光叶楮肌动蛋白基因片段的克隆及其序列分析

目的:克隆构树Actin基因,为在分子生物学中研究外源基因在构树中的表达提供内参,为克隆和分析桑科其它植物的actin基因提供参考。方法:根据GenBank中一桑科植物桑树Actin基因的EST序列,设计引物,提取构树叶片总RNA,通过RT-PCR克隆目标片段。结果:获得一段大小为238bp的基因片段,经测序、同源性比较,这条片段的EST序列与桑树Actin基因、巴旦杏Actin基因的核苷酸同源性分别为96%、92%;氨基酸序列的同源性则分别为100%、98.73%。结论:通过实验结果分析表明获得了构树actin基因EST序列。     

白桦肌动蛋白(Actin)基因全长cDNA克隆与序列分析

以白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk.)次生木质部为材料,用改良CTAB方法提取总RNA。根据植物肌动蛋白(Actin)基因编码区的保守序列设计引物后进行RT-PCR,并采用RACE技术扩增出Actin基因全长序列。该基因cDNA全长1 785 bp,序列分析表明,该基因编码区1 134 bp,编码377个氨基酸,5′非编码区157 bp,3′非编码区495 bp。所得序列与GenBank中注册的其它植物肌动蛋白核苷酸序列的相似性均在80%以上,氨基酸序列的相似性高达96%以上。此基因已在GenBank注册（EU588981）。根据高等植物肌动蛋白相似性构建了进化树,表明白桦肌动蛋白与蓖麻肌动蛋白之间的亲缘关系最为密切,在进化中分化时间最为接近。     

山药Actin基因片段的克隆及表达分析北大核心CSCD

通过山药Actin基因的克隆和表达分析,为研究山药生长发育中肌动蛋白的作用及其他基因的表达和调控奠定基础。根据Gen Bank中已经公布的其他植物肌动蛋白基因(Actin)的保守序列设计一对简并引物,采用RT-PCR技术从山药块茎中分离出1个Actin基因cDNA片段,命名为DoActin。片段长度为1 091 bp,编码357个氨基酸,并提交Gen Bank(登录号:KU669295)。与NCBI核酸和蛋白质数据库序列比对,该序列与其他植物Actin基因核苷酸序列的同源性均在83%以上,氨基酸序列的同源性均在97%以上。进化分析结果显示,DoActin与海枣Actin-2、木本棉Actin-7的亲缘关系最近。实时定量PCR结果显示,DoActin在山药叶片、地上茎和地下块茎以及不同发育期的块茎和叶片中表达量相对稳定,表明其适宜作为山药的内参基因。     

山药Actin基因片段的克隆及表达分析

通过山药Actin基因的克隆和表达分析,为研究山药生长发育中肌动蛋白的作用及其他基因的表达和调控奠定基础。根据Gen Bank中已经公布的其他植物肌动蛋白基因(Actin)的保守序列设计一对简并引物,采用RT-PCR技术从山药块茎中分离出1个Actin基因cDNA片段,命名为DoActin。片段长度为1 091 bp,编码357个氨基酸,并提交Gen Bank(登录号:KU669295)。与NCBI核酸和蛋白质数据库序列比对,该序列与其他植物Actin基因核苷酸序列的同源性均在83%以上,氨基酸序列的同源性均在97%以上。进化分析结果显示,DoActin与海枣Actin-2、木本棉Actin-7的亲缘关系最近。实时定量PCR结果显示,DoActin在山药叶片、地上茎和地下块茎以及不同发育期的块茎和叶片中表达量相对稳定,表明其适宜作为山药的内参基因。     

国兰肌动蛋白基因片段的克隆与表达分析

根据兰科植物(Orchidaceae)蝴蝶兰(Phdaenopsis)的肌动蛋白基因(Actin)序列设计跨内含子引物,分别以cDNA第一链和基因组DNA为模板,采用RT-PCR和PCR方法从墨兰(Cymbidium sinense)、春兰(C.goeringii)中分离出Actin基因的同源片段.序列分析结果表明:墨...     

