胃癌CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白表达与临床病理特征的关系

目的探讨细胞粘附分子CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白表达与胃癌临床病理学行为和患者预后的关系. 方法应用高敏感性催化信号放大系统(catalyzed signal amplification,CSA)原位杂交和免疫组化技术,对17例早期胃癌、21例中期胃癌和57例晚期胃癌组织进行CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白检测,并结合肿瘤的病理学行为和临床随访资料进行分析.结果在胃癌中,CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白的表达阳性率分别为85.3%和82.1%.CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白表达阳性率在晚期胃癌明显高于早、中期胃癌(P<0.05).CD44v6 mRNA表达与蛋白表达水平具有一致性,均与胃癌浆膜浸润,淋巴结转移和患者预后呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 CD44v6 mRNA及其蛋白异常表达与胃癌的临床病理生物学行为密切相关,特别是与胃癌细胞的转移潜能和胃癌患者的不良预后密切相关.CD44v6蛋白水平的表达可以间接反映其mRNA转录水平,并可作为预测胃癌转移潜能和患者预后的一个新的生物学指标.     

CD44v6和PTEN在胃印戒细胞癌中的表达意义

目的:探讨CD44v6和PTEN在胃印戒细胞癌组织中的表达与临床病理特征及预后之间的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP二步法,检测73例胃印戒细胞癌组织中CD44v6及PTEN的表达,分析CD44v6、PTEN与胃印戒细胞癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移、器官转移、临床分期和三年生存率的关系.结果:73例胃印戒细胞癌组织中CD44v6阳性率为78.1%(57/73),PTEN阳性表达率为34.2%(25/73),PTEN表达与器官转移、临床分期有差异(P＜0.05),CD44v6、PTEN表达均与胃印戒细胞癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移有差异(P＜0.05).两者之间Spearman等级表达呈负相关(r=-0.214,P＜0.05);Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示PTEN阴性组三年生存率16.1%显著低于PTEN阳性组66.9%(P＜0.01).结论:进行CD44v6和PTEN免疫组织化学检测对评估胃印戒细胞癌的预后具有一定意义.     

胃癌及相应癌旁组织中VEGF、CD34、CD44v6的检测及临床意义

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、CD34和CD44v6在胃癌及相应癌旁组织中的表达及其与临床病理意义.方法:应用免疫组化技术检测60例胃癌以及相应癌旁组织中VEGF、CD34和CD44v6的表达.结果:胃癌组织VEGF阳性率为71.67%(43/60)明显低于癌旁组织88.34%(53/60),两组间有显著性差异(P=0.022);VEGF阳性表达与胃癌病理分级、浸润深度、淋巴结转移和临床分期密切相关(P＜0.05).癌旁组织中微血管密度(MVD)明显高于癌组织MVD(P=0.000),有淋巴结转移癌组织中MVD高于无淋巴结转移者(P=0.043),并随浸润深度、临床分期MVD升高(P=0.046,P=0.000).癌旁组织中CD44v6阳性率为48.34%(29/60)低于癌组织的61.67%(37/60),两者无明显差别.CD44v6的阳性率随胃癌浸润的加深而升高,与淋巴结转移和TNM分期呈正相关.VEGF、CD34及CD44v6三指标间两两相关(P＜0.05).结论:VEGF、CD34和CD44v6三者联合检测有助于判断胃癌的浸润、转移及预后情况.     

MOC-31和CD44v6在良恶性腹水鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨检测肿瘤标志物MOC-31和CD44v6对鉴别良恶性腹水的诊断价值。方法利用液基薄层细胞学自动涂片技术方法筛查出查到肿瘤细胞的恶性腹水标本390例以及良性腹水标本100例,分别采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)和免疫细胞化学染色检测MOC-31和CD44v6的含量和表达情况。结果 ELISA结果显示MOC-31和CD44v6在良性腹水中的含量分别为21±4ng/ml和291±32ng/ml,在恶性腹水中的含量分别为98.1±19.3ng/ml和891±116ng/ml,差异均具有显著性(P<0.05);免疫细胞化学染色显示MOC-31在恶性腹水细胞中阳性表达250例,良性腹水细胞中阳性表达5例;CD44v6在恶性腹水细胞中阳性表达266例,良性腹水细胞中阳性表达3例,差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 MOC-31和CD44v6可以做为良恶性腹水鉴别诊断的重要指标,值得在临床病理工作中推广应用。     

CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF在胃癌的表达及临床意义

目的:检测胃癌组织中CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF表达情况及其与胃癌临床病理因素的关系,并探讨其表达与胃裸区侵犯的临床意义。方法:采用免疫组化方法测定60例胃癌组织CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF表达情况,并结合患者的临床病理资料进行分析。结果:CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF的表达与胃癌的TNM分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关。胃裸区受侵组与未受侵组胃癌组织的CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF的表达无明显差异。结论:CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF的表达与胃癌的浸润转移密切相关,胃裸区是否受侵与胃癌组织的CD44v6、MMP-9、VEGF的表达无关,胃裸区这一解剖结构可能是胃癌预后较差的原因。     

CK19和MC在肺癌患者胸水中的表达及意义

目的探讨CK19和MC在肺癌患者胸水中的诊断价值。方法应用免疫细胞化学方法(S-P)研究44例肺癌患者胸水中的癌细胞和26例肺良性疾病胸水中的反应性间皮细胞的表达。结果CK19在肺癌患者胸水中的阳性率95.5%(42/44)明显高于在良性胸水中的阳性率7.7%(2/26),差异非常显著(P<0.01);而MC在良性胸水中的阳性率96.2%(25/26)明显高于在肺癌患者胸水中的阳性率22.7%(10/44),差异也非常显著(P<0.01);当CK19和MC联合应用时为最佳选择,其敏感性和特异性分别高达100%和88.5%。结论CK19和MC对肺癌患者胸水中癌细胞的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

胃癌中CD44v6 表达及与微血管密度和生物学行为的关系

目的:探讨CD44v6在胃癌中的表达及其与微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)和生物学行为的关系。方法:采用免疫组化法检测80例胃癌组织CD44v6、CD34的表达,以CD34标记肿瘤微血管,并在显微镜下计数微血管密度(MVD)。结果:CD44v6在胃癌组织中的表达与肿瘤浸润深度、临床分期、淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05),CD44v6强阳性表达组中MVD明显高于CD44v6阴性表达组(P<0.05)。结论:CD44v6的表达和MVD计数是反映胃癌生物学特性的良好的指标,对判断胃癌的浸润转移具有一定的临床意义。     

ICAM-1和CD44v6在结、直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:了解ICAM-1和CD44v6在结、直肠癌中的表达,探讨它们与结直肠癌侵袭与转移的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学pv-9000二步法检测ICAM-1和CD44v6在40例结直肠癌和30例大肠良性腺瘤组织中的表达情况,并分析其与结直肠癌临床病理特征的关系.结果:40例结、直肠癌和30例大肠良性腺瘤中,ICAM-1的表达阳性率分别是72.5%(29/40)、33.3%(10/30),CD44v6的表达阳性率分别是88.9%(27/40)、26.7%(8/30). ICAM-1和CD44v6的表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤细胞分化程度无关,但与淋巴结转移、Dukes分期具有相关性(p<0.05).有淋巴结转移、Dukes分期在C+D期者,ICAM-1和CD44v6的表达阳性率均明显升高.ICAM-1和CD44v6在大肠良性腺瘤中呈低表达或不表达.ICAM-1和CD44v6两者均阳性表达时,其预测结、直肠癌淋巴结转移的特异性升高,有一定的临床意义.结论:CD44v6和ICAM-1的阳性表达预示结直肠癌具有较强的侵袭转移能力,可作为预测结直肠癌转移潜能的生物学指标.     

