粉防己碱对豚鼠链霉素性肾损伤的干预作用

研究粉防己碱(Tetrandrine,Tet)对链霉素(Streptomycin,SM)所致的急性肾损伤的干预作用及其保护机制。将双耳ABR阈值≤5dB健康白色红目豚鼠分为(1)正常对照组、(2)Tet组、(3)SM组、(4)SM Tet组,于第11天留取尿标本和肾组织,用浊度法测定尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)活性,用光镜、电镜观察肾组织学改变。形态学检测显示SM Tet组肾脏病理变化比SM组小,凋亡细胞也明显少于SM组。SM Tet组NAG活性比SM组低(P<0.01)。上述结果表明粉防己碱对链霉素所致的急性肾毒性效应有明显的拮抗作用,在药物性器官损伤防护中具有潜在的应用前景。     

联合标记物检测在重症感染中合并急性肾损伤的诊断价值

目的:探讨尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL)、尿肾损伤分子-1(kidneyinjury molecule-1,Kim-1)、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(N-acecyl-β-D-glucosaminidase,NAG)、尿微量白蛋白(mALB)在重症感染中合并急性肾损伤的敏感性及临床价值。方法:回顾分析60例在新疆自治区人民医院ICU住院的重症感染合并急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的尿NGAL、Kim-1、NAG及mALB的变化情况。健康体检者20例为对照组。尿NGAL、Kim-1、mALB测定采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测,尿NAG测定采用对硝基苯酚(PNP)比色法检测,并以ROC曲线分析其敏感性。结果:AKI组患者尿液中的NGAL、Kim-1、NAG、mALB的测定浓度明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),通过ROC曲线、诊断试验结果显示:尿NGAL、Kim-1曲线下面积分别为0.986、0.956,95%可信区间分别是0.968～1.004、0.910～1.001,较尿NAG、mALB更具有敏感性(P<0.001)。结论:尿NGAL、尿Kim-1的浓度检测对重症感染合并急性肾损伤的诊断更具有敏感性,与NAG、mALB联合检测有助于急性肾损伤的早期监测,对预防急性肾损伤的发生、发展具有重要的临床价值。     

骨髓间充质干细胞对大鼠急性肾损伤的修复作用

目的:观察外源性骨髓间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)对庆大霉素(Gentamycin,GM)诱导的大鼠急性肾损伤是否具有治疗作用,并初探其机制。方法:建立腹腔注射庆大霉素致大鼠急性肾损伤模型实验分为正常对照组、模型组、MSCs治疗组(模型+MSCs)、生理盐水组(模型+生理盐水)。于不同处理后4d分别检测血尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Scr)水平,观察肾组织病理改变,免疫印迹及RT-PCR法检测肾组织肝细胞生长因子(Hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)水平。结果:模型组大鼠的BUN及Scr较正常对照组显著升高,且肾小管组织病理损伤严重;而MSCs治疗组大鼠的BUN及Scr水平较生理盐水组显著降低,肾小管组织病理损伤明显减轻。此外,促肾小管损伤修复的肝细胞生长因子(HGF)表达在MSCs治疗组显著高于生理盐水组。结论:MSCs输注可促进庆大霉素所致急性肾小管损伤的修复,改善肾功能,其作用机制可能是与上调肾组织中肝细胞细胞生长因子的表达有关。     

急性力竭运动后小鼠肾细胞凋亡水平的变化及牛磺酸的保护作用

为探讨急性力竭运动后小鼠(Mus musculus)肾细胞凋亡水平的时相性变化及牛磺酸对肾的保护作用,将56只雄性小鼠随机分为对照组、力竭运动组(分为运动后即刻组、12h组、24 h组和48 h组)及牛磺酸运动组(分为12h组和24 h组),每小组8只,一次性力竭游泳运动后检测肾细胞凋亡水平、Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达、一氧化氮(NO)含量及结构型一氧化氮合酶(cNOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)活性的变化.结果显示,力竭运动后各组小鼠肾细胞凋亡水平呈先升高后下降的趋势,其中运动后24 h组的凋亡水平达峰值(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,运动各组Bax表达均显著增强(P＜0.05).除运动后即刻组外,运动各组Bcl-2表达显著减弱(P＜0.05).各组Bax/Bcl-2比值显著升高,并在运动后24 h达峰值(P＜0.01),后出现下降趋势.小鼠力竭游泳后24 h和48 h肾组织NO含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),同时iNOS活性升高(P＜0.01),cNOS活性无显著性变化.相比同时刻运动组,牛磺酸运动组小鼠肾细胞凋亡水平、Bax表达及Bax/Bcl-2比值、iNOS活性显著降低(P＜0.05),Bcl-2表达显著升高(P＜0.05).以上结果表明,急性力竭运动可导致肾细胞凋亡的发生,iNOS、Bax、Bcl-2水平及Bax/Bcl-2比值可能在肾细胞凋亡的发生过程中发挥重要的介导作用.牛磺酸可通过调控iNOS活性及Bax/Bcl-2比值,抑制急性力竭运动后小鼠肾细胞凋亡的发生.     

