张家口地区献血者隐匿性乙肝病毒感染研究

目的:对张家口地区无偿献血者中隐匿性乙肝病毒感染情况进行流行病学调查,为当地血液安全筛查提供指导意义.方法:应用HBsAg ELISA检测试剂盒对回库无偿献血者标本进行检测;对血浆标本采用nested-PCR技术进行HBV核酸检测;对阳性标本进行HBVDNA序列分析.结果:在总计5498例次标本的检测中,共有5417例为HBsAg阴性;HBsAg阴性标本中nested-PCR方法检出13例HBV DNA阳性(0.24％,13/5417);测序结果显示隐匿性HBV感染者中C基因型所占的比例为61.5％(10/16),明显高于HBsAg阳性的HBV感染者(28.2％,11/39,P＜0.01).结论:张家口地区无偿献血者中存在较高比例的隐匿性乙肝病毒感染.     

表面抗原和表面抗体检测双阳性CD重组型乙型肝炎病毒全基因组序列分析

西藏地区藏族人群乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染率较高,而针对感染者血清中HBV表面抗原(Hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)和HBV表面抗原抗体(Hepatitis B surface antibody,HBsAb)双阳性的研究一直进展缓慢,尚无明确的研究结论。为探讨西藏地区藏族人群慢性HBV感染者血清中HBsAg和HBsAb双阳性与基因组核苷酸/氨基酸突变的关系,本研究在西藏选取7个地区作为研究区域,进行多阶段抽样,选取样本进行HBV血清五项指标检测,筛选HBsAg和HBsAb均为阳性的患者血清共24份作为双阳性组,以年龄和乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)等感染指标进行匹配,选取96份HBsAg阳性,HBsAb阴性患者血清作为对照组。HBV全基因组序列通过聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase chain reaction,PCR)产物直接测序获得,并进行重组分析和突变分析。852名西藏HBV感染者中,HBsAg/HBsAb双阳性率为2.82%(24/852)。双阳性组在S蛋白N端和主要亲水区(Major hydrophilic region,MHR)的突变率以及PreS缺失发生率均显著高于对照组。T1753C、C1990T和C2002T等核苷酸突变;S蛋白中V224A、PreS区D103E等氨基酸突变在两组内分布存在显著差异。HBV/CD重组型的HBsAg/HBsAb双阳性发生率与中国乙肝主要流行区域接近。HBV感染者血清HBsAg和HBsAb共存可能与S蛋白,特别是MHR内的高氨基酸突变造成的免疫逃逸有关。PreS缺失、S抗原蛋白C端V224A突变和PreS区D103E突变可能对HBsAg/HBsAb双阳性的产生具有协同作用。     

福建省慢性HBV感染者HBV基因S区、基本核心启动子区和前C区基因变异特征分析

为研究福建省慢性HBV感染者HBV基因多样性及变异规律,了解该人群HBV-DNA的病毒学特征。收集慢性HBV感染者血清标本,通过巢式PCR法扩增其HBV基因序列,比对NCBI数据库中标准基因型序列,分析HBV基因S区,基本核心启动子区(BCP)及前C区的序列变异情况,并对这些变异可能造成的病毒抗原表达,疫苗逃逸,患者病症改变等情况进行探讨。最终成功扩增82例HBV全长基因序列,其中B基因型56例,C基因型26例。基因组特定功能区序列分析发现慢性HBV感染者HBV基因在S区(23.2%)、BCP区(61.0%)和前C区(29.3%)均出现了不同程度的变异。其中主蛋白(HBsAg)主要抗原决定簇a决定簇45.8%位点出现了变异,这些变异位点中包括与肝炎重症化及免疫逃逸密切相关的位点(aa126、aa129、aa145等)。位点G1896A(19.5%),G1764A(11.0%)和A1762T(9.8%)依然是BCP/前C区的主要突变位点。而位点A1752G(25.6%)高突变率的出现在BCP区应引起关注。此外位点G1764A(χ~2=5.742,P=0.030)、A1896G(χ~2=14.392,P=0.000)以及A1762T/G1764A(χ~2=7.289,P=0.012)的突变更容易发生在HBeAg阴性的样品中;而位点A1846T(χ~2=11.882,P=0.003)、A1762T(χ~2=6.561,P=0.038)和A1896G(χ~2=6.958,P=0.030)的突变与HBV-DNA的病毒载量存在一定相关性。总之,福建省慢性HBV感染者在HBV不同基因功能区域均存在不同程度的变异,一些与HBeAg表达情况、HBV-DNA载量、疫苗免疫逃避及肝细胞癌发生具有相关联的变异位点已经出现,BCP区A1752G位点的高频率出现应值得关注,对于这些变异位点的患者应加强监测。     