变异性分化抗原簇44（CD44v17）对宫颈癌的临床诊断意义

目的:探讨CD44v17对宫颈癌的临床诊断意义。方法:将CD44v17si RNA、CD44v17、生理盐水转染至传代后的人宫颈癌细胞。检测细胞转染后存活率;检测细胞凋亡率。在裸鼠左肩背部注入人宫颈癌细胞悬液,随机分为CD44v17组、CD44v17si RNA组、对照组。在CD44v17组、CD44v17si RNA组裸鼠瘤体内分别注入CD44v17病毒颗粒、CD44v17si RNA病毒颗粒。检测瘤体的质量与体积。选取疑有宫颈病变患者阴道镜下活检组织80例,正常宫颈组织15例、宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)I级组织l5例、CIN II级15例、CIN III级组织15例和宫颈癌组织20例。检测CD44v17在不同组织中的表达量。结果:CD44v17si RNA转染的宫颈癌细胞凋亡率(19.20±2.14%)高于CD44v17转染的宫颈癌细胞凋亡率(6.13±1.08%)(P0.05)。CD44v17组裸鼠瘤体质量(15.9±3.4)g高于对照组裸鼠瘤体质量(11.8±2.7)g(P0.05)。CD44v17在不同组织中的表达量,按正常宫颈、CINⅠ级、CINⅡ级、CINⅢ级、宫颈癌发展过程呈递增趋势(P0.05)。结论:CD44v17能抑制宫颈癌细胞凋亡,促进宫颈癌细胞的生长、增殖。通过降低CD44v17表达量可能是遏制CIN向宫颈癌发展的一个手段。     

干细胞标志物CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4在胃癌组织中表达及其临床意义

目的探究在胃癌组织中干细胞标志物CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4表达的临床意义。方法选择重庆两江新区第一人民医院消化内科收治的51例胃癌患者作为研究对象,同时选取门诊治疗的70例患有其他胃部良性、恶性疾病患者,比较胃癌患者与其他胃部良性、恶性疾病患者CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4的表达阳性率;比较癌干细胞标记物CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4的表达与胃癌临床特征之间以及淋巴结状态的关系。表达阳性率,癌干细胞标记物的表达与胃癌临床特征之间比较采用c2检验。结果胃癌组CD133、CD44v6、PSCA、Oct-4阳性率分别为64.71%、68.63%、66.67%、60.78%,与慢性浅表性胃炎、萎缩性胃炎、胃溃疡、胃息肉、胃腺瘤比较表达阳性率明显更高,差异有统计学意义(c2值分别为31.583、33.475、30.171、28.751,P值均为0.000)。中+低分化CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4阳性率分别为55.56%、55.56%、55.56%和58.33%,高于高分化的26.67%、33.33%、26.67%和33.33%(c2值分别为3.547、2.092、3.547、2.648,P值分别为0.069、0.142、0.069、0.104);浸润深度T3~T4 CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4阳性率分别为52.94%、70.59%、58.82%和64.71%,高于T1~T2 CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4阳性率23.53%、41.18%、23.53%和35.29%(c2值分别为3.997、4.113、5.667、3.960,P值分别为0.041、0.032、0.014、0.046);肿块最大径≥5 cm CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4阳性率分别为48.57%、57.14%、45.71%和48.57%,高于<5cm CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4阳性率18.75%、25.00%、12.50%和18.75%(c2值分别为4.097、4.554、5.304、4.097,P值分别为0.037、0.024、0.019、0.037)。转移灶CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4的表达阳性率分别为50.00%、50.00%、46.15%和53.85%,原发灶CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4的表达阳性率64.00%、48.00%、40.00%和52.00%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(c2分别为1.018、0.020、0.197和0.017,P值分别为0.376、0.894、0.769和0.913)。结论肿瘤干细胞标志物CD133、CD44v6、PSCA和Oct-4表达,在胃癌的临床诊断中作为分子标记使用,与胃癌的分化程度、浸润深度与肿块最大径有关,但与胃癌的淋巴结转移无关,对胃癌的发病情况有指示作用,具有临床使用价值。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.