离子束注入提高Trichosporon lactis T立体拆分布洛芬水平的研究

以从土壤中分离筛选到的可立体选择性水解布洛芬乙酯生成S布洛芬的菌株Trichosporon lactis Ｔ为出发菌株,对其进行能量30KeV,剂量1×1015～5×1015ions/cm2的低能N+注入,筛选立体选择性水解布洛芬乙酯活性高的诱变株。菌株T.lactis T,在4×1015 ions/cm2的诱变剂量下突变率最高,正向和负向突变率分别达32.9%和37.1%,因此选定该剂量为T. lactis T的最佳N+离子注入剂量。经离子束诱变,通过初筛和复筛,共筛选到7株水解布洛芬乙酯的高产菌株,其中诱变株K1培养24h时酶活力比出发菌株T高50%,且具有较好的遗传稳定性。将菌株K1和出发菌株T培养24h,分别加入布洛芬乙酯水解24h,二者水解布洛芬乙酯生成S布洛芬旋光度均为+54.1°,对映体过量值ee%均为98%,K1菌株水解的产量达6.96g/L,而出发株仅为4.24g/L。     

低能离子注入诱变选育漆酶高产菌株

利用低能N+束注入技术对漆酶产牛菌灵芝菌(Ganoderma lucidum)U60菌丝体进行辐照诱变.通过研究15 keV能量下不同注入剂量与灵芝菌存活率及突变率的生物学效应关系,确定了在2.6×1015-3.9×1015ions/cm2注入剂茸范围内可获得高比例正突变株.选择3.12×1015ions/cm2的注入剂量参数后,经多轮注入诱变,获得了遗传性稳定的漆酶高产突变株UIM-281;发酵产酶实验表明,UIM-281的产漆酶活力峰值分别是出发菌株U60的1.7倍及2.28倍,且产酶发酵周期相对缩短24 h,是工业发酵中更加经济高效的灵芝漆酶发酵菌株.     

低能离子注入在CGTase高产菌株选育中的应用

应用能量30keV、剂量为5×1015N /cm2的离子注入对环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶产生菌进行诱变育种,得到液体发酵24h产酶高于出发株50%以上的菌株11株。5代传代试验表明诱变后得到的高产菌株产酶具有较好的传代稳定性。     

N+注入诱变选育菜粕硫苷降解菌的研究

为选育能够高效降解菜粕硫苷( Glucosinolates,Gls)的菌株,利用能降解硫苷的益生菌黑曲霉CICC-2238进行N+注入诱变.经过两次N+注入诱变,在诱变能量为20 keV,剂量为60 ×2.5×1013ions/cm2时,筛选到一株高效降解Gls的菌株H-109.与出发菌相比较,其Gls的降解率由28....     

N~+离子注入选育高产氨基酰化酶菌株的研究

选用N~+离子注入的方法对米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)CICC 2339-1进行诱变育种,通过三角瓶发酵法筛选氨基酰化酶高产株。N~+离子注入选择能量为10 KeV,剂量在(1.30～4.94)×10~(15)ions/cm~2之间。根据剂量与存活率以及剂量与突变率曲线选择最佳的注入剂量。通过三角瓶发酵筛选得到突变菌株SN-110-15其酶活提高率为139.5%,诱变试验效果显著。     

N+离子注入诱变选育中性蛋白酶高产菌株及发酵条件的研究

对产中性蛋白酶的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)AS1.398进行离子注入诱变,从正突变率较高的注入剂量30～50 × 1014 ions/cm2范围内,筛选出一株高产菌株ZC-7.该菌株在优化了的摇瓶培养基中,培养42h,产酶可达16900U/mL.在7L发酵罐上控制pH6.0～7.0,溶氧10%～20%.以32℃3～40℃～30℃变温发酵42h,酶活力最高可迭19680U/mL,为初始菌株的2.1倍.     

利用亚硝酸钠选育法夫酵母虾青素高产菌株

以亚硝酸钠作为筛选剂选择性分离法夫酵母虾青素高产菌株。实验研究表明,在亚硝酸钠存在的情况下,法夫酵母的生长和虾青素合成量均会减少;当亚硝酸钠浓度为5000μmol/L时,法夫酵母的致死率为100%。挑取200株经过甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）诱变后的法夫酵母,以5000μmol/L的亚硝酸钠为筛选剂摇瓶发酵后测得虾青素体积产率为正突变的菌株有87株,正突变率为43.5%。挑取其中8株进行复筛,编号为N030的菌株比出发菌株的虾青素体积产率和细胞产率分别提高了39.3%和89.3%。结果说明,亚硝酸钠可作为法夫酵母虾青素高产菌株的筛选剂,用于提高菌种的筛选效率。     

