粪肠球菌脂磷壁酸通过 激活NF-κB活化NLRP3炎性体

目的检测粪肠球菌脂磷壁酸(LTA)对NLRP3炎性体的活化机制。方法粪肠球菌LTA及NF-κB抑制剂作用于小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7上,运用Western blot及ELISA法检测NLRP3炎性体相关因子mRNA及蛋白的表达,检验LTA对NLRP3的活化是否借助NF-κB信号通路,免疫荧光染色检测NF-κB的核转位。结果LTA可直接活化RAW264.7细胞的NLRP3炎性体。LTA作用于细胞后NLRP3、Caspase-1和IL-1β蛋白的表达明显高于对照组(P0.05)。NF-κB抑制剂可有效抑制NF-κB P65的核转位,而一旦NF-κB信号通路被抑制,NLRP3炎性体蛋白的表达均明显降低。结论 LTA能直接激活小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264.7的NLRP3炎性体的表达,NF-κB信号通路参与此过程。     

百草枯对活性氧类物质的产生和中性粒细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨百草枯(PQ)对活性氧类物质(ROS)和中性粒细胞凋亡的影响及可能机制。方法:离体培养健康成人中性粒细胞,给予不同浓度百草枯刺激后培养6~24 h,流式细胞仪检测中性粒细胞凋亡率及ROS含量,Western blot检测信号蛋白核因子kappa B(NF-кB)、天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase 3);给予ROS、NF-κB拮抗剂后,再次检测中性粒细胞凋亡率及信号蛋白含量。结果:PQ可明显促进ROS产生及抑制中性粒细胞凋亡,这种效应可被ROS抑制剂二联苯碘(DPI)及NF-кB抑制剂四氢吡咯二硫代氨基甲酯(PDTC)逆转。同时,PQ能促进NF-κB表达增加,而Caspase 3表达则受到明显抑制。结论:百草枯是强力的ROS诱导剂,并能抑制中性粒细胞凋亡,其机制可能与NF-κB活化,进而抑制Caspase 3表达有关。     

无患子皂苷对人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖与凋亡的影响

为了探究无患子皂苷对人肝癌细胞Hep G2增殖和凋亡的影响。本研究采用不同浓度的无患子皂苷对Hep G2细胞进行处理,分别利用MTT法、流式细胞术、qPCR的方法检测细胞增殖、周期和凋亡情况以及NF-κB和Caspase3的表达情况。结果发现25μg/m L~100μg/m L的无患子皂苷分别作用12、24和36 h后,显微镜下发现细胞形态发生明显变化,MTT法检测发现细胞的增殖受到明显的抑制。无患子皂苷作用24 h后流式细胞术检测出现明显的凋亡峰,细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期。qPCR检测发现随着皂苷浓度的提高,Caspase3的表达上调,而NF-κB的表达下调。以上结果说明无患子皂苷能够抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2的增殖并诱导其凋亡。     

抑制GSK-3β活性促进NF-κB诱导的儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病细胞凋亡

核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)是维持急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)细胞生存的关键因子.近年来发现,糖原合成酶激酶-3β(GSK-3β)可以正性调控NF-κB的活性.本研究通过抑制GSK-3β活性初步探讨ALL细胞中GSK-3β在NF-κB诱导细胞凋亡中的作用机制.收集ALL患儿骨髓单个核细胞,采用免疫荧光细胞化学方法检测到ALL细胞核内GSK-3β有明显聚集.体外培养ALL细胞后经GSK-3β抑制剂氯化锂(LiCl)和SB216763处理,采用Western印迹和EMSA检测发现,ALL细胞核内GSK-3β表达下降,而NF-κBP65蛋白无明显变化,但是其活性明显降低.同时RT-PCR结果显示,NF-κB下游抗凋亡基因存活素(survivin)的表达随之下降,AnnexinV-PE/7-AAD双染流式细胞仪检测结果证实,ALL细胞凋亡明显增加(P0.01).该结果表明,抑制GSK-3β活性可以下调NF-κB的转录活性,并通过下调抗凋亡基因存活素的表达而促进ALL细胞的凋亡.     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸对NF-κB在结肠癌细胞中表达的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸（LTA）对NF-κB在结肠癌细胞HCT-116中表达的影响。方法采用免疫细胞化学染色、PAGE及Western blot等,分析经双歧杆菌LTA处理前后,NF-κB蛋白在结肠癌细胞HCT-116中表达的差异。结果经LTA处理后,NF-κB在HCT-116细胞中的表达明显降低,且呈剂量依赖性。结论双歧杆菌LTA可下调NF-κB的表达,对了解LTA诱导HCT-116细胞凋亡的机制提供了一定的实验依据。     

槐果碱抑制糖尿病大鼠肾损伤、NLRP3炎性小体和NF-κB通路活化

目的 观察槐果碱（sophocarpine, SC）对糖尿病大鼠肾损伤的影响,并探讨其相关机制。方法 选用SD大鼠,以高脂饮食12周和链脲佐菌素处理制作糖尿病模型,灌胃给予槐果碱治疗12周。PAS染色以及纤连蛋白（fibronectin, FN）和Cleaved Caspase-3免疫组织化学染色评估肾组织损伤,ELISA检测肾组织中IL-1β及IL-6水平,Western blot检测肾组织中NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白（apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD, ASC）、Cleaved Caspase-1和NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平。结果 糖尿病大鼠肾重指数、尿蛋白排泄水平、血清尿酸水平、肾小球系膜基质扩张系数均较对照大鼠明显升高,肾组织中FN、Cleaved Caspase-3、IL-1β、IL-6、NLRP3、ASC、Cleaved Caspase-1和NF-κB p65蛋白水平均较对照大鼠明显上调,槐果碱干预能明显抑制糖尿病大鼠上述指标变化。结论 槐果碱可能通过抑制NLRP3炎性小体和NF-κB通路...     

