高频超声引导下导丝定位在不可触及乳腺包块切除术中的应用

目的:探讨高频超声引导下导丝定位在不可触及乳腺包块切除术中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析90例临床不可触及但超声提示为乳腺包块的患者的临床资料,其中50例在高频超声引导乳腺病灶体表定位下行乳腺病灶切除术,40例在高频超声引导导丝定位下行乳腺病灶切除术。比较两组术前定位时间、手术时间、切除组织量/肿物组织量及术后并发症的发生情况、术后病理诊断及术后超声随访情况。结果:与体表定位组比较,导丝定位组定位时间显著延长(P0.05),手术时间明显缩短(P0.05),切除组织量/肿物组织量显著减小(P0.05)。体表定位组出现2例切口感染,5例血肿,两组不良反应的发生率相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。体表定位组良性48例(96.0%),恶性病灶2例(4.0%)。导丝定位组良性病灶36例(90.0%),恶性病灶4例(10.0%)。两组病理诊断为良/恶病灶的比例无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后超声随访6~12个月,病灶切除情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高频超声引导下导丝定位精确,可明显缩短手术时间,减少对正常乳腺组织的破坏,可作为行不可触及乳腺包块切除术的优先选择。     

乳腺内不可触及病灶的定位活检应用价值

目的:探讨乳腺内不可触及病灶(NPBL)的定位活检技术及其在乳腺癌早期诊断中的临床应用价值。方法:对彩超发现的4459个和钼靶发现的25个NPBL分别行麦默通旋切和钩丝定位活检,确定病灶的病理类型。结果:4459个NPBL中3196个病灶为乳腺腺病或伴纤维腺瘤样结节(71.7%),1198个为纤维腺瘤(26.9%),11个为分叶状肿瘤(0.2%),17个为导管内乳头状瘤(0.4%),9个为乳腺导管原位癌,5个为导管原位癌伴微浸润,23个为浸润性癌(恶性占0.8%)。25个钼靶发现的NPBL中乳腺腺病13例(52%),导管原位癌7例,导管原位癌伴微浸润2例,浸润性癌3例(恶性占48%)。结论:超声引导下麦默通和钼靶引导下钩丝定位切除可以对NPBL做出定性诊断,具备创伤小、手术时间短和定位精准等特点,对提高乳腺癌的早期诊断率、降低死亡率具有一定的临床应用价值。     

全数字化乳腺X线摄影诊断临床隐匿型乳腺癌的价值

目的：探讨全数字化乳腺X线摄影对临床隐匿性乳癌的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析临床扪诊阴性,手术病理证实乳腺癌12例。全部病例均使用全数字化乳腺X线摄影。结果：12例病例发现病灶12个,其中单纯钙化7例,微结节或结构紊乱伴微钙化3例,微结节伴毛刺11例。局部结构紊乱1例。结论：全数字化乳腺X线摄影能清晰显示乳房各个层次结构,尤其发现恶性钙化敏感性高,对发现临床隐匿型乳腺癌具有重大价值。     

隐匿性乳腺癌的诊断和治疗方式分析

目的:探讨隐匿性乳腺癌的术前诊断方法和最佳治疗方式。方法:回顾性分析我院2005年1月-2016年5月收治的26例隐匿性乳腺癌患者的临床资料,包括治疗方法和预后情况。结果:26例女性患者,在患侧腋窝淋巴结清扫的基础上,14例行患侧乳房切除术+术后放疗,5例仅行患侧乳房切除术,4例行患侧乳腺外上象限局部切除术+术后放疗,3例患者仅行患侧乳房象限切除术。23例患者行术后化疗,根据激素受体情况决定内分泌治疗及靶向治疗。乳房切除与未切除患者术后局部无复发率(P=0.005)及总生存率(P=0.006)比较差别均有明显统计学意义。术后放疗组与未放疗组局部无复发率比较差异有明显统计学意义(p=0.02),而总生存率比较差异无明显统计学意义(P=0.11)。结论:隐匿性乳腺癌患者术前需完善乳腺彩超、钼靶及MRI等检查,也可选择乳腺核素显像。在患侧腋窝淋巴结清扫的基础上,患侧全乳切除+局部放疗是更加合适的治疗方式。     

超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切系统切除乳房肿物应用体会

目的总结超声引导下麦默通(Mammotome)微创旋切系统切除乳房肿物的临床疗效和经验。方法对我院191例患者434个乳腺病灶在B超引导下进行麦默通微创旋切,所有病灶术前均行B超诊断、定位。结果 434个病灶均完全切除,30例出现轻度并发症,仅1例复发。结论超声引导下行麦默通旋切技术是一种微创、美观、安全、准确的乳腺诊疗方法,其具有定位准确,切除彻底,不留瘢痕的优点。     

