全氟辛烷磺酸降解菌的分离与鉴定

目的筛选和分离降解全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的细菌,并进行初步鉴定和降解效率分析。方法采集全氟化工厂周边土壤,利用PFOS为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基进行驯化和富集培养,分离降解PFOS的细菌;通过形态观察、生理生化特性检测和基于16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析对分离菌株进行鉴定;采用GC-MS检测其降解PFOS的能力。结果分离获得3株能降解PFOS的细菌YSB1、YSB2和YSB3,初步鉴定分属于鞘酯菌属(Sphingobiumsp.)、中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobiumsp.)和苍白杆菌属(Ochrobactrumsp.)。菌株YSB1、YSB2和YSB3在以PFOS为唯一碳源生长的无机盐培养基中生长良好,其对PFOS最大降解率分别为18.4%、10.1%和14.1%。结论自然界存在较丰富的降解持久性有机污染物PFOS的微生物资源。     

一株地塞米松磷酸钠降解菌的分离鉴定

目的为用微生物修复技术清除水环境中的地塞米松污染提供菌种。方法采集被地塞米松磷酸钠污染的医院废水,通过无机盐培养基和含地塞米松磷酸钠的缺碳培养基富集和分离地塞米松降解菌。将分离菌初步驯化后,用常规高效液相色谱法测定其对地塞米松和地塞米松磷酸钠的降解率。分离菌经形态、染色性、生化试验和16S r DNA鉴定。结果获得1株能以地塞米松磷酸钠为唯一碳源和能源的菌株,经生物学特性和16S r DNA分析鉴定为产碱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas alcaligenes)。分离菌对地塞米松磷酸钠的降解率为50.86%。其中,75.23%地塞米松磷酸钠被降解为地塞米松,23.63%被进一步降解率为其他他物质。结论成功地分离到1株地塞米松降解菌,为进一步研究用微生物修复技术清除水环境中的地塞米松污染提供了实验材料。     

敌敌畏降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

目的:从受有机磷农药污染的土壤中分离能降解DDVP的菌株,对其进行鉴定和降解特性研究.方法:采用DDVP为惟一碳源和能源的无机盐培养基,通过富集培养、平板划线分离得到一株优势菌,编号为DDW-1,采用形态学、生理生化和16S-rDNA序列分析对其进行鉴定,采用气相色谱测定菌株DDW-1对DDVP的降解能力,并进行底物广谱性测试和降解酶定位实验.结果:该菌株鉴定为甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium sp.).降解特性试验结果表明,其最佳生长条件为温度28℃,初始pH为7.0,在该条件下,500mg·L-> DDVP经过DDW-1菌株代谢3d后,降解率达63.7%.结论:菌株DDW-1能降解DDVP,该菌株产胞内酶.     

红树林湿地烷烃降解菌的分离筛选

从受石油污染的红树林湿地土样中分离筛选对烷烃具较高降解能力的细菌菌株, 以期应用于被石油污染滨海湿地的生物修复。采用富集培养方法, 富集、分离和筛选烷烃降解菌;观察各菌落及菌体形态特征;测试菌株Z2的生理生化特征, 并用16S rDNA序列分析方法进行该菌种鉴定。分离筛选得到Z1、Z2和Z3这3个能以正十六烷为唯一碳源生长的菌株, 其降解率依次为63.4%、82.5%和78.3%, 其中菌株Z2的降解率最高。经过形态学观察、生理生化特性实验和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定, 菌株Z2为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.)。     

土壤中聚乙烯降解菌的筛选、鉴定及降解特性

[目的] 农用地膜主要成分为聚乙烯（polyethylene,PE）,因其难以被降解,其废弃物常造成“白色污染”,本研究从常年覆盖农用地膜的土壤中筛选PE降解菌,并探究其对PE制品的降解效能。[方法] 采集的土壤样品用PE为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基进行富集,筛选、纯化PE降解菌,分离菌通过形态染色、生理生化特征、16S rRNA基因序列分析进行鉴定,检测其在不同PE浓度（0%、0.05%、0.10%、0.25%、0.50%、1.00%、2.00%、3.00%）的无机盐培养基中的生长曲线,最后通过扫描电镜、光镜观察,检测分离菌对农用地膜的降解效能。[结果] 从土壤中筛选获得一株能够降解PE的分离菌株（命名为SW1）,初步鉴定其为放线菌的诺卡氏菌属Nocardia sp.。SW1的生长对PE具有明显浓度依赖,在含2% PE的无机盐培养基中生长最快,在培养的第48 h菌液浓度开始明显增加,第60 h达到最大,而在不含PE的无机盐培养基中未见生长。形态生理学观察表明,35℃培养15 d后,扫描电镜观察可见有大量菌嵌入膜内或附于膜表面生长,膜表面粗糙,并开始出现破损;培养60 d后,光镜观察可见膜大面积破损,并出现空洞。[结论] 从土壤中筛选获得了一株能够有效降解PE制品的放线菌菌株Nocardia sp. SW1。该研究丰富了PE制品降解微生物的菌种资源,为PE塑料废弃物的生物降解提供了科学数据与参考。     

