新疆金龟甲的区系组成及食性(鞘翅目：金龟甲总科)

初步查明,新疆金龟甲昆虫计有154种,分隶于2科、13亚科、47属**。区系组成含中亚细亚、中央亚细亚、欧洲—西伯利亚、地中海、特有种、泛古北种和全北种等多种成分,其中以中亚细亚种类最多,达74种,约占48.5%。结合区系组成的分析,提出了新疆昆虫地理区划的划分意见。新疆金龟甲成虫的食性可分为粪食型、腐食型、角质物食型、尸食型、植食型和绝食型,其中粪食型达75种,约占49%,具有重要生态意义;植食型55种,约占36%,具有重要经济意义。     

新疆方喙象亚科的区系组成及经济意义(鞘翅目:象鼻虫科)

调查表明,新疆方喙象亚科（Ｃｌｅｏｎｉｎａｅ）象虫有６０种,分隶于２族２３属,其中有２４种为我国首次记录。区系组成含中亚细亚、欧洲－西伯利亚、中央亚细亚,泛古北种和特有种五种成分,其中台亚细亚种最多,达３１种,约占５２％。在所记录的种类中,有４７种为典型荒漠种,约占８０％,其中１４种种群个体数量较大,常成为荒漠昆虫群落的优势种。有９种对荒漠林带来不同程度的危害,为害甜菜的达３０种,约占５０％,     

新疆繁缕亚科和裸果木亚科植物地理分布和区系特点的研究

新疆石竹科的繁缕亚科、裸果木亚科共有植物１４属６３种３变种。占新疆石竹总属数６６．７％总种数４８．２％。从垂直分布来看,主要分布于阿尔泰山和天山的亚高山草甸带和森林草甸带,昆仑山的高寒荒漠草原也有一定的分布。从水平分布看,主要有五个分布较集中的区域,即：阿尔泰泰山地,准噶尔西部山地,天山中西部山地、天山东部山地、昆仑山和帕米尔高原。在区系组成中,北温带成分２１种,占３１．９％;温带亚洲成分１４种,     

黑龙江省肖叶甲科种类及地理分布

2005年4月-2007年10月对黑龙江省肖叶甲科的种类及地理分布进行了调查,并根据中国动物地理分区方法,将黑龙江省肖叶甲动物地理分为11个省级区划单元;并根据其的分布记录,构成C数据矩阵,采用最大值法进行聚类运算.结果共记录肖叶甲14属57种(亚种),其中包括隐头叶甲亚科34种、锯角叶甲亚科15种、肖叶甲亚科8种,分别占总数的59.6%、26.3%和14.1%.其他两亚科即隐肢叶甲亚科和瘤叶甲亚科在黑龙江省无分布.在区系成分上有3属共9种只在古北区分布,属于古北种:1种为黑龙江省特有种;其他在古北、东洋两区均有分布,属于广布种.统计分析发现本科的大多数种类均分布于该省东南部,气候较温和湿润的区域.其中东南山区,包括牡丹江东部和西部,共有41种,占总数的71.9%;其次是松嫩平原地区22种和兴安岭山区15种,分别占总数的38.6%和26.3%.聚类分析结果与地理区划结果基本吻合,第一组即牡丹江西部省与牡丹江东部省关系最为密切,第二组松江平原省与松嫩北部省关系最近,而西部干旱草原省与其他各省关系最远.     

新疆北部蜱类的区系及垂直分布

本文系根据1973—1980年在新疆北部平原和山地所获得的蜱类标本,并检视和查阅了有关单位收藏的标本和分布资料*,对新疆北部地区的蜱类的区系及垂直分布规律作了初步分析:一、区系新疆北部地区蜱种类十分丰富。我们共采获21种,加上以往文献记载的种类共27种(表1)。而全国已知蜱类共80余种,约占全国总数的1/3。本区蜱的种类及其区系组成在山地与盆地有显著差异。盆地多为荒漠或荒漠草原的代表种,以中亚种占明显优势。其中亚洲璃眼蜱是典型代表。山地多为森林或森林草原的代表种,以泛古北种占优势,其中全沟硬蜱为代表种。由于地质构造、地理位…     

疆芫菁科的区系组成及药用价值(鞘翅目：芫菁科)

调查表明,新疆芫菁科(Meloidlc)昆虫有41种,分隶于5属,以斑芫菁属Mylabris F.种类最多,达32种,占78.0%;在41种中,有10种为我国首次纪录。区系组成含中亚细亚,蒙古,欧洲,准噶尔和泛古北种五种成分,其中以中亚细亚种最多,达23种,约占56.0%。芫菁是药用昆虫,对常见的10种芫菁药用有效成分-斑蝥素含量进行了测定,发现其中,种含量较高,药用价值明显。     