全数字化乳腺X线摄影诊断临床隐匿型乳腺癌的价值

目的:探讨全数字化乳腺X线摄影对临床隐匿性乳癌的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析临床扪诊阴性,手术病理证实乳腺癌12例。全部病例均使用全数字化乳腺X线摄影。结果:12例病例发现病灶12个,其中单纯钙化7例,微结节或结构紊乱伴微钙化3例,微结节伴毛刺1例,局部结构紊乱1例。结论:全数字化乳腺X线摄影能清晰显示乳房各个层次结构,尤其发现恶性钙化敏感性高,对发现临床隐匿型乳腺癌具有重大价值。     

睾丸间质细胞瘤3例报告及文献复习

目的：探讨睾丸间质细胞瘤的临床病理特点及诊疗方法。方法：分析并总结3例睾丸间质细胞瘤患者的,J盏床病理资料并文献复习。结果：1例术中冰冻切片诊断为睾丸间质细胞瘤,2例术前细针穿刺病理诊断为睾丸间质细胞瘤,病理组织学表现为瘤细胞呈团、条索或弥漫分布,体积较大,呈多角形胞质丰富嗜酸性,边界清楚。2例患者行单侧睾丸切除,1例行睾丸肿瘤剜除术,术后分别随访24、15、10个月未见复发。结论：睾丸间质细胞瘤发病率低,临床表现缺乏特异性,易误诊,确诊需依赖病理组织学检查,细针穿刺病理可明确诊断并有助于手术的选择及手术范围的确定。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌96例影像诊断体会

目的：探讨全数字化乳腺摄影与彩色多普勒相结合对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法：搜集经X线摄影及超声检查并经病理证实为乳腺浸润性导管癌的96例进行回顾性分析。结果：96例乳腺癌中,单发病灶83例,多发病灶13例。采用全数字化X线摄影单独诊断乳腺癌80例,诊断符合率83.33%,采用超声单独诊断乳腺癌87例,诊断符合率90.63%。结论：乳腺X线与超声相结合,诊断乳腺癌95例,诊断符合率99.06%,此二种检查综合诊断,可明显提高乳腺癌的诊断符合率,减少漏诊和误诊。     

德研制乳腺癌早期诊疗设备

德国卡尔斯鲁厄研究中心和耶拿大学的科学家目前正联合开发一种能早期诊断出乳腺癌又能切除肿瘤的设备,称乐“乳腺病灶检验及治疗自动化系统”,这项设备可以利用核磁断层扫描发现乳腺中十分微小的恶性肿瘤组织并对其进行切除。     

超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块

目的:研究超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切术对乳腺良性肿块的治疗价值。方法:回顾性分析2014年9月至2016年9月在本院就诊的BI-RADS分级为2~3级的387例乳腺良性肿块患者,运用Mammotome对729处乳腺病灶行微创旋切术,分析术后病理、并发症、随访半年后的治疗结果。结果:387例患者的729处乳腺病灶均获一次性成功切除。病理示均为良性病灶,其中32个合并不典型增生。术后出现局部血肿共11例(2.8%),皮下瘀斑共16例(4.1%),所有患者均未发生感染及气胸等严重并发症。术后6个月18个在病灶原部位发现肿块;手术无残留率为97.5%。结论:应用超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿块临床可行。     

Preliminary experience in sentinel node and occult lesion localization (SNOLL) technique—One center study

Aim

The aim of this study was to present one center experience in applying the SNOLL technique to patients with suspected occult breast lesions.

Background

In the last years, the widespread use of mammographic screening programs resulted in an increasing number of women with nonpalpable suspicious breast lesions requiring further examination. The new method called sentinel node and occult lesion localization (SNOLL) enables the intraoperative detection of nonpalpable breast tumors and sentinel node biopsy in one surgical procedure.

Materials and methods

46 patients with suspected malignant lesions or diagnosed non-palpable breast cancer were subjected to a pre-operative SNOLL procedure. The day before the surgery, they were administered two radiotracers: one to localize the tumor and the other to localize the sentinel node. During the surgery, the breast tumor and the sentinel node, which in most cases had been examined intraoperatively, were detected with a handheld gamma probe and resected under its control.

Results

All 46 (100%) patients had their occult breast lesions resected. Histopathologic examination revealed cancer in 40 patients: in situ in 2 cases, invasive in 38 cases. All these patients had their sentinel nodes examined. In one case only, the sentinel node could not be located with a gamma probe. Intraoperative tests showed the sentinel node to be metastatic in 5 patients, who were then given a simultaneous axillary lymphadenectomy. In addition, the final histopathologic examination revealed metastasis to the sentinel node in one patient, who had to be reoperated.

Conclusion

SNOLL is a modern technique that enables a precise intraoperative localization of non-palpable suspected malignant breast lesions in combination with a sentinel node biopsy. Extended application of intraoperative management leads to significant decrease in the number of reoperations performed in patients with early bread cancer.     