从麦草浆污泥中分离产木聚糖酶的木质纤维降解真菌

采用涂布平板法在马丁氏培养基平板上对麦草浆污泥作真菌分离研究,共分离纯化获得27株真菌,其中青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、麦轴梗霉属(Tritirachium)根霉属(Rhizopus)和毛霉属(Mucor)为其优势菌群;在麦芽提取物-OPP培养基平板上分离得到10株真菌,其中拟指突孢曲霉属(Emercellopsis)为其优势菌群。通过对麦草浆污泥连续富集培养得到真菌10株,经初步鉴定为曲霉属(Aspergillus)和青霉属(Penicillium)。对富集培养分离的菌种进行木聚糖酶产酶特性研究,结果表明:最优菌株为Aspergillussp.MC-JAⅡ,其木聚糖酶酶活性最高值达到2060 U/mL,发生在产酶培养的第84 h,相应纤维素酶活为99.5 U/mL。为国内首次报道麦草浆污泥中的降解木质纤维真菌的分离、鉴定和产酶研究。     

联苯降解细菌的分离及其降解质粒某些特性的研究

:通过选择性富集培养 ,从芳烃污染的土壤中分离得到 16株以联苯作唯一碳源生长的细菌。初步鉴定 ,3株均为假单孢菌属(Psedomonas) 。都含有大小 2个质粒。质粒不稳定 ,易丢失。经苯甲酸钠和口丫啶橙的消除实验 ,结果表明 ,随着质粒丢失 ,菌株利用Bp生长的能力也丧失。酶活性分析表明 ,菌株只有邻苯二酚 2 ,3—氧化酶活性 ,没有邻苯二酚1 ,2—氧化酶活性。菌株对联苯的降解率 :bp2 菌为 93%、bp2 3菌为 81%、bp2 4 菌为 99%。降解过程中产生λmax331nm和λmax4 34nm2种中间代谢物。     

全氟辛烷磺酰胺降解菌的分离、鉴定和降解特性

【背景】全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances,PFAS)是一类具有高表面活性、热稳定性、化学稳定性和疏水疏油性的难降解有机污染物。其长距离迁移性、极高的环境持久性和生物蓄积性给生态环境和生物体带来了严重的危害。【目的】从吉林石化公司污水处理厂水样中筛选获得以全氟辛烷磺酰胺(perfluorooctane sulfonamide,PFOSA)为唯一碳源生长的降解菌,并分析其降解特性及机理。【方法】以PFOSA为唯一碳源,通过富集、筛选、分离和纯化,从污水中筛选出PFOSA好氧降解菌,通过形态学观察、16S r RNA基因和全基因组测序分析对菌株进行鉴定,并采用三重四级杆液质联用仪分别对PFOSA的降解率和降解产物进行分析。【结果】筛选得到一株PFOSA好氧降解细菌C11,经形态学观察、16S r RNA基因序列分析和全基因组测序分析,初步鉴定该菌为睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas testosteroni)。经单因素优化试验发现,在培养温度为30℃、初始p H值为7.0、PFOSA初始浓度为30 mg/L的降解条件下,菌株C1...     

一株地膜降解真菌的筛选及其降解性能分析

【目的】分离并鉴定具有聚乙烯材料降解能力的微生物菌株,探究其降解农用地膜的效能,为地膜的微生物降解途径提供支撑。【方法】以线性低密度聚乙烯粉末为唯一碳源的培养物中分离出1株具有降解聚乙烯材料能力的真菌,利用分子生物学方法结合菌株的培养性状对该菌株进行鉴定,通过观察聚乙烯粉末降解情况和测定地膜失重率,结合红外扫描、高分辨场发射扫描电子显微镜分析该菌株对农用地膜的降解效果。【结果】筛选获得1株具有农用地膜降解效果的真菌菌株PT1,经鉴定为桔青霉(Penicillium citrinum),桔青霉PT1菌株能以重均分子量(Mw)2000和400000的聚乙烯粉末作为唯一碳源生长,经红外扫描、电镜观察发现桔青霉PT1可侵蚀传统聚乙烯地膜。桔青霉PT1能快速利用聚酯类生物降解地膜生长,35 d地膜失重率达50%左右。【结论】本文筛选到具有地膜降解特性的桔青霉PT1真菌,丰富了降解聚乙烯材料的微生物类群,同时也为废弃农用地膜的处理提供了环保的处理途径。     

除草剂二甲戊灵的真菌降解及其特性研究

富集分离了除草剂二甲戊灵降解真菌,并研究了其降解特性,结果表明,真菌可以降解二甲戊灵,利用富集培养的方法从环境中分离到16株能降解二甲戊灵的真菌。其中10株真菌5d内对100mg·L^-1二甲戊灵的降解率大于60％,以其中3株生理耐受能力强、降解能力高的真菌为例,研究了外加碳源浓度、初始pH值、二甲戊灵浓度和培养温度对真菌生长量和降解能力的影响,此3株真菌经鉴定分别属于土生曲霉组(Aspergillus terreus)、长梗串孢霉属(Monilochaetes)和烟色曲霉组(Aspergillus furnigatus),在外加碳源浓度为0．5％～1．0％的范围内,真菌生长量和降解率达到最大;在中性培养液中,3株真菌的生长量大,降解能力强;在浓度为100mg·L^-1时降解率和生长量都比较大,而绝对去除量随二甲戊灵浓度的提高而增加,在500mg·L^-1时达到最大;真菌的生长和降解需要适宜的温度,20～30℃培养时,降解率和生长量最大,可为农药污染治理及生产污水处理提供理论依据。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.