一种联合检测乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原与核心抗原方法的建立及其与病毒核酸检测结果的一致性

本研究以与血清中HBV DNA含量高度相关的两种HBV抗原(前S1抗原与核心抗原)为靶标,建立了联合检测这两种HBV核酸相关抗原(NRAg)的双抗体夹心法ELISA试剂.对系列稀释血清的检测表明,该试剂的平均分析灵敏度为103.2基因组拷贝/mL(95%可信限102.2-4.2基因组拷贝/mL),显著高于前S1抗原或核心抗原的单独检测.对994份HBsAg阴性血清的检测结果表明NRAg ELISA的特异性为99.7%(95%可信限:99.1%～99.9%).对271份临床慢性肝炎血清进行检测,结果NRAg ELISA与HBV DNA结果的总符合率达96.3%(95%可信限:93.3%～98.2%),NRAg ELISA的读值/临界值比(S/CO)与HBV基因组拷贝数呈正相关.利用NRAg试剂,发现了1例HBsAg"a"抗原表位突变的变异株.这些结果显示HBV NRAg ELISA与HBV DNA具有高度相关性,并能够检测出HBsAg抗原变异株,有望成为HBsAg变异株筛选的有力工具,并为广大基层医疗单位提供一种便捷的替代HBV DNA定性检测的手段.     

不同方法检测血清HBV DNA的比较研究

采用夹心斑点杂交法、PCR-EB定性及Amp-lisensor定量法对HBsAg与抗-HBs同时阳性、HBsAg阳性、抗-HBs阳性和HBsAg与抗-HBs均阴性的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染者检测血清HBV DNA.结果三种方法的阳性率分别为29.1%、47.7%和80.2%;各组HBV DNA含量分别是106.13±1.86、106.08±1.82、104.12±1.40和105.07±1.21(拷贝/ml).结论是Amplisensor法检测HBV DNA具有更高的敏感性;抗-HBs阳性的HBV感染者血清中仍可检出HBV DNA.     

乙肝病毒表面抗原和抗体双阳性者中病毒S区基因序列分析

为了解乙肝病毒(HBV)表面抗原和抗体双阳性患者中病毒的基因型及其HVB S区是否有变异.用放射免疫试剂检测HBsAg阳性样品中的抗-HBs抗体,用聚合酶链反应法检测双阳性样品中的HBV DNA,然后对阳性样品进行克隆和基因序列分析,并将所得序列与HBV不同基因型的代表株进行比较分析.结果显示389例HBsAg阳性样品中有10例为抗HBs抗体阳性;该10例双阳性样品中有5例为HBV DNA阳性;序列分析显示该5株HBV均为B基因型,其中4株为adw亚型,1株为adr亚型;其中有2株在S区的"a"决定簇的氨基酸发生了变异.     

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原在骨髓细胞中的存在及其与乙型肝炎病毒血清复制指标的关联

选择16例血清HBsAg阳性患者为实验组,19例血清HBsAg阴性患者为对照组,每一患者同时采取血清和骨髓涂片,用免疫细胞化学方法(PAP)检测骨髓涂片细胞中的HBsAg。结果,实验组3例骨髓细胞HBsAg阳性者,其血清中HBsAg滴度都很高,而且HBeAg均呈阳性。而在抗HBe阳性或HBeAg/HBeAb阴性者中均无骨髓细胞HBsAg阳性者。在5例血清HBV-DNA多聚酶阳性者中,骨髓细胞中HBsAg阳性者2例;6例多聚酶阴性者中,骨髓细胞中HBsAg阳性者仅1例。 本研究结果证明,HBV可在肝外组织细胞中测出,骨髓细胞HBsAg阳性的出现有集中于HBV高水平复制感染者中的倾向,同时更常见于HBV感染的较早时期。     

