Factors Affecting Electro－Fusion and Electro－Activation In Serial Nuclear Transplantation In Goat（Carpa hircus） Embryo

ＦａｃｔｏｒｓＡｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇＥｌｅｃｔｒｏ－ＦｕｓｉｏｎａｎｄＥｌｅｃｔｒｏ－ＡｃｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎＩｎＳｅｒｉａｌＮｕｃｌｅａｒＴｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎＩｎＧｏａｔ（Ｃａｒｐａｈｉｒｃｕｓ）ＥｍｂｒｙｏＷＡＮＧＹｕ－ｇｅ（王玉阁）;ＺＯＵＸ...     

Existence and Functions of Neurotens in Human Early Placental Villi

ＥｘｉｓｔｅｎｃｅａｎｄＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＮｅｕｒｏｔｅｎｓｉｎＨｕｍａｎＥａｒｌｙＰｌａｃｅｎｔａｌＶｉｌｌｉＺＨＡＮＧＣｈｏｎｇ－ｌｉ（张崇理）;ＣＨＥＮＧＬｉ－ｒｅｎ（程丽仁）,ＳＨＥＮＷｅｉ－ｂｉｎ（沈卫斌）;ＹＩＮＨｏｎｇ（殷红）;ＨＵ...     

Expression of Porcine Growth Hormone Gene in CHO Cell

ＥｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆＰｏｒｃｉｎｅＧｒｏｗｔｈＨｏｒｍｏｎｅＧｅｎｅｉｎＣＨＯＣｅｌｌＣＨＥＮＱｉｎｇ－ｘｕａｎ（陈清轩）;ＨＥＸｉｎ（何新）;ＤＥＮＧＨｕｉ－ｎａｎ（邓辉南）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｌＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,Ａｃ...     

G蛋白Rap1活化新机制：GEFs研究进展

小分子Ｇ蛋白Ｒａｓ超家庭成员都是通过与鸟苷酸交换因子（ｇｕａｎｉｎｅ ｎｕｃｌｅｏｔｉｄｅ ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ,ＧＥＦｓ）结合而被活化,ＧＥＦｓ能增加这类小分子Ｇ蛋白对ＧＴＰ的摄取,并使之形成有活性的ＧＴＰ结合构象。Ｒａｐ１是Ｒａｓ样的小分子Ｇ蛋白。迄今为止,已发现Ｇ３Ｇ、ＣａｌＤＡＧ－ＧＥＦ１、Ｅｐａｃ、ｃＡＭ－ＧＥＦ１、ｃＡＭＰ－ＧＥＦⅡ、ｎＲａｐＧＥＰ、ＧＦＲ可特异的活化Ｒａｐ     

Genetic Engineering of Tobacco with Double Resistance to Both Virus and Insect

ＧｅｎｅｔｉｃＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇｏｆＴｏｂａｃｃｏｗｉｔｈＤｏｕｂｌｅＲｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｔｏＢｏｔｈＶｉｒｕｓａｎｄＩｎｓｅｃｔＬＩＡＮＧＸｉａｏ－ｙｏｕ;（梁晓友）ＭＩＪｉｎｇ－ｊｉｕ;（米景九）,ＰａｎＮａｉ－ｓｕｉ（潘乃隧）,ＣＨＥＮｚｈ...     

SELF-TRAINING NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR REAL TIME TOMOGRAPHY DATA PROCESSING

ＳＥＬＦ—ＴＲＡＩＮＩＮＧＮＥＵＲＡＬＮＥＴＷＯＲＫＭＯＤＥＬＦＯＲＲＥＡＬＴＩＭＥＴＯＭＯＧＲＡＰＨＹＤＡＴＡＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＩＮＧＹｕ．Ｋｕｌｃｈｉｎ;Ｏ．Ｋａｍｅｎｅｙ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ,ＦａｒＥａｓｔｅｒｎＳｔａｔｅＴｅｃ...     

Detection and Analysis of an Estrous－associated Oviductal Glycoprotein DNA Fragment from Primates by PCR

ＤｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆａｎＥｓｔｒｏｕｓ－ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄＯｖｉｄｕｃｔａｌＧｌｙｃｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎＤＮＡＦｒａｇｍｅｎｔｆｒｏｍＰｒｉｍａｔｅｓｂｙＰＣＲ￥ＣＨＥＮＱｉｎｇ－ｘｕａｎ（陈清轩）;ＣｌａｙｔｏｎＥ．Ｗａｌｔｏ...     

