猪IL-18在乳酸乳球菌中的表达及其生物活性的检测

为了在乳酸乳球菌中分泌表达具有生物活性的猪IL-18蛋白,并检测其生物活性,故通过分离猪外周血单核淋巴细胞(PBMC),以其为模板,采用RT-PCR方法扩增猪白细胞介素18(pIL-18)基因,将目的基因与乳酸乳球菌表达载体pAMJ399进行连接,并电转化至乳酸乳球菌MG1363中,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析检测目的蛋白的表达,并通过脾淋巴细胞增殖试验和细胞病变抑制法对pIL-18的生物活性进行检测。Western blotting分析检测结果与生物活性检测结果显示,在重组菌pAMJ399-pIL18/MG1363的上清和菌体沉淀中19 kDa处均出现pIL-18的特异蛋白反应带,且分泌表达的pIL-18蛋白能明显促进猪脾淋巴细胞的增殖,并对病毒增殖有明显的抑制作用。以上结果表明pIL-18可在乳酸乳球菌分泌表达,且表达产物具有良好的生物活性。     

甲型副伤寒沙门菌PagC蛋白在乳酸乳球菌中的表达研究

目的构建能够表达甲型副伤寒沙门菌外膜蛋白(Pag C)的乳酸乳球菌。方法 PCR扩增pag C基因,亚克隆至p MD18-T载体并测序,从亚克隆载体中酶切回收pag C基因,插入p MG36e并命名为p MG36e-pag C,转化乳酸乳球菌MG1363。溶菌酶加超声的方法破碎重组乳酸乳球菌,SDS-PAGE以及Western blot检测Pag C蛋白的表达。结果 p MG36e-pag C鉴定正确,Western blot检测到p MG36e-pag C/MG1363表达的Pag C蛋白。结论成功构建能组成型表达Pag C蛋白的乳酸乳球菌。     

基于冰核蛋白的乳酸菌表面展示系统的构建

[目的]验证来源于丁香假单胞菌的冰核蛋白在乳酸乳球菌表面展示外源蛋白的可能性.[方法]以绿色荧光蛋白(Green Fluorescence Protein,GFP)基因gfp为报告基因,以冰核蛋白基因的N末端和NC端作为展示单元,构建乳酸菌表面展示载体pHZ101和pHZ102,并转化大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli JM109和乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)MG1363.[结果]荧光显微镜观察显示重组大肠杆菌和乳酸乳球菌均能检测到绿色荧光.Western blot结果表明GFP蛋白在重组大肠杆菌和乳酸乳球菌中均得到表达,并且INPN-GFP蛋白多数滞留于乳酸乳球菌细胞质内,而INPNC-GFP蛋白则大部分定位于乳酸乳球菌的细胞膜上.[结论]以上结果表明丁香假单胞菌的冰核蛋白能引导外源蛋白定位于乳酸乳球菌的细胞膜上,为乳酸菌表面展示系统的构建提供了新的方向.     

幽门螺杆菌热休克蛋白A在乳酸乳球菌中的表达及免疫学活性分析

目的构建含幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)热休克蛋白A编码基因的重组载体,并电转入乳酸乳球菌MG1363,表达目的蛋白并分析其免疫原性,为H.pylori基因工程口服疫苗的研究和开发奠定基础。方法以H.py-loriNCTC 11637株基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增hspA基因,并克隆至乳酸乳球菌表达载体pMG36e中。将重组质粒转化E.coliDH5α,经鉴定的阳性重组质粒命名为pMG36e/hspA。以电穿孔法将pMG36e/hspA转化乳酸乳球菌MG1363并用Western blot检测HspA蛋白的表达。结果克隆重组后得到pMG36e/hspA。将pMG36e/hspA电转化MG1363后,收集菌体蛋白进行Western blot分析,在HspA的相对分子质量(Mr≈13 kDa)处出现特异性条带。结论首次成功构建了表达H.pyloriHspA的重组乳酸乳球菌MG1363,为进一步口服疫苗的相关研究奠定了基础。     

南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)基因在乳酸乳球菌MG1363中的整合及表达

根据南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B (CALB)的基因序列将CALB基因进行TA克隆、酶切鉴定及测序后,亚克隆至大肠杆菌-乳酸乳球菌穿梭表达栽体pMG36e-Nisl中,构建重组表达栽体pMG36e-Nisl-CALB.设计特异性引物P3和P4,对重组质粒pMG36e-NisI-CALB进行红霉素抗性基因的敲除,以构建食品级表达载体pMG36N-CALB,后再将两种重组质粒分别电转化入乳酸乳球菌MG1363,以Nisin为选择压力,考察CALB在MG1363中的表达情况.结果显示,成功构建了表达载体pMG36e-NisI-CALB及pMG36N-CALB,两株重组菌在含有20 IU Nisir/mL的培养基中均生长情况良好,遗传性能稳定,且经水解圈鉴定,CALB能够进行活性表达.进一步研究发现,CALB基因整合到乳酸乳球菌MG1363染色体中.     