Roxadustat对肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的:探讨一种新型PHD抑制剂Roxadustat对小鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其可能的作用机制。方法:将雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为4组:假手术组(sham)、损伤组(IR)、损伤+低剂量给药组(IR+Rox10 mg/kg)以及损伤+高剂量组(IR+Rox25 mg/kg)。除假手术组外,其余各组分别于造模前1h、6h、12h给药,并于造模后6h、12h、24h、48h采血检测血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN),1d、2d、5d取材肾脏进行病理检测。此外,利用HK-2细胞建立缺氧模型,测定给药后细胞活力和细胞凋亡情况的变化及凋亡通路蛋白和HIF-1α的表达情况。结果:与sham组和IR组相比,给药组Scr和BUN水平均明显降低,且高剂量组Scr和BUN水平显著低于低剂量组,且给药组形态学损伤更轻,细胞凋亡明显减少。细胞学实验显示,Roxadustat能提高低氧条件下HK-2细胞的活力,降低细胞凋亡,并抑制低氧导致的Bax升高,提高Bcl-2的表达,而用HIF-1α抑制剂2-MeOE2,可消除Roxadustat对凋亡的抑制作用。结论:Roxadustat能够通过上调HIF-1α表达,抑制线粒体途径凋亡通路相关蛋白表达,减少细胞凋亡,对小鼠肾脏缺血再灌注损伤产生保护作用。     

大黄酸和迷迭香酸单用及配伍对慢性肾脏疾病的保护作用研究

目的:探讨大黄酸和迷迭香酸单用及配伍通过抗凋亡对5/6肾切除(5/6Nx)大鼠的保护作用。方法:采用5/6肾切除手术制作慢性肾损伤模型,将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、大黄酸(150 mg/kg/day)治疗组、大黄酸(75mg/kg/day)+迷迭香酸(75 mg/kg/day)治疗组和迷迭香酸(150 mg/kg/day)治疗组。给药1个月后处死大鼠,测量各组大鼠血清肌酐(Scr)和尿素氮(BUN)水平,通过HE染色观察肾组织形态学变化,通过TUNEL染色和测量肾组织中Bax、Bcl-2和cleaved caspase 3的表达检测细胞凋亡。结果:与模型组相比,大黄酸和迷迭香酸单用及配伍都可显著降低血清肌酐和尿素氮(P0.05)水平,改变组织形态学的变化和抑制肾脏细胞凋亡,且配伍的效果优于单用。结论:大黄酸和迷迭香酸配伍发挥肾保护作用明显优于单用,其作用机制与抗凋亡作用相关。     

缺血再灌注对大鼠肾脏足细胞podocin的表达影响及意义

目的:观察SD大鼠缺血再灌注肾损伤足细胞表面相关蛋白(podocin)表达的变化,探讨podocin分子在足细胞损伤中的作用.方法:60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(S组)30只和模型组(M组)30只,各组又分为lh、3h、6h、12h、24h、48h六个亚组,每个亚组各5只.采用Westemblot蛋白印迹法检测肾皮质足细胞podocin蛋白表达.并观察各组血肌酐、尿素氮的变化.结果:与S组相比,肾缺血再灌注损伤后,M组尿素氮于6h开始升高,且48h达高峰(P＜0.05);血肌酐48 h才升高(P＜0.05).Podocin 蛋白在3h表达开始下降,以后随缺血再灌注时间的延长podocin蛋白的表达逐渐下降,且48h组下降最明显(P＜0.01).结论:(1)缺血再灌注肾损伤时大鼠肾功明显发生改变,尿素氮早期开始升高,血肌酐晚期升高明显,说明造模成功.(2)大鼠肾脏足细胞podocin的蛋白表达随着缺血再灌注时间的延长而改变,早期下降不明显,3h组开始逐渐下降,48h组下降最明显.此结果表明podocin蛋白在肾脏缺血再灌注肾损伤表达减少.我们可以推想在缺血再灌注肾损伤时,podocin随缺血时间延长而表达逐渐减少的同时,也破坏了与足细胞相关蛋白之间的联系,这种关系的破坏最终导致足细胞受损.通过对足细胞表面蛋白podocin的研究,对将来肾脏足细胞损伤的防治提供新的思路.     