拒盐型盐生植物小花碱茅肌动蛋白基因片段的克隆及序列分析

本研究根据其它植物Actin基因的保守序列设计一对简并性引物,以拒盐型盐生植物小花碱茅根部总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR的方法扩增出Actin基因片段并克隆到PUCm-T载体,阳性克隆经PCR检测后进行测序,在GenBank中注册;序列分析结果表明:该片段长约600 bp,编码198个氨基酸;所得序列与GenBank中注册的其它植物Actin基因序列同源性均在84%以上,与其它肌动蛋白的氨基酸序列同源性达94%以上.     

赤桉ACT1和ACT2基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

为了解赤桉(Eucalyptus camaldulensis)肌动蛋白(Actin)在生长发育过程中的功能,根据赤桉幼苗转录组数据库中的肌动蛋白基因序列,从赤桉嫩叶中克隆了2条Actin基因片段,并利用RACE技术获得Actin基因的全长cDNA,分别命名为ECACT1和EC-ACT2基因。生物信息学分析表明,这两条基因的全长cDNA分别为1533 bp和1387 bp,均含有1个编码377个氨基酸的开放阅读框。经比对分析,赤桉Actin蛋白的氨基酸序列与其他植物Actin蛋白的具有较高的相似性,并且具有Actin蛋白特有的保守序列和相关特征。因此推测这两条基因对桉树的生长发育具有一定的调控作用。     

多浆旱生植物霸王Actin基因片段的克隆及序列分析

根据其他植物Actin基因的保守序列设计一对简并性引物,以霸王叶片总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR的方法扩增出Actin基因片段并克隆到PUCm-T载体.阳性克隆经PCR鉴定后进行测序,序列分析结果表明:该片段长598bp,编码198个氨基酸;所得序列与GenBank中注册的Actin基因序列的同源性均在82%以上,与其他肌动蛋白的氨基酸序列的同源性达91%以上.     

建兰Actin基因cDNA全长的克隆及其表达分析

根据单子叶植物的肌动蛋白基因(Actin)的保守区序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术从建兰(Cymbidium ensifolium)中分离出Actin基因cDNA全长.序列分析结果表明,建兰Actin基因长度为1 434 bp,编码区长度为1 134 bp,编码377个氨基酸,将其命名为CeActin,GenBank登录号为JN613147.CeActin推导的氨基酸序列与其他植物的同源性都较高,具有高度的保守性.采用半定量RT-PCR技术分析CeActin在建兰各组织及花不同发育时期的表达情况,结果表明,表达量没有明显差异,表明CeActin基因可作为内参基因.     

中华大蟾蜍γ-肌动蛋白基因Bbgγ-Actin的克隆与生物信息学分析

旨在获得中华大蟾蜍肌动蛋白序列全长。以中华大蟾蜍(Bufo bufo gargarizans)耳后腺为材料,提取总RNA,通过转录组高通量测序快速得到中华大蟾蜍肌动蛋白基因(Bbg Actin)cDNA全长2 055 bp,通过RT-PCR技术对其ORF序列进行验证,并对Bbg Actin基因进行分析。序列分析表明,Bbg Actin基因开放阅读框长1 131 bp,编码376个氨基酸。通过BLAST P程序分析,所得序列与Gen Bank数据库中肌动蛋白基因序列相似度均在89%以上,氨基酸序列的相似性达90%以上。系统进化分析表明,Bbg Actin与γ-Actin聚为一类,所得中华大蟾蜍肌动蛋白属于γ-Actin。首次获得了中华大蟾蜍γ-Actin cDNA全长序列。     

Molecular cloning of a novel NF2/ERM/4.1 superfamily gene, ehm2, that is expressed in high-metastatic K1735 murine melanoma cells