表达增强绿色荧光蛋白重组乳酸菌的构建

以乳酸乳球菌通用表达载体pMG36e为基本骨架,将增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因(eGFP)插入该载体组成型表达强启动子p32的下游,构建了eGFP标记的乳酸菌表达载体pMG36e-eGFP。重组质粒电击转化一株乳酸乳球菌BLCC02-0018。筛选阳性转化子,通过连续荧光强度检测,验证eGFP基因能否在重组菌中稳定表达。重组表达质粒pMG36e-eGFP酶切及测序结果与预期片段大小相符,表明成功构建了重组乳酸菌表达载体pMG36e-eGFP;对阳性转化子进行蓝光激发,可见明显的绿色荧光,且荧光稳定性强,连续传代30代仍可见荧光,结果表明已经成功构建表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白的重组乳酸乳球菌,为下一步研究乳酸菌在动物体内的分布定殖规律打下了基础。     

乳酸乳球菌组成型表面展示载体的构建及鉴定

目的探索融合有Usp45信号肽和3Lys M锚定序列的EGFP蛋白能否通过p32启动子组成型展示于乳酸乳球菌MG1363表面。方法融合PCR法分别将p32启动子与Usp45信号肽、3Lys M与egfp基因融合亚克隆至p MD-18T载体,鉴定正确后命名为18T-p Usp45、18T-3Lys M-egfp,分别将上述片段切下依次插入p MG36e构建p MG36e-p Usp45-3Lys M-egfp。将其转化入乳酸乳球菌MG1363,荧光显微镜观察及SDSPAGE、Western-blot检测。结果成功构建重组菌p MG36e-p Usp45-3Lys M-egfp/MG1363,荧光显微镜、SDSPAGE和Western-blot检测表明重组蛋白能在MG1363中组成型表达,且分泌至胞外并锚定在细胞壁上。结论成功地构建了组成型表面展示载体p MG36e-p Usp45-3Lys M-egfp,重组蛋白能分泌至胞外且展示在MG1363细胞壁上。     

人谷胱甘肽硫转移酶A1在乳酸乳球菌中的表达及活性研究

用RTPCR技术从人肝总RNA中分离扩增了人谷胱甘肽硫转移酶A1基因的cDNA序列,克隆至大肠杆菌表达质粒pET23b,采用蛋白表达筛查法及DNA测序证明该cDNA序列完全正确。重组质粒pET23bhgst转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导获得高效表达的可溶性hGSTA1产物,其表达量约为大肠杆菌可溶性总蛋白的40%。将hGSTA1cDNA亚克隆至乳酸乳球菌表达载体pMG36e,电穿孔法转化乳酸乳球菌MG1363获得hGSTA1乳酸乳球菌表达株。SDSPAGE及Western杂交分析表明该菌株表达预期大小的hGSTA1融合蛋白,经谷胱甘肽琼脂糖亲和层析纯化获得的hGSTA1蛋白具有较高的谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活性。具hGSTA1酶活性的乳酸乳球菌工程菌可望应用于研制防癌保健乳制品。     

带锚定基序3LysM的EGFP融合蛋白与乳酸乳球菌的体外混合展示

目的探索融合有锚定序列的EGFP蛋白,能否通过体外混合展示于乳酸乳球菌MG1363表面。方法采用融合PCR方法扩增带有锚定序列的egfp(3LysM-egfp),亚克隆至pMD18T载体,测序正确后,插入表达载体pET28a转化BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达、纯化,将纯化的3LysM-EGFP与乳酸乳球菌进行体外混合作用,荧光显微镜及Western-blot检测展示效果。结果成功构建表达重组菌pET28a-3LysM-egfp/BL21并诱导出可溶性3LysM-EGFP,纯化后蛋白纯度达到81.5%,荧光显微镜及Western-blot均检测到展示的目的蛋白。结论纯化后的3LysM-EGFP能在体外条件下展示在乳酸乳球菌表面。     

食品级分泌表达载体的构建及报告蛋白在乳酸乳球菌中的表达

为构建乳酸乳球菌食品级分泌表达载体,通过PCR扩增质粒pMG36e的p32启动子片段及乳酸乳球菌MG1363未知分泌蛋白(Usp45)基因的核糖体结合位点、分泌信号肽和成熟肽前11个氨基酸的编码序列(SPusp45),克隆到食品级载体pSH91中,构建食品级分泌性表达载体pSQ;克隆报告基因金黄色葡萄球菌核酸酶(NucA)成熟肽的编码序列nucA到pSQ中分泌信号后,转化乳酸乳球菌MBP71,构建了乳酸乳球菌食品级分泌性表达系统L lactis/pSQ-nucA;通过TB-D法和酶谱法检测L lactis/pSQ-nucA的表达形式、表达量并与以前构建的L lactis/pSQZ-nucA系统表达能力进行比较,结果发现L lactis/pSQ-nucA能够分泌性表达NucA,分泌性表达的NucA量大约是胞内NucA的10倍;L lactis/pSQ-nucA的表达量高于lactis/pSQZ-nucA.为进一步目的蛋白的的分泌性表达及食品级疫苗的研制奠定了基础.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.