内蒙古自治区螽亚目(Tettigoniodea,Orthoptera)昆虫区系及地带性分布的研究

内蒙古自治区目前共知螽亚目昆虫5科、26属、58种(表1)。其中螽斯占总种数的74.2％,蟋蟀占17.3％,其余的占7.5％。其区系组成以古北种为主体,特别是东北中国种、东西伯利亚——蒙古种和欧洲——西伯利亚种是区系组成的核心(表2)。特有种占有一定的比例(10.3％),主要分布于该区东北部的森林草原亚带和西部的荒漠带。中部地区有部分华北种的渗入。在本区东部的草原带中,螽斯亚科昆虫最为丰富;西部的荒漠带中,硕螽亚科昆虫是最突出的代表种,并有中亚种的分布(表4)。从总的种类分布来看,东北部的森林带和草原带的昆虫种类明显比西部荒漠带要丰富,中部的干草原亚带则是上述两者的过渡区域。 文中还根据螽亚目昆虫在不同植被地区的分布情况,采用Sφgrensen系数比较了各地带之间昆虫区系的相似性(表3)。用聚类分析的方法将10个植被地带或亚带划分成6个大的地带区:森林区、草原区、荒漠区、暖温型森林草原区、暖温型典型草原区和暖温型荒漠草原区(图2)。作者详细地叙述了各个地带区中昆虫区系的组成特点和分布规律。并就前人对该区昆虫区划工作提出了若干修订意见。     

贺兰山天牛科昆虫区系组成及垂直分布

2013-2015年对贺兰山不同海拔和垂直植被带的天牛科昆虫进行系统调查,结果表明:贺兰山共有天牛科昆虫6亚科31属45种,其中,沟胫天牛亚科属、种数最多,有14属21种,其种数占总种数46.67%,天牛亚科有9属12种,幽天牛亚科有4属5种,花天牛亚科有2属4种,锯天牛亚科2属2种,膜花天牛亚科仅有1属1种。区系组成上,古北界有17种,占总种数的37.78%,其中中亚成分占35.29%,广布型28种,占总种数的62.22%。在我国昆虫地理区划中的分布共有13个分布类型,全国广布型最多,占总种数的20%。以蒙新区种类为主体,并与东北区和华北区关系密切联系。在垂直分布上,以山前阔叶林带采集到的天牛种类最多,有22种,占总数的48.89%;从低海拔的山前荒漠半荒漠带到高海拔的山地针叶林带,天牛物种数量逐渐增加;除山地草原带外,随海拔增高,古北界种类逐渐增多。通过聚类分析显示,山地针叶林带和针阔混交林带天牛种类组成相似性较高;山地灌丛带、山地疏林带和山前阔叶林带相似性较高;山前荒漠半荒漠带、山地草地带与其他植被带天牛组成差异较大。     

塔城盆地鸟类考察初报

1987年5、6月作者等对塔城盆地的鸟类进行了调查,共录得96种,分属14目36科,其中国内新记录一种——领燕鸻(Plareola p.pratincola),按主要繁殖区划分,中亚型22种占22.9％,北方型37种占38.5％、广布种36种占37.5％,该盆地鸟类以中亚型为主,北方型为辅。区系组成与阿尔泰山地和准噶尔盆地差异明显、而与天山区系相似。通过北天山西部和塔城盆地向西的开口与哈萨克斯坦动物区系紧密联系溶为一体。故该地似应划归哈萨克斯坦区的天山亚区为宜。该地有黑琴鸡、 蓑羽鹤、鸢、秃鹫、白头鹞、猎隼、燕隼、黄爪隼、红隼、黑腹沙鸡、大鸨、乌林鸮等12种国家重点保护鸟类和资源鸟类90种。     

我国及邻近地区斑腿蝗科区系及其起源研究

根据斑腿蝗科(Catantopidae)在我国各动物地理区的种类组成和区系特点,发现华中区和华北区的区系特点不明显,前者为南北成份的混交区,后者特有种可跨区分布,这与蝗虫有明显的区域和地带分布的特点不相符。为此,作者同意马世骏先生把江汉平原、秦阳山山地、辽黄淮平原划为古北区,成为东方区系。根据我国北方种类与前苏联西伯利亚区系关系密切,而极少数种类与前苏联欧洲部分甚至欧洲部分所共有这种事实,认为世界动物地理区划中应把西伯利亚单独作为一个亚区较合适。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various