We have cloned a novel gene, Ehm2, that is expressed in high-metastatic but not in low-metastatic K-1735 murine melanoma cells. The Ehm2 gene encodes a protein of 527 amino acid residues, showing up to 41% amino acid identity with the FERM domain of NF2/ERM/4.1 superfamily proteins, which have the function of connecting cell surface transmembrane proteins to cytoskeletal molecules. The Ehm2 gene was mapped to chromosome 4 and was expressed in the liver, lung, kidney, and testis and in 7- to 17-day embryos. The highest level of homology was observed with NBL4, which is a new subfamily protein of the NF2/ERM/4.1 superfamily. A human homologue of the mouse Ehm2 gene, showing significant homology (83% identity), was identified in the genomic DNA and EST databases. Furthermore, seven rat EST clones and one pig EST clone in the GenBank EST database were identified as having 83-92% sequence homology with the cDNA sequence of the mouse Ehm2 gene. Thus, Ehm2 is a highly conserved gene that encodes a novel member of the NF2/ERM/4.1 superfamily proteins.     

EST clustering error evaluation and correction

MOTIVATION: The gene expression intensity information conveyed by (EST) Expressed Sequence Tag data can be used to infer important cDNA library properties, such as gene number and expression patterns. However, EST clustering errors, which often lead to greatly inflated estimates of obtained unique genes, have become a major obstacle in the analyses. The EST clustering error structure, the relationship between clustering error and clustering criteria, and possible error correction methods need to be systematically investigated. RESULTS: We identify and quantify two types of EST clustering error, namely, Type I and II in EST clustering using CAP3 assembling program. A Type I error occurs when ESTs from the same gene do not form a cluster whereas a Type II error occurs when ESTs from distinct genes are falsely clustered together. While the Type II error rate is <1.5% for both 5' and 3' EST clustering, the Type I error in the 5' EST case is approximately 10 times higher than the 3' EST case (30% versus 3%). An over-stringent identity rule, e.g., P >/= 95%, may even inflate the Type I error in both cases. We demonstrate that approximately 80% of the Type I error is due to insufficient overlap among sibling ESTs (ISO error) in 5' EST clustering. A novel statistical approach is proposed to correct ISO error to provide more accurate estimates of the true gene cluster profile.     

Estrogen Sulfotransferase/SULT1E1 Promotes Human Adipogenesis

Estrogen sulfotransferase (EST/SULT1E1) is known to catalyze the sulfoconjugation and deactivation of estrogens. The goal of this study is to determine whether and how EST plays a role in human adipogenesis. By using human primary adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and whole-fat tissues from the abdominal subcutaneous fat of obese and nonobese subjects, we showed that the expression of EST was low in preadipocytes but increased upon differentiation. Overexpression and knockdown of EST in ASCs promoted and inhibited differentiation, respectively. The proadipogenic activity of EST in humans was opposite to the antiadipogenic effect of the same enzyme in rodents. Mechanistically, EST promoted adipogenesis by deactivating estrogens. The proadipogenic effect of EST can be recapitulated by using an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist or ERα knockdown. In contrast, activation of ER in ASCs inhibited adipogenesis by decreasing the recruitment of the adipogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) onto its target gene promoters, whereas ER antagonism increased the recruitment of PPARγ to its target gene promoters. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between the expression of EST and body mass index (BMI), as well as a negative correlation between ERα expression and BMI. We conclude that EST is a proadipogenic factor which may serve as a druggable target to inhibit the turnover and accumulation of adipocytes in obese patients.     