贵州省西北部“百里杜鹃林”的土壤生态条件

贵州省西北部“百里杜鹃林”的土壤生态条件庞纯焘,宋铭荷,田光普（贵州教育学院,贵阳５５０００３）（贵州农学院,贵阳５５０００６）ＳｏｉｌＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＣｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅ＂ＨｕｎｄｒｅｄＬｉ（５００ｍ）ＡｚａｌｅａＦｏｒｃｓｔ＂ｉｎＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔＧｕｉｚｈｏｕＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ￥ＰａｎｇＣｈｕｎｔａｏ;ＳｏｎｇＭｉｎｇｈｅ（ＧｕｉｚｈｏｕＥｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ,Ｇｕｉｙａｎｇ５５０００３）,ＴｉａｎＧｕａｎｇｐｕ（ＧｕｉｚｈｏｕＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ,Ｇｕｉｙａｎｇ５５０００６）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（１）：４９－５２。Ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｖａｓｔａｒｅａｏｆａｚａｌｅａ（Ｒｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｓｐｐ．）ｆｏｒｅｓｔｉｎＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔＧｕｉｚｈｏｕＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ,Ａｔｆｌｏｗｅｒｉｎｇｓｅａｓｏｎｉｎｓｕｍｍｅｒ,ｉｔｂｅｃｏｍｅｓａｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆｔｏｕｒｉｓｔａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｉｓｒｅｇｉｏｎｉｓｓｏｆａｓｃｉｎａｔｉｎｇｔｈａｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｃａｌｌｉｔ＂ＨｕｎｄｒｅｄＬｉ（５００ｍ）ＡｚａｌｅａＦｏｒｅｓ     

生物技术文献与专利统计(1999年度)

类别文献(篇数)专利(件数)ＡＧＥＮＥＴＩＣＥＮＧＩＮＥＥＲＩＮＧＡＮＤＦＥＲＭＥＮＴＡＴＩＯＮＡ1ＮｕｃｌｅｉｃＡｃｉｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ20574151Ａ2Ｆｅｒｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎ1326498ＢＥＮＧＩＮＥＥＲＩＮＧＢ1ＢｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ432131ＣＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＣ1ＳｅｎｓｏｒｓａｎｄＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓ11293ＤＰＨＡＲＭＡＣＥＵＴＩＣＡＬＳＤ1....     

温度,pH对菌根真菌生长影响的研究

温度、ｐＨ对菌根真菌生长影响的研究韩桂云,齐玉臣,刘忱,周玉芝（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＴｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｐＨｏｎＭｙｃｏｒｒｂｉｚａｌＦｕｎｇｕｓＧｒｏｗｔｈ￥ＨａｎＧｕｉｙｕｎ;ＱｉＹｕＣｈｅｎ;ＬｉｕＣｈｅｎ;ＺｈｏｕＹｕｚｈｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ,Ｓｈｅｎｙａｎｇ１１００１５）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（１）：１５－１９。ＴｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｐＨｏｎｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｏｆ１９ｐｕｒｅｓｔｒａｉｎｓｏｆｍｙｃｏｒｒｈｉｚａｌｆｕｎｇｉａｒｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄ．ＴｈｅｏｐｔｉｍｕｍｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｐＨａｒｅｆｏｕｎｄａｎｄｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎａｄａｐｔａｂｌｅｒａｎｇｅｓｏｆｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｐＨｆｏｒｍｙｃｏｒｒｈｉｚａｌｆｕｎｇｕｓｇｒｏｗｔｈａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｒｅｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｄ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ,ｐＨ,     

不同生育期遮光对水稻生长发育和产量形成的影响

研究了不同生育期遮光45%(水稻生长的前期、中1期、中2期、后期)对水稻形态发育、光合产物积累、稻株养分含量、产量构成等的影响,并重点研究了植株对N、P、K养分的吸收规律。结果表明,各期遮光后均使干物质积累速率降低,植株N、P、K养分吸收量减少,对产量有不同程度的影响,但植株体内N、P、K养分含量上升。前期遮光主要使分蘖数急剧下降,有效穗数减少,叶面积系数下降,产量下降11.56%,但株高增加;中1期遮光后对水稻生长影响不大,产量仅降低5.46%;中2期遮光主要使每穗粒数和千粒重下降,对产量影响较大,降低幅度达30.80%;后期遮光主要影响结实粒和千粒重,其产量最低,降低55.40%.文中还对弱光照条件下的生育期安排和施肥决策提出了建议.     