PHD1通过下调NF-κB介导的cyclinD1的表达抑制肺癌细胞的生长和增殖

目的:探讨PHD1在肺癌中的功能,并进一步研究其分子机制,为肺癌的治疗寻找新的靶点。方法:选取人肺癌细胞A549,以脂质体为载体一方面过表达PHD1,另一方面合成设计靶向PHD1的siRNA沉默PHD1,利用荧光素酶检测NF-κB的活性,分别用western blot和real-time PCR检测cyclinD1的表达水平。在A549细胞中过量稳定表达带GFP标记的PHD1,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化,测量细胞的生长曲线,并将细胞注射到裸鼠皮下观察其成瘤情况。结果:过表达PHD1可明显抑制NF-κB的活性和IκBα的降解,降低cyclin D1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;而干扰PHD1的表达可显著增加NF-κB的活性,并上调cyclin D1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平,而不影响cyclinE1。过表达IκBαSR可以阻止干扰PHD1引起的cyclinD1 mRNA水平的上调。过表达PHD1可引起细胞周期的停滞,显著抑制细胞的增殖和移植瘤的生长。结论:PHD1可能通过下调NF-κB介导的cyclinD1的表达抑制肺癌细胞的生长和增殖。     

生殖支原体脂质相关膜蛋白激活核因子κB诱导人单核细胞表达前炎症细胞因子及凋亡

为了解生殖支原体(Mg)潜在的致病性及其脂质相关膜蛋白(LAMPs)诱导人单核细胞(THP-1)凋亡及表达前炎症细胞因子(CKs)的分子机制,用Mg提取的LAMPs刺激THP-1细胞,以ELISA法和RT-PCR方法分析CKs产生和其mRNA的表达。不同试实验组的细胞经AnnexinV联合PI染色后通过流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。采用EMSA方法检测LAMPs处理的THP-1细胞中核转录因子kappaB(NF-κB)的激活,并分析NF-κB抑制剂二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷(pyrrolidine dithiocoarbamate,PDTC)对LAMPs处理的THP-1细胞产生CKs的量和其mRNA表达及细胞凋亡的影响。LAMPs能以时间和剂量依赖方式刺激THP-1细胞产生TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6,且能激活NF-κB诱导THP-1细胞表达CKs的mRNA及发生凋亡,PDTC能显著抑制CKs的mRNA表达水平和细胞凋亡。由于LAMPs能激活NF-κB诱导THP-1细胞表达CKs及产生细胞凋亡,因而可能是一个重要的致病因素。     

B族维生素抑制NLRP3炎性小体活化减轻PM2.5致孕鼠脑损伤

目的 探讨NOD样受体热蛋白结构区域3(NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3, NLRP3)炎性小体通路在B族维生素干预孕期PM2.5致脑损伤中的表达变化,明确B族维生素改善PM2.5污染所致危害的作用机制。方法 建立孕期PM2.5损伤动物模型,并给予B族维生素干预。将孕鼠随机分为PBS对照组,PM2.5模型组和VB干预组。分离孕鼠大脑皮层,采用RT-qPCR技术、Western blot技术、ELISA及免疫荧光染色方法检测孕鼠大脑皮层炎性小体通路NLRP3、cleaved caspase-1和IL-1β的表达变化。结果 RT-qPCR结果显示,模型组孕鼠大脑皮层NLRP3、IL-1βmRNA表达水平明显高于对照组;而干预组明显低于模型组,但与对照组无明显差异。Western blot和ELISA检测结果显示,模型组孕鼠大脑皮层NLRP3、cleaved caspase-1和IL-1β的蛋白表达较对照组明显增加,而干预组则明显低于模型组。免疫荧光染色方法显示,干预组孕鼠大脑皮层中NLRP3、cleaved caspase-1免疫反应阳性细胞数较模型组明显减少,与对照组无明显差异。结论 孕期给予B族维生素干预可以抑制孕鼠大脑皮层NLRP3炎性小体通路激活,对PM2.5暴露所致孕鼠大脑皮层损伤可能有一定的保护作用。     

人参皂苷Rg1对游离脂肪酸诱导非酒精性脂肪肝细胞炎症的改善作用及机制研究

该研究探讨人参皂苷Rg1对非酒精性脂肪性肝细胞炎症反应的作用及其分子机制。用1 mmol/L游离脂肪酸处理HepG2和L02细胞24 h,再用20μg/mL或40μg/mL人参皂苷Rg1处理6 h;设置对照组、模型组、低剂量Rg1组、高剂量Rg1组。全自动生化仪检测各组细胞上清谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)的含量;酶联免疫吸附法测定细胞上清IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α。RT-qPCR及Western blot检测NF-κB通路相关基因及蛋白的改变。免疫荧光染色观察NF-κB核转移;Western blot检测各组胞质与胞核内的NF-κB P65蛋白的表达。与对照组相比,模型组培养上清炎症指标明显增加(P<0.05);Rg1能降低炎症指标的表达(P<0.05)。Rg1能减少游离脂肪酸诱导的NF-κB磷酸化及其下游IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的表达,减少NF-κB P65从胞质向胞核的转移(P<0.05)。Rg1可通过抑制NF-κB活化减少NASH细胞模型炎症反应,为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的治疗提供了可能的靶点。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).