtin, isolated from several Meliaceae trees, has proven to be a potent natural product against a myriad of insect and nematode pests (Warthen, 1979). In fact, we have isolated azadirachtin from the fresh fruit of Azadirachta indica as a potent insect ecdysis inhibitor against four agricultural pest insects with artificial diet feeding assay (Kubo & Klocke, in litt).     

昆虫病原线虫共生菌杀虫毒素研究进展

对昆虫病原线虫共生菌杀虫毒素的种类、与口服毒性有关的杀虫毒素以及口服毒性与杀虫毒素基因的关系等研究进展进行了综述,并对未来的研究方向提出了作者的见解。     

How to cope with insect resistance to Bt toxins?

Transgenic Bt crops producing insecticidal crystalline proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, so-called Cry toxins, have proved useful in controlling insect pests. However, the future of Bt crops is threatened by the evolution of insect resistance. Understanding how Bt toxins work and how insects become resistant will provide the basis for taking measures to counter resistance. Here we review possible mechanisms of resistance and different strategies to cope with resistance, such as expression of several toxins with different modes of action in the same plant, modified Cry toxins active against resistant insects, and the potential use of Cyt toxins or a fragment of cadherin receptor. These approaches should provide the means to assure the successful use of Bt crops for an extended period of time.     

蘑菇子实体内杀虫蛋白质的研究

许多蘑菇都对昆虫表现出毒性。为了证实与杀虫毒性有关的化合物,对14种蘑菇的毒性在水溶性、热敏性和可透析性等方面进行了研究。研究数据表明,蛋白质对大多数蘑菇子实体的杀虫活性起着重要作用,也许是一种可以用于植物抵抗害虫的基因源。在数种蛋白质中,凝集素和溶血素因不受蛋白酶的影响而成为良好的杀虫剂候选材料。     

鳞翅目昆虫中肠Bt杀虫蛋白受体研究进展

杀虫晶体蛋白(insecticidal crystal proteins,ICPs;含有Cry和Cyt 2大家族)和营养期杀虫蛋白(vegetative insecticidal proteins,Vips)等Bt杀虫蛋白可有效防治鳞翅目害虫,其中Cry应用最广泛。然而,一些地区的鳞翅目害虫已对Bt杀虫蛋白产生了抗性。目前,普遍认为鳞翅目昆虫中肠受体与Bt杀虫蛋白结合能力的改变是导致其对Bt杀虫蛋白产生抗性的最主要因素。在鳞翅目昆虫中,Cry受体是研究得最为透彻的Bt受体,已经被证实的有氨肽酶N、钙黏蛋白、碱性磷酸酶和ABC转运蛋白等。Vips杀虫蛋白类与鳞翅目昆虫中肠受体的结合方式与Cry杀虫蛋白相似,但结合位点与Cry杀虫蛋白不同。本文从结构特点、作用机制及不同鳞翅目昆虫间的表达差异等角度对以上4种鳞翅目昆虫中肠Bt受体进行了综述,并提出如下展望:(1)以棉铃虫或小菜蛾等鳞翅目昆虫为农业害虫模式生物进行深入研究,阐明其对Bt杀虫蛋白产生抗性的机制,为研究其他鳞翅目农业害虫对Bt杀虫蛋白产生抗性的机制提供理论借鉴;(2)鉴于在不同鳞翅目昆虫间,中肠Bt受体与Bt杀虫蛋白结合存在差异,且同一Bt杀虫蛋白与鳞翅目昆虫Bt受体并不专一性结合,Bt杀虫蛋白多基因组合策略是较为有效的田间鳞翅目昆虫防治策略,是今后一段时间内Bt杀虫蛋白应用的发展方向。     

Effect of triterpenoids and limonoids isolated from Cabralea canjerana and Carapa guianensis (Meliaceae) against Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)

The activities of two triterpenoids, ocotillone and cabraleadiol, and four limonoids, methyl angolensate, 3-beta-deacetylfissinolide, 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin, and beta-photogedunin, isolated from arillus of Carapa guianensis and fruits and seeds of Cabralea canjerana (Meliaceae), were evaluated against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. Gedunin was used as a positive control. 7-Deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin and beta-photogedunin reduced the pupal weight as occurred with gedunin. Cabraleadiol, 3-beta-deacetylfissinolide, and 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin prolonged the larval phase similar to the control (gedunin) of approximately 1.2 days at 50.0 mg kg(-1). The highest insecticidal activity was obtained for beta-photogedunin.     

Plant lectins as defense proteins against phytophagous insects

One of the most important direct defense responses in plants against the attack by phytophagous insects is the production of insecticidal peptides or proteins. One particular class of entomotoxic proteins present in many plant species is the group of carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins. During the last decade a lot of progress was made in the study of a few lectins that are expressed in response to herbivory by phytophagous insects and the insecticidal properties of plant lectins in general. This review gives an overview of lectins with high potential for the use in pest control strategies based on their activity towards pest insects. In addition, potential target sites for lectins inside the insect and the mode of action are discussed. In addition, the effect of plant lectins on non-target organisms such as beneficial insects as well as on human/animal consumers is discussed. It can be concluded that some insecticidal lectins are useful tools that can contribute to the development of integrated pest management strategies with minimal effect(s) on non-target organisms.