Ramet size equalisation in a clonal plant,Phragmites australis

The influence of shading from older generations of dead culms (standing litter) on density, growth rate and development of size structure at the ramet level was investigated in a pure stand of Phragmites australis by experimental neutral shading of plots after removal of standing litter. Initial differences in height distribution between autumn and spring cohorts disappeared in the course of shoot growth. The Gini coefficients of shoot heights and estimated shoot weights indicated that the size structure of the shoots became more equal with increasing mean size in both shaded and unshaded plots. Relative growth rate for height (RHGR) and weight of individual shoots was negatively related to shoot size during the early and presumably storage-dependent growth period, suggesting a strong support for growth of smaller shoots. No etiolation was indicated by mean or maximum height in shaded and unshaded plots, or by the relationship between shoot height and weight. Mean shoot density was significantly lower in shaded than in unshaded plots in one of two shade treatment years. A regression model indicated a small but significant effect of shoot density on the approximately linear relationship between RHGR and the logarithm of height. The growth rate of small shoots was slightly larger at low than at high shoot density. Therefore, it is suggested that the shade from standing litter in P. australis stands can decrease shoot natality in the spring cohort, and thereby increase the support to fewer small shoots.     

不同遮光处理对川西柳叶菜部分形态、生长和生理指标的影响

以自然光照为对照,对轻度、中度和重度遮光条件下(遮光率分别为24%、48%和72%)川西柳叶菜( Epilobium fangii C. J. Chen et al.)的部分形态、生长和生理指标进行比较分析。分析结果显示：遮光处理对川西柳叶菜的MDA含量无显著影响,对叶长、花冠宽、叶干质量分配比例以及叶绿素a( Chla)、叶绿素b( Chlb)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量及Chla/Chlb值有显著影响(P<0.05),对其余指标有极显著影响(P<0.01)。与对照相比,3个遮光处理组的单株根数、株高、主茎长和基径总体上显著下降,根长在轻度和中度遮光条件下略升高、在重度遮光条件下显著升高;3个遮光处理组的单株叶片数和叶长总体上显著下降,叶宽在轻度和中度遮光条件下略下降、在重度遮光条件下显著升高,叶厚在轻度遮光条件下显著升高、在中度遮光条件下略下降、在重度遮光条件下显著下降;3个遮光处理组的花柄长、花管长和花冠高显著升高,单株开花数在轻度遮光条件下略下降、在中度遮光条件下显著升高、在重度遮光条件下显著下降,花冠宽在轻度和中度遮光条件下略升高、在重度遮光条件下显著升高。与对照相比,3个遮光处理组的全株干质量和茎干质量分配比例均显著下降;根干质量分配比例和根冠比在轻度遮光条件下显著升高、在中度和重度遮光条件下略下降;地上部干质量分配比例在轻度遮光条件下显著下降、在中度和重度遮光条件下略升高;叶干质量分配比例在轻度和中度遮光条件下略下降、在重度遮光条件下略升高。在轻度和中度遮光条件下,叶片的Chla、Chlb和Car含量基本上显著高于对照,Chla/Chlb值分别略低于或显著低于对照;而在重度遮光条件下这4个指标均略高于对照。与对照相比,轻度和中度遮光条件下叶片的H2 O2含量和SOD活性略升高,MDA含量和总抗氧化能力略下降;总酚含量在轻度遮光条件下略下降、在中度遮光条件下略升高;重度遮光条件下这5个指标均显著升高。随着遮光程度的增强,川西柳叶菜的单株根数、株高、主茎长、基径和叶厚逐渐下降,而叶宽、全株干质量、叶干质量分配比例、H2 O2含量、SOD活性和总酚含量逐渐升高;其中,在中度遮光条件下,其单株开花数、花柄长、花管长、花冠高、花冠宽和花干质量分配比例最高。结果表明：在遮光条件下,川西柳叶菜可在形态、生长和生理上调整生长策略,完成发育过程;并且,中度遮光有利于其生殖分配,提高其观赏价值。     

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Nutrient Supply on Tiller Bud Outgrowth in Barley (Hordeum distichum L.)