JNK在血糖波动的糖尿病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞凋亡中的作用

目的:探讨血糖波动的糖尿病大鼠发生肾小管上皮细胞凋亡的信号转导机制。方法:健康SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(A)、糖尿病稳定高血糖组(B)和糖尿病波动高血糖组(C),采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)65 mg/kg腹腔注射诱发糖尿病,血糖波动组每天定时腹腔注射速效胰岛素,并错时给予葡萄糖,造成一天中血糖浓度大幅度波动模型。制模12周后,采用比色法检测肾组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,免疫组化法和Western blot检测肾脏Nox4和JNK蛋白表达,原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测肾脏细胞凋亡。结果:与A组比较,B组和C组肾组织MDA含量增加、SOD活性下降,肾小管上皮细胞Nox4表达增加,肾小管磷酸化JNK(P-JNK)蛋白表达上调,细胞凋亡率明显增加,且C组的以上变化均较B组更加明显(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:波动性高血糖较稳定性高血糖更易促进糖尿病肾小管上皮细胞凋亡,其机制与JNK信号转导通路激活有关。     

人脐带间充质干细胞微囊减轻小鼠急性肾损伤的研究

目的探讨人脐带间充质干细胞（MSCs）源性细胞外囊泡Oct-4 mRNA对受损的肾小管上皮细胞修复的作用及相关机制。 方法将培养的缺氧损伤肾小管上皮细胞置于含有人脐带MSCs细胞外囊泡及不同对照培养液的培养腔室玻片上孵育48?h,应用BrdU及TUNEL染色,检测各组细胞增殖或凋亡情况。将急性肾损伤模型小鼠分为4组：空白组、EVs组、Oct-4过表达组、Oct-4低敲组。并按照分组分别注射磷酸盐缓冲液（Vehicle）,人脐带MSCs细胞外囊泡（EVs）,过表达Oct-4基因的人脐带MSCs细胞外囊泡（EVs?+?Oct-4）及敲除Oct-4基因的人脐带MSCs外囊泡（EVs-Oct-4）,并在注射48?h及2周后采血测肌酐（Crea）及尿素氮（BUN）,了解肾功能变化;对各组上述处理后的肾组织应用TUNEL与增殖细胞核抗原表达量检测各组肾脏细胞凋亡与增殖情况;通过Masson染色检测了各组肾脏纤维化程度;通过PCR探索肾损伤后肾组织细胞Snail基因的表达变化。数据分析采用方差分析和SNK-q检验。 结果EVs?+ Oct-4处理缺氧的肾小管上皮细胞48?h后,TUNEL染色显示具有最少的凋亡细胞数（0~1）/?HPF,BrdU显示有最多的增殖细胞（7±2）/HPF。EVs,EV-Oct-4以及Vehicle对体外缺氧肾小管上皮细胞的上述作用依次减弱（P?相似文献   

应用超声微泡在感染性休克致急性肾损伤中的作用

为了探讨超声微泡在感染性休克致急性肾损伤中的作用。本研究选取健康雄性8周龄SD大鼠45只,随机分为假手术组、模型组和超声微泡组,每组15只,其中模型组和超声微泡组大鼠建立感染性休克致急性肾损伤模型,超声微泡组给予1.0 W/cm2超声辐照处理,采用全自动生化分析以检测血肌酐(Scr)、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)和尿酸氮(BUN),HE染色观察肾组织形态,免疫组化法观察细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)蛋白表达,Western blotting检测肝细胞生长因子(HGF)和表皮生长因子(EGF)蛋白表达。发现模型组和超声微泡组Scr和BUN明显高于假手术组(p0.05),而Ccr明显低于假手术组(p0.05);超声微泡组Scr和BUN值较模型组有所降低(p0.05),而Ccr值较模型组有所上升(p0.05);模型组和超声微泡组HGF和EGF蛋白明显低于假手术组(p0.05);超声微泡组HGF和EGF蛋白表达分别为(0.398±0.054)和(0.454±0.040),较模型组有所上升(p0.05);假手术组肾脏组织ICAM-1、MCP-1蛋白无表达,模型组ICAM-1、MCP-1蛋白表达明显,而超声微泡组ICAM-1、MCP-1蛋白表达较模型组有所减弱。说明超声微泡对感染性休克致急性肾损伤有改善作用,可降低肾脏组织ICAM-1和MCP-1蛋白表达,抑制HGF和EGF蛋白的表达,因此本研究的各项指标均作为急性肾损伤早期诊断和术后检测的指标,为寻找准确有效的急性肾损伤治疗方案提供参考依据。     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

我国葫芦科植物离体培养研究进展

葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。