青海产三种特色果实多糖及其活性比较

用水提醇沉法提取了青海产宁夏枸杞、黑枸杞、西伯利亚白刺三种特色果实的水溶性总多糖,利用理化方法测定并比较了三种多糖的理化性质及其抗氧化活性和对腹腔巨噬细胞NO分泌功能的影响。三种植物多糖分子量范围为130000~2350000;单糖组成都含有甘露糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖及阿拉伯糖,但半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖和阿拉伯糖的相对含量差异明显;三者的糖醛酸含量及蛋白质含量也有明显差异。活性测定结果表明,西伯利亚白刺多糖具有明显的DPPH清除能力,其IC50值达到0.19 mg/m L,表现出较强的抗氧化活性,而黑枸杞与宁夏枸杞多糖的活性较弱;三种多糖均可显著增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的NO分泌水平,显示一定的免疫增强活性。     

宁夏不同地区灵武长枣果实多糖的单糖成分分析

以宁夏4个不同地区(灵武、中宁、青铜峡、银川)成熟期的灵武长枣果实为研究对象,经水提醇沉法提取,采用DEAE-cellulose52和HW-55S分离纯化,并利用GC-MS法进行多糖的单糖组成分析。结果表明:多糖提取率最高的是灵武地区,达到1.795%;分离纯化后,4个地区的长枣多糖各得到1个中性(Ju-0)和3个酸性组分(Ju-1、Ju-2、Ju-3),其中Ju-2含量最高;GC-MS分析可知灵武长枣多糖含有阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、核糖、岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸10种单糖,不含果糖,以阿拉伯糖、核糖、半乳糖和2种糖醛酸为主,木糖含量最低。各地区多糖的单糖组成、含量各不相同,从各组分来看,四个地区多糖的Ju-0和Ju-1组分组成均以阿拉伯糖、核糖、半乳糖为主,四个地区多糖的组成差异主要在于Ju-2和Ju-3组分。从各地区单糖总量来看,灵武地区是阿拉伯糖含量最高,中宁、青铜峡、银川地区以葡萄糖醛酸含量为最高。     

不同种源的太子参多糖含量及其单糖组成GC-MS研究

研究不同种源太子参多糖含量以及单糖组成差异,为太子参质量评价和临床用药提供参考依据,采用水提-醇沉法提取太子参多糖,以葡萄糖为标品,蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定多糖含量。盐酸甲醇水解、三甲基硅烷(TMS)柱前衍生、气-质联用法(GC-MS)分析不同种源太子参多糖的单糖组成。结果表明,组培太子参与野生太子参多糖的含量分别为19.05±1.38%、22.63±2.18%;不同种源太子参多糖均由葡萄糖、果糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、半乳糖醛酸、阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖七种单糖组成,但单糖的比例明显不同。如以多糖含量为标准,野生太子参多糖含量高于组培太子参,品质更佳;多糖中单糖比例不同,提示不同种源的太子参多糖结构可能存在不同。     

宁夏中宁地区灵武长枣果实多糖的单糖成分GC-MS分析

研究宁夏中宁地区灵武长枣果实多糖的单糖成分,为不同地区灵武长枣的开发利用提供试验依据。以不同发育时期中宁产灵武长枣果实为试验材料,采用热水浸提法和气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)等,探讨不同发育时期果实多糖含量变化规律及其单糖组成成分。结果表明,不同发育时期中宁产灵武长枣果实粗多糖得率分别为:膨大前期0.43%、快速膨大期0.527%、着色期0.80%和完熟期0.618%;果实粗多糖经DEAE-52均得到Ju-0、Ju-1、Ju-2、Ju-3 4个多糖级分,其中Ju-2含量为最高,表明果实多糖的主要形式为酸性多糖;不同发育时期果实各精制多糖总共含有阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、核糖、岩藻糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸10种单糖,不含果糖,以阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、核糖、鼠李糖、糖醛酸含量较高,岩藻糖、葡萄糖含量次之,木糖、甘露糖含量较低,但其含量各组分有差异。精制多糖含量随着果实的发育进程总体呈现上升趋势;不同发育时期中宁产灵武长枣果实各精制多糖中单糖组成及含量各不相同。     

不同溶剂分级提取的茶多糖的组成及降血糖活性

比较绿茶中不同溶剂分级提取的茶多糖的得率、含量、单糖组成及降血糖活性的差异,以从茶叶中分离出高活性的茶多糖.粗老绿茶采用去离子水低温提取茶叶中的水溶性多糖TPSⅠ,水不溶性多糖先用草酸铵提取其果胶类多糖TPSⅡ,再用碱提取,所得到碱提取液回调至pH中性后可溶解部分为碱溶性多糖TPSⅢ,并分析其得率、含量、采用气相色谱和离子色谱分析了其单糖组成,通过四氧嘧啶腹腔注射造成高血糖模型,连续灌胃茶多糖12 d,对比研究两种茶多糖的降血糖活性.并比较复合纤维素酶提取与去离子水提取在得率、含量、单糖组成及其降血糖活性的差异.TPSⅠ单糖组成以鼠李糖、半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸为主;TPSⅡ以半乳糖和半乳糖醛酸为主;TPSⅢ以阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖为主.降血糖活性顺序为:TPSⅠ＞TPSⅢ＞TPSⅡ,但TPSⅠ得率最低.复合纤维素酶提取的多糖得率、糖醛酸提取率比热水提取的多糖高1.53倍和1.42倍.酶提茶多糖较水提茶多糖降血糖效果更明显些.表明茶叶中水溶性多糖降血糖活性最好,复合纤维素酶提取可以提高其得率,增强其活性.     

不同品种黄麻叶多糖的理化特征及抗氧化活性研究

为提高黄麻的综合开发价值,利用热水浸提-醇沉法提取不同品种黄麻叶多糖,并对多糖的含量、结构、单糖组成、分子量以及羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基的清除率分别采用硫酸-苯酚法、FT-IR光谱法、水解衍生-HPLC法、凝胶渗透色谱法、水杨酸法、邻苯三酚法、二苯代苦味酰肼自由基法进行理化特征及抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明:圆果种黄麻叶多糖的含量为80.92 mg/g,单糖组成主要为半乳糖(27.06%),分子量为59.87 kDa;长果种黄麻叶多糖的含量为60.77 mg/g,单糖组成主要为葡萄糖(44.55%),分子量为102.54 kDa;红外光谱显示此两种黄麻叶多糖结构出现相似吸收峰,均具有多糖类物质的典型特征;在多糖浓度为1 mg/mL时,圆果种黄麻叶多糖对羟基自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除率分别为46.23%、67.30%、75.02%,长果种黄麻叶多糖相应清除率分别为41.81%、61.11%、66.81%;圆果种黄麻叶多糖对自由基清除能力的EC_(50)均低于长果种黄麻叶多糖。两种黄麻叶多糖具有一定的抗氧化能力,是潜在的抗氧化活性物质药用资源。     

南瓜多糖的单糖组成及其生理效应

南瓜多糖是南瓜中重要的活性成分,由葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖醛酸等单糖组成,是一类主链上含有β-1,3糖苷键、侧链含有α-糖苷键的杂多糖。南瓜多糖具有降血糖、调理血脂、抑制肿瘤、抗氧化等生理作用。本文对南瓜多糖的化学组成和生理效应进行了综述,最后,对南瓜多糖的研究方向进行了展望。     

欧李多糖的制备、结构表征及免疫调节活性研究CSCD

欧李富含钙素,营养丰富,且具有免疫功能,研究欧李多糖的制备、结构及免疫调节活性,可为欧李深加工提供基础。本文以欧李为原料,采用水提醇沉法提取欧李多糖(Cerasus humilis polysaccharide,CHP),利用响应面法优化提取工艺。对提取的欧李多糖用DEAE-52纤维素层析柱、G-100葡聚糖凝胶柱纯化。用高效液相色谱、凝胶渗透色谱和红外光谱对欧李多糖结构表征,并测定欧李多糖的免疫调节活性。结果表明,欧李多糖最佳提取工艺条件为提取温度79℃,提取时间2 h,液料比16∶1(mL/g)。在此条件下,欧李干粉多糖得率为(32.18±0.08)%。纯化后欧李多糖主要有CHPP-1和CHPP-2两个组分,CHPP-1、CHPP-2中多糖含量分别为99.16%和99.33%。CHPP-1的单糖组成及摩尔占比为阿拉伯糖∶半乳糖醛酸∶葡萄糖=51.4∶20.29∶17.36,分子量为47.26 kDa。CHPP-2的单糖组成及摩尔占比为阿拉伯糖∶半乳糖醛酸∶葡萄糖=41.81∶28.24∶11.68,分子量为22.94 kDa。两个组分均为吡喃环型多糖。CHPP-2可显著增强巨噬细胞增殖活性,有效刺激细胞释放NO和TNF-α、IL-6及IFN-β。欧李多糖含量丰富,且具有较强的免疫调节活性。     

藏药蕨麻多糖的光谱性质及单糖组成分析

本研究对藏药蕨麻多糖进行了分离提纯,并测定其水溶性多糖含量为99.4%;通过紫外光谱与红外光谱分析表明,蕨麻多糖为分子量较小的α-吡喃糖,并含有氨基糖;蕨麻多糖的水解单糖经过NMP衍生后进行毛细管电泳分析,测得其单糖组成为木糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、甘露糖、岩藻糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖醛酸和半乳糖醛酸,含量分别为3.945、77.445、17.568、17.646、3.942、2.165、65.268、13.037μg/mg和33.484μg/mg,与GC-MS的定性分析结果一致。     

绞股蓝多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

研究绞股蓝多糖的单糖组成及抗氧化活性.采用气相色谱(GC)分析绞股蓝多糖的单糖组成,通过体外抗氧化评价体系研究绞股蓝粗多糖(GPMPP)和精制多糖(GPMP)的总还原力、清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基的活性以及抗脂质过氧化作用.结果显示,绞股蓝多糖由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,物质的量比为1.39∶3.76∶1.00∶1.64∶4.98∶5.88.绞股蓝多糖具有较好的还原能力,对DPPH自由基和·OH具有较强的清除能力,并且对小鼠肝匀浆自发性脂质过氧化和Fe2+-H2O2诱导的小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化具有较好的抑制作用.以上结果表明,绞股蓝多糖具有明显的抗氧化活性.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.