紫蓝红色素的研究进展

紫蓝红色素是一种有很大推广价值的天然色素。原料易栽培,见效快,色素年产量可达２．７ｔ／ｈｍ＾２,Ｅ１％１ｃｍ〉１３,关键在于水管理。色素具有醌类特性,热稳定性高,１００℃加热２ｈ,ＰＨ３－８下残存８８％以上,热降解符合一级反应动力学,光稳定性也较高,酸性溶液于自然光下９３天的残存率为６９．６％;Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、盐、糖、淀粉、琼脂、明胶、苯内等无不良影响。用于酒类、饮料、冷饮、大     

玫瑰花红色素及其稳定性研究

以玫瑰花色素作为新型天然食用色素的可行性进行了初步研究。对光、温度、ｐＨ值、氧化介质、还原介质、蔗糖、咸味（ＮａＣｌ）、铝制品（ＦｅＣｌ３）、铜制品（ＣｕＣｌ２）、锡制品（ＳｎＣｌ２）等对色素的稳定性影响,进行了初步探讨。结果表明,该色素对光、热耐受性好;适用ｐＨ值范围宽;耐氧化性较差,耐还原性较好;Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ｓｎ＾２＋对其吸光值有明显影响,Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、食盐和蔗糖则影响甚微。     

辣椒红色素稳定性研究

本文对辣椒红色素的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,色素样品的耐热、耐酸碱性较好;室内光线下,放置四周不褪色。但置于室外强阳光下曝晒,两小时后即褪色;常见金属离子中,Ｃｕ２＋可使色素立即褪色,而Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋、Ｓｎ２＋对色素影响较小     

红肉李色素稳定性的研究

本试验研究了红肉羊色素的稳定性。结果表明：红肉李色素耐热性很好,ｐＨ值对该色素有明显影响,宜在酸性食品中应用,金属离子Ｎａ＾＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋对该色素的色泽有增强作用、Ｆｅ＾２＋则有破坏作用。蔗糖对该色素无不良影响,而Ｖｃ则有不良影响,防腐剂苯甲酸钠亦有一定的不良影响。红肉李色素耐还原能力较强,耐氧化能力较差。     

心肌细胞内pH调节

心肌细胞具有自身的酸碱缓冲能力,并且通过Ｎａ＾＋／Ｈ＾＋交换蛋白、Ｎａ＾＋／ＨＣＯ＾－３同向转运和乳酸的跨膜运转使Ｈ＾＋外向转运,通过Ｃｌ＾－／ＨＣＯ＾－３交换使Ｈ＾＋内向转运等途径以维持细胞内生理ＰＨ,心肌细胞内Ｃａ＾２＋浓度受ＰＨ变化的影响。     

简介沈阳市食品发酵所科研新成果

红曲色素以玉米为原料,液体深层通风培养红曲。以微生物色素(天然色素)取代化学合成色素。水溶性红色素p1.58为国内先进水平,用于腐乳的制造和红酒的酿制,亦可作为熟肉制品、糕、糖果着色剂。此法生产红曲原料易得,成本低、效益高、便于工业的生产,采用液体红曲生     

红曲霉变异株A6产色素发酵条件研究

本文对红曲霉变异株Ａ６进行了产红曲色素发酵条件试验,发现在以６％饴糖为碳源,以０３％ＮａＮＯ３为氮源的培养基,初始ｐＨ４０～４５,接种量为１５％时产色素浓度最高。同时,考察了整个发酵过程中ｐＨ,残糖量与色素生成浓度的关系,认为发酵周期拟控制在８０～８５ｈｒ为宜。本试验还发现在发酵过程中补加适量饴糖有利于产红曲色素     

仙人掌红色素的研究

仙人掌红色素是从仙人掌科(Gactaceae)仙人掌属植物(Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl.) Hawl)的成熟果实中提取的一种天然食用色素。在pH2—8范围内呈鲜艳的紫红色。色素的主要化学成份是甜菜花青素(betacyanines):甜菜甙(betanin)。本色素为水溶性色素,对光、热不稳定,抗坏血酸能提高色素的热稳定性。     

枣皮红色素的提取及其稳定性研究

对枣皮红色素的提取工艺及其稳定性进行了系统研究。结果表明枣皮红色素水溶性较好,色素溶液对光、热比较稳定;在酸、碱、金属离子、氧化剂、蔗糖等添加剂中具有较好的稳定性;但在含氧酸根阴离子、还原剂、Vc、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾等添加剂中稳定性较差。     

新疆呼图壁种牛场地区13种优势植物水溶性盐分的含量特点及数量分析

通过对新疆呼图壁种牛场地区１３种耐盐植物水溶性盐分含量的分析,结果阐述了盐分分布和积累的特点：１）大部分植物在盐分含量水平上是：Ｎａ＾＋〉Ｋ＾＋〉Ｍｇ＾２＋〉Ｃａ＾２＋,Ｃｌ＾－〉ＳＯ４＾２－〉ＨＣＯ３＾－〉ＣＯ３＾２－,Ｎａ＾＋超过２００００μｇ／ｇ,Ｃａ＾２＋不足８００μｇ／ｇ;Ｃｌ＾－达４．１６％,ＣＯ３＾２－仅为０．１１％。全盐量平均为２５．８１％;２）ＣＯ３＾２－、ＨＣＯ３＾－和Ｃａ＾２     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various