河南省乙型肝炎病毒分型特征及小S蛋白主要亲水区变异特点分析

为了解河南省乙型肝炎(乙肝)HBV基因型分布及其主蛋白抗原主要亲水区(MHR)氨基酸(aa)位点变异情况。本研究采集河南省2012年HBV流行病学调查的部分HBsAg和HBeAg阳性的血清样本,提取HBV DNA并进行序列扩增,测序得到s基因序列,利用Mega6.0软件比较分析。共得到HBVS基因序列50条,基因型分布B型为16.0%(8/50)、C型为84.0%(42/50)。血清型分布中,adrq+为HBV主要流行血清型,流行率为84.0%。S基因MHR aa位点变异中,T126变异率最高,为14.0%。HBV MHR变异株总流行率为24.0%(12/50),其中B型的突变率为37.5%(3/8),C型的突变率为21.4%(9/42)。河南省乙肝基因型分布以C型为主,B型次之。血清型主要为adrq+为主,adw2次之。HBV MHR aa位点存在变异,应在今后的计划免疫和HBIG治疗中给予重视。     

河南省乙型肝炎病毒分型特征及小S蛋白主要亲水区变异特点分析北大核心CSCD

为了解河南省乙型肝炎(乙肝)HBV基因型分布及其主蛋白抗原主要亲水区(MHR)氨基酸(aa)位点变异情况。本研究采集河南省2012年HBV流行病学调查的部分HBsAg和HBeAg阳性的血清样本,提取HBV DNA并进行序列扩增,测序得到s基因序列,利用Mega6.0软件比较分析。共得到HBVS基因序列50条,基因型分布B型为16.0%(8/50)、C型为84.0%(42/50)。血清型分布中,adrq+为HBV主要流行血清型,流行率为84.0%。S基因MHR aa位点变异中,T126变异率最高,为14.0%。HBV MHR变异株总流行率为24.0%(12/50),其中B型的突变率为37.5%(3/8),C型的突变率为21.4%(9/42)。河南省乙肝基因型分布以C型为主,B型次之。血清型主要为adrq+为主,adw2次之。HBV MHR aa位点存在变异,应在今后的计划免疫和HBIG治疗中给予重视。     

肝癌患者体内乙型肝炎病毒基因组BCP/Pre C区基因突变多样性分析北大核心CSCD

为研究肝癌患者组织样本中HBV DNA核心启动子区(BCP区)和前C区(Pre C区)的基因突变多样性及其突变规律。收集第四军医大学附属西京医院2015年收治的192例HBV阳性的肝癌患者组织样本,PCR扩增HBV BCP/Pre C区DNA片段并进行测序分析,从测序失败的样本中随机抽取21例,采用构建单克隆文库后测序的方法进行分析。结果显示37.89%(72/190)的HBV阳性肝癌患者体内HBV病毒因呈现多种突变株混合感染的特点而导致PCR产物直接测序失败,经单克隆测序揭示,每一例失败样本的HBV DNA准种池中至少有2~11种突变株共同存在;突变株中缺失突变和插入突变的发生率高达80.95%;其它突变形式按照频率从高到低分别为A1762T/G1764A双突变90.48%,G1756C/T1803A/Δ(1 757~1 765)/Δ(1 824~1 832)四联突变80.95%,T1753C/A1762T/G1764A三联突变57.14%,A1762T/G1764A/G1896A三联突变42.86%,G1756C/Δ(1 757~1 765)双突变28.57%,T1753C/A1762T/G1764A/G1896A四联突变23.81%。由此可见,肝癌患者体内HBV病毒具有BCP/Pre C区DNA突变的多样性,这些缺失与插入突变是导致序列移码与PCR产物测序失败的直接原因。研究结果为HBV持续感染及基因突变检测、相关机制研究和个体化防治奠定了基础。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV