1株产纤维素酶细菌的筛选、鉴定及生长特性

分离筛选高效降解纤维素的菌株,并研究其生物学特性。利用刚果红染色法从腐烂的玉米秸秆中分离纤维素降解菌,再通过测定滤纸的降解率及多种酶活复筛。综合考虑水解圈和菌落直径(HC值),滤纸的降解率和酶活,对所筛选的菌株进行纤维素降解能力综合评价,最终获得1株具有纤维素降解能力的菌株DX4,其滤纸酶活(FPA酶活)、内切葡聚糖酶活力(CMC酶活)和外切葡聚糖酶活力(Cex酶活)分别为256.051、358.276和5.536 U/m L。结合形态学、生理生化特性和分子生物学鉴定,将该菌株鉴定为枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),命名为Bacillus subtilis DX4,简称BS-DX4。研究表明,BS-DX4的最适生长温度为40℃,最适生长pH为7.0,低盐浓度下生长旺盛,是具有开发潜力的纤维素酶高产菌株。     

稻草秸秆纤维素分解菌的分离筛选

本研究基于获得高效木质纤维素分解菌的目的,以刚果红纤维素琼脂和滤纸条培养基为初筛培养基,从分离获得的124株真菌中筛选出透明圈与菌落直径比值较大、滤纸条分解能力较强的11个菌株.经液体发酵,测定其酶活力,复筛得到羧甲基纤维素酶活和滤纸酶活均较高的4个菌株;并进行了不同碳源和不同pH对筛选菌株产酶能力的影响试验,发现不同菌株对不同纤维素物质的分解能力不一样,同一菌株对不同纤维素碳源的利用能力也不相同.     

三株高效秸秆纤维素降解真菌的筛选及其降解效果

【目的】利用多种筛选方法,获得高效秸秆纤维素降解真菌,并研究其秸秆纤维素的降解能力。【方法】采用滤纸片孔洞法、滤纸条降解法、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)水解圈测定法、秸秆失重法、纤维素分解率测定法、胞外酶活测定法等常规秸秆纤维素降解菌的筛选方法。【结果】筛选到3株具有较强纤维素降解能力的真菌菌株,经初步鉴定菌株98MJ为草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)、菌株W3为木霉(Trichoderma sp.)、菌株W4为扩张青霉(Penicillium expansum)。菌株W4具有非常强的秸秆纤维素降解能力,10d内对秸秆的降解率可达56.3%,对纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的分解率分别为59.06%、78.75%和33.79%。菌株W4的胞外纤维素酶活力在14.25-49.75U/mL之间。【结论】筛选获得3株高效秸秆纤维素降解真菌菌株,其中菌株W4的纤维素酶活高于已报道的菌株,是一株十分具有研究开发潜力的纤维素酶生产菌株。     

青海高原降解纤维素微生物的调查、分离、鉴定

从青海高原林区分离筛选 3 0 0余株分解纤维素的细菌及 3 1株降解纤维素的真菌。测定纤维素分解菌含量土样为 2 6× 1 0 5 g。对纤维素酶水解圈较大的 1 1株真菌 ,根据其滤纸酶活筛选出一株分离自互助北山森林的高产纤维素酶的真菌No 0 1 43菌株 ,根据其形态学及培养特征鉴定为康氏木霉 (TrichodermakoningiiQudem) ,该菌湿固体发酵物含滤纸酶活力(FPA)为 1 5u g。该菌无毒副作用 ,可用于饲料业     

青海高原降解纤维素微生物的调查、分离、鉴定*

从青海高原林区分离筛选 300余株分解纤维素的细菌及 31株降解纤维素的真菌。测定纤维素分解菌含量土样为 2.6×10⁵ g。对纤维素酶水解圈较大的11株真菌 ,根据其滤纸酶活筛选出一株分离自互助北山森林的高产纤维素酶的真菌No. 0143菌株 ,根据其形态学及培养特征鉴定为康氏木霉 (Trichodermakoningii Qudem) ,该菌湿固体发酵物含滤纸酶活力(FPA)为15u/g。该菌无毒副作用 ,可用于饲料业。     

秸秆降解菌的筛选及其纤维素降解性能的研究

通过秸秆粉平板、刚果红染色法以及小麦秸秆降解率来筛选高效秸秆降解菌,并测定菌株的胞外纤维素酶活来研究其秸秆纤维素的降解能力。结果表明,在所筛选的4株真菌中,菌株z-5的秸秆降解率最高,为47%;其次是菌株4-1、3-1和2-2,分别为45%、32%和31%,滤纸腐解实验结果与秸秆降解试验结果相似。4株秸秆降解菌均具有外切葡聚糖酶、内切葡聚糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶等3种纤维素酶,但变化趋势不同。菌株z-5和菌株4-1的三种酶活呈现出较好的协同性,菌株2-2和菌株3-1协同性较弱。通过秸秆粉平板,秸秆降解率测定以及滤纸孔洞法可以更准确快速地得到目的菌株;纤维素酶在秸秆降解中起着主导作用。     

产木质纤维素降解酶真菌的筛选及产酶特性

【背景】利用微生物处理秸秆引起研究者的广泛关注。【目的】筛选生长速度快、木质纤维素降解酶活性强的真菌菌株,用于植物秸秆降解和高效利用。【方法】从自然界采集的样品中分离纯化真菌菌株,利用PDA-愈创木酚和PDA-羧甲基纤维素钠平板初筛,再经过液体发酵检测漆酶酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶酶活及菌丝生长速率复筛目的菌株,通过内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)测序法对目的菌株进行鉴定,对目的菌株产漆酶和羧甲基纤维素酶活力进行测定及酶学性质研究。【结果】从样品中分离纯化到18株真菌,通过初筛筛选出9株产木质纤维素降解酶真菌菌株,再经过复筛,筛选出一株产漆酶、羧甲基纤维素酶活力高、菌丝生长快的菌株M1,经过分子生物学鉴定M1为糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus),其漆酶酶活为(243.59±1.11)U/mL,羧甲基纤维素酶酶活为(36.03±0.63) U/mL。在5 d的培养期内,菌丝生长速率为(9.43±0.32) mm/d。对菌株M1的发酵粗酶液的酶学性质进行了检测分析,结果表明,所产的漆酶在pH5.0-6.5相对酶活为90%以上,在pH ...     

一株玉米秸秆纤维素降解放线菌的筛选、鉴定及酶学特性研究

为解决玉米秸秆固废污染和秸秆资源有效利用问题，采用刚果红染色法（水解圈法）和3，5-二硝基水杨酸（DNS）法从玉米秸秆还田土壤中筛选到一株纤维素降解菌，并对该微生物进行生理生化和分子生物学鉴定，发现该菌株降解纤维素效果较好，经鉴定该菌株为纤维素链霉菌（Streptomyces cellulosae），命名为SJS-15，并对该菌株的酶学特性及纤维素降解能力进行了初步研究。结果表明，菌株SJS-15在发酵培养基中的纤维素酶活（CMC）峰值为30.5 U/mL，最适反应pH为6.0，滤纸酶活（FPA）峰值为25 U/mL，最适反应pH为8.0，两种酶均能在温度20~60 ℃，pH 4.0~10.0范围内保持较高酶活性。纤维素分解实验表明菌株SJS-15对玉米秸秆和滤纸有分解能力，40 d时对玉米秸秆降解率为35.6%（质量分数，下同），对滤纸降解率为18.6%。扫描电镜结果显示经菌株处理的玉米秸秆较对照有明显降解痕迹。菌株SJS-15具有良好的抗逆性和玉米秸秆纤维素分解能力，可作为玉米秸秆还田和堆肥发酵的高效菌株进行进一步研究。     

纤维素降解的菌株筛选及其运用

目的:筛选降解稻草纤维素菌株,为纤维素的高效降解提供理论依据.方法:采用羧甲基纤维素钠刚果红培养基与滤纸条培养基从采集的腐木、腐土和腐叶等样品中筛选出纤维素降解菌.然后经液态发酵后测定其羧甲基纤维素酶活力与降解稻草的天然纤维素酶活力,综合考虑这两种酶活力,对其进行单独与混合发酵培养.筛选分解稻草能力较强的菌株组合.结果:初筛到5株真菌和5株细菌纤维素降解力较优的菌株.经酶活力测定后,得到分解纤维素能力较强的两株真菌F3和F5与两株细菌B1和B5,其中F3和B1的羧甲基纤维素酶活分别为705.6U、214.6U;F5和B5天然纤维素酶活分别为466.5U、204.8 U.混合培养在一定程度上能提高纤维素酶活,F3/F5具有稳定而较高的酶活力,某时间段酶活高达646.8U,且后续酶活力也保持在较高水平.而F3/B5在某时间段的酶活高达788.6U.结论:菌株的混合培养可以提高纤维素酶活.     

发酵床中纤维素降解菌的分离与鉴定

从发酵床垫料中初步分离出43株纤维素降解菌。采用刚果红鉴别培养基及滤纸条培养基初筛,得到5株透明圈较大且使滤纸条产生崩解的菌株,通过进一步液体发酵,测定其CMC酶活、FPA酶活和天然纤维素酶活,获得2株具有较高纤维素降解活性菌株,并分别命名为F7和F21。经16S rRNA基因序列分子生物学鉴定和系统发育分析表明,这2株纤维素降解菌分别归属为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.)。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.