Seedlings of spring barley were raised in 100 and 20% nutrientsolution and treated with a foliar application of Terpal, Cerone,TIBA, GA₃ or BAP. The growth of individual tiller buds and tillers,the main shoot and the root system was recorded over the following15 d. Terpal and Cerone stimulated tiller bud elongation within5 d at both nutrient levels and after 15 d the number of emergedtillers was increased at the higher nutrient level. Terpal characteristicallypromoted the growth of secondary tiller buds whereas Ceronepromoted the emergence of the coleoptile tiller; both thesePGRs also retarded the development of the main shoot. TIBA increasedthe number of elongating tiller buds but this did not resultin greater tillering. GA₃ reduced the number of elongating tillerbuds and restricted their growth, especially in the high nutrientregime; this was accompanied by an increase in main shoot elongation.The growth and development of tiller buds was reduced by BAPand the number of emerged tillers was reduced at 15 d in bothnutrient levels; main shoot dry weight and root elongation werealso reduced. The results are considered in relation to theoverall influence of hormonal factors and mineral supply ontiller bud outgrowth. Hordeum distichum, spring barley, tiller bud outgrowth, plant growth regulators, Terpal, Cerone, GA₃, BAP, nutrient supply, apical dominance, TIBA     

Effects of phosphorus nutrition on tiller emergence in wheat

Phosphorus (P) deficiency limits the yield of wheat, particularly by reducing the number of ears per unit of area because of a poor tiller emergence. The objectives of this work were to (i) determine whether tiller emergence under low phosphorus availability is a function of the availability of assimilates for growth or a direct result of low P availability, (ii) attempt to establish a quantitative relation between an index of the availability of P in the plant and the effects of P deficiency on tiller emergence, and (iii) to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in tiller emergence in field-grown wheat. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. INTA Oasis), was grown in the field under drip irrigation on a typic Argiudol, low in P (5.5 μg P g^-1 soil Bray & Kurtz I) in Balcarce, Argentina. Treatments consisted of the combination of three levels of P fertilization 0, 60 and 200 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1, and two levels of assimilate availability, a control (non-shaded) and 65% of reduction in incident irradiance from seedling emergence until the end of tillering (shaded). Phosphorus treatments significantly modified the pattern of growth and development of the plants. Shading reduced the growth and concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates in leaves and stems. Leaf photosynthetic rate at saturating irradiance was reduced by P deficiency, but was not affected by shading. At shoot P concentrations less than 4.2 g P kg^-1 the heterogeneity in the plant population increased with respect to the number of plants bearing a certain tiller. At a shoot P concentration of 1.7 g P kg^-1 tillering ceased completely. Phosphorus deficiency directly altered the normal pattern of tiller emergence by slowing the emergence of leaves on the main stem (i.e. increasing the phyllochron), and by reducing the maximum rate of tiller emergence for each tiller. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The effect of tiller removal and tiller defoliation on competition between the main shoot and tillers of spring barley

In glasshouse and field experiments the source-sink relations of the main shoot of plants of spring barley were modified by tiller removal and tiller defoliation. Decreasing competition by tiller removal promoted the growth of the residual main shoot and its component parts, and the earlier tillers were removed the greater was the effect. Stem dry weight was increased four-fold in the glasshouse by early tiller removal and was doubled in the field experiment. The grain yield of the main shoot ear was increased by 26 – 30% by tiller removal compared with tillering control plants and this was due to larger grains in all spikelet positions. On the other hand increasing competition by regular tiller defoliation had relatively little effect on the growth and development of the main shoot in the glasshouse study, but in the field the main shoot grain yield was reduced by 10% compared with the control. The main effect of tiller defoliation was on the development of tillers. In the glasshouse tillers survived repeated defoliation, continued to be produced, and the majority produced grain but with fewer and smaller grains per ear than in control plants. Tiller growth was supported by the import of assimilate from the main shoot and this was accompanied by an increase in the photosynthetic rate of the main shoot leaves. In the field all defoliated tillers died within 4 wk. These responses are discussed in terms of the physiological interrelations between the main shoot and tillers.     