N^＋离子注入热带假丝酵母对长链二元酸产量的影响

用热带假丝酵母(Candidatropicalis)SCB412作为出发菌株,经能量50KeV、剂量l×1011～5×1015ions/cm2的N+离子注入诱变处理,以产生可遗传的诱变.N+离子注入后,存活率与剂量呈指数衰减关系log(存活率%)=8.23-0.604×log(剂量),在培养过程中可观察到酵母菌菌落和细胞形态均发生了变化.经筛选,获得了一株能够利用正十二烷烃发酵产生长链二元酸的高产菌热带假丝酵母SCB609.在初始正十二烷烃浓度为15%(v/v)下产酸量由43.5g/L上升到73.2g/L.比较两株菌发酵生长特性的差异,产酸过程有一定的变化.     

产纤维素酶菌株的筛选及离子束诱变

从含腐败秸秆的土壤中分离出刚果红水解圈与菌落比值(D/H)较大的7株纤维素酶产生菌,其中菌株S-1分解羧甲基纤维素钠的酶活(CMC酶活)最高,经鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。以之为出发菌株进行离子束诱变,采用酶标仪高通量酶活测定法筛选出CMC酶活较高的突变菌株进行传代培养,测定其传5代后菌株的CMC酶活,得到15株CMC酶活较高的突变菌株,其中突变菌株308的菌落形态变化较大,其CMC酶活最高,接种24 h后比出发菌S-1提高了84.4%,且突变菌株308的CMC酶活的提高具有遗传稳定性。表明离子束诱变对于提高菌株产纤维素酶能力具有潜在的应用价值。     

抗凝活性蛋白产生菌Termitomyces albuminosus的诱变育种

真菌Termitomyces albuminosusTA-SD能产生具有抗凝活性的蛋白质TA-P。本实验采用紫外诱变法对TA-SD菌株进行诱变育种,筛选高活性的突变株。出发菌株TA-SD紫外照射40s时,正突变率和抗凝活性提高的幅度最大,分别为33.3%和104.7%。N型突变株和放线菌酮抗性突变株的正突变率和活性提高的幅度均大于S型突变株和非抗性突变株。经筛选突变株SD-A-8的抗凝活性比出发菌株提高了2.3倍。该突变株传代稳定。     

离子注入选育霉酚酸高产菌株及其发酵条件研究

离子注入技术是20世纪80年代兴起的一种综合诱变技术,其应用于生物工程已取得了丰硕成果,但在霉酚酸产生菌的诱变育种中的应用还未见报道。短密青霉菌(Penicillium brevicompactum)M_51是从土壤中分离得到的MPA产生菌F_663经过紫外线、微波等诱变处理得到的。为获得霉酚酸的高产工业菌株,进一步对该菌株进行了离子注入诱变处理。用15keV氮离子分5个剂量进行处理,结果显示,随离子注入剂量增加,存活率呈现较明显的下降_上升_下降的“马鞍型”变化趋势。在剂量为140×2.6×1013ions/cm2时,菌株变异率及正变率均最高,分别达到88.9%和63.4%。用HPLC定量测定发酵液中霉酚酸的含量,筛选到产霉酚酸能力提高30.1%的突变株M_163。经过连续传代试验,其遗传性状稳定。对发酵条件的优化结果显示最佳种龄为24h;用正交试验方法对发酵培养基中的碳、氮源进行优化,得到较优配方。突变株M_163在最优发酵条件下,霉酚酸摇瓶发酵单位可达2819μg/mL。野生菌株F_663的MPA产量为133μg/mL,经过5代诱变育种及发酵条件优化,产量提高了20.2倍。     

Enhanced secretion of heterologous proteins in Kluyveromyces lactis by overexpression of the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, KlPsa1p

GDP-mannose is the mannosyl donor for the glycosylation reactions and is synthesized by GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase from GTP and d-mannose-1-phosphate; in Saccharomyces cerevisiae this enzyme is encoded by the PSA1/VIG9/SRB1 gene. We isolated the Kluyveromyces lactis KlPSA1 gene by complementing the osmotic growth defects of S. cerevisiae srb1/psa1 mutants. KlPsa1p displayed a high degree of similarity with other GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylases and was demonstrated to be the functional homologue of S. cerevisiae Psa1p. Phenotypic analysis of a K. lactis strain overexpressing the KlPSA1 gene revealed changes in the cell wall assembly. Increasing the KlPSA1 copy number restored the defects in O-glycosylation, but not those in N-glycosylation, that occur in K. lactis cells depleted for the hexokinase Rag5p. Overexpression of GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase also enhanced heterologous protein secretion in K. lactis as assayed by using the recombinant human serum albumin and the glucoamylase from Arxula adeninivorans.     