Characterization and mapping of three new mammalian ATP-binding transporter genes from an EST database

Analysis of the human expressed sequence tag (EST) database identified four clones that contain sequences of previously uncharacterized genes, members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. Two new ABC genes (EST20237, 31252) are located at Chromosome (Chr) 1q42 and 1q25 respectively in humans, as determined by FISH; at locations distinct from previously mapped genes of this superfamily. Two additional clones, EST 600 and EST 1596, were found to represent different ATP-binding domains of the same gene, ABC2. This gene was localized to 9q34 in humans by FISH and to the proximal region of Chr 2 in mice by linkage analysis. All genes display extensive diversity in sequence and expression pattern. We present several approaches to characterizing EST clones and demonstrate that the analysis of EST clones from different tissues is a powerful approach to identify new members of important gene families. Some drawbacks of using EST databases, including chimerism of cDNA clones, are discussed.     

Gene expression profile of human bone marrow stromal cells: high-throughput expressed sequence tag sequencing analysis

Human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSC) are pluripotent cells with the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myelosupportive stroma, and marrow adipocytes. We used high-throughput DNA sequencing analysis to generate 4258 single-pass sequencing reactions (known as expressed sequence tags, or ESTs) obtained from the 5' (97) and 3' (4161) ends of human cDNA clones from a HBMSC cDNA library. Our goal was to obtain tag sequences from the maximum number of possible genes and to deposit them in the publicly accessible database for ESTs (dbEST of the National Center for Biotechnology Information). Comparisons of our EST sequencing data with nonredundant human mRNA and protein databases showed that the ESTs represent 1860 gene clusters. The EST sequencing data analysis showed 60 novel genes found only in this cDNA library after BLAST analysis against 3.0 million ESTs in NCBI's dbEST database. The BLAST search also showed the identified ESTs that have close homology to known genes, which suggests that these may be newly recognized members of known gene families. The gene expression profile of this cell type is revealed by analyzing both the frequency with which a message is encountered and the functional categorization of expressed sequences. Comparing an EST sequence with the human genomic sequence database enables assignment of an EST to a specific chromosomal region (a process called digital gene localization) and often enables immediate partial determination of intron/exon boundaries within the genomic structure. It is expected that high-throughput EST sequencing and data mining analysis will greatly promote our understanding of gene expression in these cells and of growth and development of the skeleton.     

Structure of a human smooth muscle actin gene (aortic type) with a unique intron site.

A recombinant phage containing an actin gene (lambda Ha201) was isolated from a human DNA library and the structure of the actin gene was determined. The amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences of lambda Ha201 were compared with those of six actin isoforms; they matched those of bovine aortic smooth muscle actin, except for codon 309, which was valine (GTC) in lambda Ha201 and alanine (GCN) in bovine aortic smooth muscle actin. Southern blot hybridization experiments showed that the gene of normal human cells did not have the TaqI-sensitive site around position 309, whereas half of the genes of HUT14 cells did. These results indicate that one allele of the aortic smooth muscle actin gene in HUT14 cells has a transition point mutation (C----T) at codon 309 and that the amino acid sequences of normal human aorta and bovine smooth muscle actins are probably identical. In addition to the five introns interrupting exons at codons 150, 204, and 267, and between codons 41 and 42 and 327 and 328, which are common to skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle actin genes, the smooth muscle actin gene has two more intron sites between codons 84 and 85 and 121 and 122. The previously unreported intron site between codons 84 and 85 is unique to the smooth muscle actin gene. The intron site between codons 121 and 122 is common to beta-actin genes but is not found in other muscle actin genes. A hypothesis is proposed for the evolutionary pathway of the actin gene family.     

EST技术及其在哺乳动物早期胚胎研究中的应用

EST(expressed sequence tags ,EST) 是一段长约150～500 bp的基因表达的外源序列片段,是由大规模随机挑取的cDNA克隆测序得到的组织或细胞基因组的表达序列标签。一个EST代表生物某一时期的某种组织或细胞的一个表达基因。本文主要综述了EST技术的原理方法,哺乳动物早期胚胎研究的理论基础以及EST技术在早期胚胎研究方面的应用,并讨论了利用EST进行研究分析的发展趋势。