Effects of seed treatment with a plant growth regulator on growth and tillering in spring barley (Hordeum distichum) cv. Triumph

Doses of the growth retardant, Terpal, were applied to seeds of spring barley. Germination was delayed as the concentration and duration of exposure to Terpal increased. Tiller bud outgrowth was promoted in treated seedlings and at maturity the total tiller production and number of ear-bearing tillers per plant was increased by the Terpal treatment. The yield of the main shoot was similar in both control and treated plants but the mean ear weight of the tillers was reduced in the latter, and thus there was no overall effect of the treatment on yield. Observations on vegetative plants showed that Terpal also reduced the growth of successive main shoot leaves and the elongation and dry weight of the seminal root system. The results are discussed in terms of an early modification in the distribution of resources during establishment that favour the outgrowth of tiller buds at the expense of the initial development of the main shoot and root system. It is proposed that seed treatment is a viable alternative to foliar spraying particularly in arid regions.     

He－Ne激光照射糙米种胚对水稻当代生长发育的影响

Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光处理水稻去壳种子可以促进分蘖,提高成秧率和成穗率,增加有效穗数和每穗总粒数、千粒重及单株产量。但结实率降低、生育期延长。株高、穗长虽略有增加,但不明显。     

UV-B辐射增强对水稻生长发育及其产量形成的影响

在盆载条件下,研究UV-B辐射（280-320nm）增强对3个不同类型水稻品种（组合）的生长发育及其产量构成的影响。结果表明,UV-B辐射增强明显抑制水稻生长,使株高变矮、分蘖数减少、叶面积和干物质量下降,但其抑制程度依品种、水稻所处的生长阶段的不同而不同;株高在苗期下降幅度最大,为9.4%-12.2%,干物质量在分蘖期下降幅度最大,地下部和地上部干物质量分别下降45.3%-59.8%、54.9%-59.0%,增强的UV-B辐射使水稻主茎不同叶位的出叶时间延迟,生育期延长,汕优63、南川、IR65600-85的抽穗时间分别比对照延迟2d、3d和7d,成熟期分别推迟3d、4d和9d,UV-B辐射增强明显降低水稻叶片的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,叶片叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学参数Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo下降,与对照相比,汕优6.3、南川、IR65600-85叶片的净光合速率分别下降了11.9%、12.8%、29.7%,UV-B辐射增强使水稻每株有效穗、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重下降,最终导致水稻籽粒产量下降25.2%-31.1%。     

Over-expression of OsPIN2 leads to increased tiller numbers, angle and shorter plant height through suppression of OsLAZY1

Crop architecture parameters such as tiller number, angle and plant height are important agronomic traits that have been considered for breeding programmes. Auxin distribution within the plant has long been recognized to alter architecture. The rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome contains 12 putative PIN genes encoding auxin efflux transporters, including four PIN1 and one PIN2 genes. Here, we report that over-expression of OsPIN2 through a transgenic approach in rice (Japonica cv. Nipponbare) led to a shorter plant height, more tillers and a larger tiller angle when compared with wild type (WT). The expression patterns of the auxin reporter DR5::GUS and quantification of auxin distribution showed that OsPIN2 over-expression increased auxin transport from the shoot to the root-shoot junction, resulting in a non-tissue-specific accumulation of more free auxin at the root-shoot junction relative to WT. Over-expression of OsPIN2 enhanced auxin transport from shoots to roots, but did not alter the polar auxin pattern in the roots. Transgenic plants were less sensitive to N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an auxin transport inhibitor, than WT in their root growth. OsPIN2-over-expressing plants had suppressed the expression of a gravitropism-related gene OsLazy1 in the shoots, but unaltered expression of OsPIN1b and OsTAC1, which were reported as tiller angle controllers in rice. The data suggest that OsPIN2 has a distinct auxin-dependent regulation pathway together with OsPIN1b and OsTAC1 controlling rice shoot architecture. Altering OsPIN2 expression by genetic transformation can be directly used for modifying rice architecture.