Enantioselective synthesis of ibuprofen esters in AOT/isooctane microemulsions by Candida cylindracea lipase

The enantioselective esterification of racemic ibuprofen, catalyzed by a Candida cylindracea lipase, was studied in a water-in-oil microemulsion (AOT/isooctane). By using n-propanol as the alcohol, an optimal W(0) ([H(2)O]/[AOT] ratio) of 12 was found for the synthesis of n-propyl-ibuprofenate at room temperature. The lipase showed high preference for the S(+)-enantiomer of ibuprofen, which was esterified to the corresponding S(+)-ibuprofen ester. The R(-)-ibuprofen remained unesterified in the microemulsion. The calculated enantioselectivity value (E) for S-ibuprofen ester was greater than 150 (conversion 0.32). The enzyme activities of n-alcohols with different chain lengths (3-12) were compared, and it appeared that short- (propanol and butanol) and long-chained (decanol and dodecanol) alcohols were better substrates than the intermediate ones (pentanol, hexanol, and octanol). However, unlike secondary and tertiary alcohols, all of the tested primary alcohols were substrates for the lipase. The reversible reaction (i.e., the hydrolysis of racemic ibuprofen ester in the microemulsion) was also carried out enantioselectively by the enzyme. Only the S form of the ester was hydrolyzed to the corresponding S-ibuprofen. The reaction yield was, however, only about 4% after 10 days of reaction. The corresponding yield for the esterification of ibuprofen was about 35% (10 days). The high enantioselectivity displayed by the lipase in the microemulsion system was seen neither in a similar esterification reaction in a pure organic solvent system (isooctane) nor in the hydrolysis reaction in an aqueous system (buffer). The E value for S-ibuprofen ester in the isooctane system was 3.0 (conversion 0.41), and only 1.3 for S-ibuprofen in the hydrolysis reaction (conversion 0.32). The differences in enantioselectivity for the lipase in various systems are likely due to interfacial phenomena. In the microemulsion system, the water in which the enzyme is dissolved is separated from the solvent by a layer of surfactant molecules, thus creating an interface with a relatively large area. Such interfaces are not present in the pure organic solvent systems (no surfactant) nor in aqueous systems. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Controlled intra- or extracellular production of staphylococcal nuclease and ovine omega interferon in Lactococcus lactis

A system for controlled targeting of heterologous protein was developed in the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis. It is composed of the L. lactis strain NZ9000 and of two broad host range expression vectors pCYT:Nuc and pSEC:Nuc for, respectively, cytoplasmic and secreted staphylococcal nuclease (Nuc) nisin-inducible production. The level of intracellular production of Nuc measured with pCYT:Nuc (3 mg x l(-1)) is significantly lower than the one obtained with pSEC:Nuc ( approximately 20 mg x l(-1)). The secretion efficiency (SE) of Nuc is estimated to be approximately 70%, corresponding to approximately 15 mg of secreted Nuc x l(-1). Furthermore, we established that Nuc production continued in L. lactis 10 h after a 1-h nisin-pulse induction. This system was then used for intra- and extracellular production of a protein of therapeutical interest in L. lactis, the ovine interferon-omega (IFN-omega). The SE and the quantity of secreted active IFN-omega were evaluated respectively to be approximately 70% and approximately 1 mg x l(-1) ( approximately two-fold higher than the cytoplasmic form).     

纳豆芽孢杆菌产VK2菌株的NTG与N＋注入复合诱变选育

以纳豆芽孢杆菌BN-2-6为出发菌株,利用亚硝基胍（NTG）和N＋注入复合诱变选育产维生素K2的突变株。经过NTG诱变后得到突变株BN-N30—1,其维生素K2的产量提高了53％,继而采用低能N＋注入技术进行处理得到突变株BN-P15—11-1,维生素K2的产量比BN—N30—1提高了96％,比原始菌株提高了166％。结果表明,对纳豆芽孢杆菌BN-2-6进行NTG和低能N＋注入复合诱变的效果明显,突变菌株维生素K2的产量显著提高。     

牛凝乳酶原基因的合成及其在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的表达

凝乳酶在奶酪加工中应用广泛,为获得高活性的凝乳酶制剂,采用乳酸克鲁维酵母为宿主,首次对经密码子优化的牛凝乳酶原基因进行表达。利用DNAWorks3.0软件辅助设计,用两步PCR法合成了小牛凝乳酶原基因(GenBank Accession No.AA30448)。将该基因插入酵母表达载体pKLAC1,构建了重组载体pKLAC1-Prochy,并用电脉冲法将线性化的重组质粒转化到乳酸克鲁维酵母GG799中。通过含1%酪蛋白的YEPD平板活性筛选,PCR鉴定,最后获得了一株多拷贝整合的基因工程菌chy1。该菌株可分泌表达牛凝乳酶原,经SDS-PAGE分析,证明重组牛凝乳酶原的分子量约为41kDa,符合预期大小,酸化处理后为36kDa,证明可以正确自我剪切。液体培养96h后,酶活最高达到99.67SU/mL。分别以半乳糖和葡萄糖为碳源的条件下表达,其酶活性差异不大,说明在发酵期间,可以不经过半乳糖诱导即可产生高水平的牛凝乳酶原产物。该工程菌的获得为进一步优化产酶条件及放大工艺提供了条件,并为凝乳酶的工业化生产奠定了基础。     

Restoration of a defective Lactococcus lactis xylose isomerase

The genes (xylA) encoding xylose isomerase (XI) from two Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains, 210 (Xyl(-)) and IO-1 (Xyl(+)), were cloned, and the activities of their expressed proteins in recombinant strains of Escherichia coli were investigated. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence homologies between the xylA genes were 98.4 and 98.6%, respectively, and only six amino acid residues differed between the two XIs. The purified IO-1 XI was soluble with K(m) and k(cat) being 2.25 mM and 184/s, respectively, while the 210 XI was insoluble and inactive. Site-directed mutagenesis on 210 xylA showed that a triple mutant possessing R202M/Y218D/V275A mutations regained XI activity and was soluble. The K(m) and k(cat) of this mutant were 4.15 mM and 141/s, respectively. One of the IO-1 XI mutants, S388T, was insoluble and showed negligible activity similar to that of 210 XI. The introduction of a K407E mutation to the IO-1 S388T XI mutant restored its activity and solubility. The dissolution of XI activity in L. lactis subsp. lactis involves a series of mutations that collectively eliminate enzyme activity by reducing the solubility of the enzyme.     

低能氮离子注入西瓜胚芽的存活率的初步研究

以西瓜胚芽为材料 ,研究了低能氮离子注入植物活体组织的存活率和二甲亚砜 (DMSO)预处理对存活率的影响。结果表明 ,真空冰冻对存活率有一定影响 ,离子注入损伤是植物活组织在离子注入时存活率降低的主要原因 ;在能量为 2 5 ke V,总剂量为 3.9× 10 1 6ions/ cm2 ,脉冲剂量为 1.3× 10 1 4 ions/ cm2 的注入参数下 ,1%的 DMSO预处理 2 5～ 35分钟可以降低失水率并大大提高胚芽的存活率。由此讨论了进一步扩大低能离子注入的应用范围 ,以及在果树、花卉和无性繁殖的作物上进行诱变育种或遗传转化的可能性。     

Isolation and characterization of linear deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids from Kluyveromyces lactis and the plasmid-associated killer character.

Two linear deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids, designated pGK11 and pGK12, were isolated from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis IFO 1267. pGK11 and pGK12 had molecular weights of 5.4 X 10(6) and 8.4 X 10(6), respectively. Both plasmids possessed the same density of 1.687 g/cm3, lighter than the densities of mitochondrial (1.692 g/cm3) and nuclear (1.699 g/cm3) deoxyribonucleic acids. A restriction map of pGK11 was constructed from digestions by EcoRI, HindIII, PstI, and BamHI. pGK12 was cleaved by EcoRI into seven fragments and by BamHI into two fragments K. lactis IFO 1267 killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae sensitive and killer strains and certain strains of Saccharomyces italicus, K. lactis, Kluyveromyces thermotolerans, and K. vanudenii. All K. lactis strains lacking the pGK1 plasmids were nonkillers. A hybrid was constructed between K. lactis IFO 1267 and a nonkiller K. lactis strain lacking the plasmids and subjected to tetrad analysis after sporulation. The killer character was extrachromosomally transmitted in all tetrads in association with the pGK1 plasmids. The double-stranded ribonucleic acid killer plasmid could not be detected in any K. lactis killer strains. It is thus highly probable that the killer character is mediated by the linear deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids. A single chromosomal gene was found which was responsible for the resistance to the K. lactis killer.