Is SNOLL a good localization technique in early breast cancer treatment? A single center’s experience

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the method and present one center’s experience in applying the SNOLL technique to patients with non-palpable suspicious breast lesions.Materials and methods371 patients with suspected malignant lesions or diagnosed non-palpable breast cancer were subjected to a preoperative SNOLL procedure. The day before the surgery, they were administered two radiotracers to localize the tumor in the breast and the sentinel node. The following day, with the help of a handheld gamma probe the breast conserving surgery was performed.ResultsAll 371 patients (100%) had their suspected occult breast lesions resected. Histo-pathological examination revealed cancer in 339 patients all these patients had their sentinel nodes examined. The intraoperative tests showed the sentinel node to be metastatic in 35 patients, who were then given a simultaneous axillary lymphadenectomy. Another 7 patients were diagnosed with positive lymph nodes in the final pathology and had to undergo a second operation. Reoperations compelled by positive surgical margins were performed in 26 cases.ConclusionsSNOLL as a good technique of intraoperative localization, enables to remove a nonpalpable breast cancer together with sentinel lymph node in a single surgical procedure. It seems to be a optional method to be used in patients treated with breast conserving therapy.     

Failure to detect intra-abdominal metastases from breast cancer: a case for staging laparotomy

Two studies were performed to assess the accuracy of non-invasive methods in detecting intra-abdominal metastases from breast cancer. Firstly, the sites of spread detected at the time of first presentation with metastases were compared with the sites of spread shown at necropsy in the same patients. Although about two-thirds of the patients with bone and lung metastases at necropsy had had metastases detected at these sites when they first presented with metastases, only a third of the patients with liver metastases and none of those with other intra-abdominal metastases had had evidence of disease at first presentation with metastases. The second study confirmed a poor detection rate of liver and other intra-abdominal metastases in patients with breast cancer undergoing laparotomy and oophorectomy who were staged immediately before operation.Pre-mastectomy staging laparotomy should be considered in those patients with primary breast cancer who are most likely to have disseminated disease beyond the regional nodes. In the presence of occult gross metastases detected by staging laparotomy, mastectomy will not provide additional protection against loca recurrence of disease. Patients with occult gross metastases should also be excluded from studies on adjuvant chemotherapy (designed to treat micrometastases). Aggressive methods of staging are justified to protect the patient as far as possible against unnecessary mastectomy and to identify those patients who should be treated by therapeutic chemotherapy rather than adjuvant chemotherapy.     

乳腺肿块X线检查常见漏、误诊原因的病例分析

目的:分析乳腺X线检查的误漏诊原因,提高诊断准确性。方法:选择2011年3月至2013年12月来我院就诊的135例经乳腺X线摄影和病理检查证实的乳腺肿瘤患者为研究对象,将X线摄影结果与病理检查结果对比,进行回顾性的分析。结果:病理诊断72例良性肿瘤而X线误诊为恶性7例(误诊率9.72%);63例恶性肿瘤而X线误诊为良性5例(漏诊率7.93%)。结论:乳腺X线误诊与乳腺致密程度、患者年龄以及肿瘤形态相关。掌握拍片技术减少技术性误差,提高影像质量,诊断时仔细阅片并熟知各类型乳腺疾病的特征性X影像表象,并与临床相结合,增强责任心,可减少乳腺X线检查的误漏诊。     

Screening and genetic counselling for relatives of patients with colorectal cancer in a family cancer clinic.

OBJECTIVE--To introduce and monitor a screening programme for first degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer based on their calculated lifetime risk. DESIGN--Lifetime risks were calculated for first degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer and used to offer screening based on estimated risk. SETTING--A family cancer clinic was set up as part of the North East Thames Regional Genetic Service for relatives of patients who had developed colorectal cancer before the age of 45 and members of families in which multiple cancer had occurred. PATIENTS--Self referrals as well as patients referred by general and hospital practitioners. INTERVENTION--Relatives with a lifetime risk of 1 in 10 or greater (high risk group) were offered screening five yearly by colonoscopy, and those whose risk was between 1 in 10 and 1 in 17 were offered yearly screening for faecal occult blood. Women with family histories compatible with Lynch type II cancer family syndrome were offered screening for breast and pelvic tumours. RESULTS--In four years 715 patients were seen. Acceptance of screening was 90% (644 patients). Of 151 patients screened for faecal occult blood, two were found to have polyps. This screening test was unsatisfactory for the high risk group, having a negative predictive value of 78% in 59 patients tested. Regular screening by colonoscopy was offered to 382 high risk patients; 62 patients with polyps and five with colonic cancer were found. One hundred and ten pedigrees were identified with the Lynch type II cancer family syndrome, and four of 35 women screened were found to have breast cancer. Of 14 relatives aged over 65 with a 1 in 2 risk of site specific colonic cancer or Lynch type II cancer family syndrome, seven were found to have polyps, one of whom had carcinoma in situ. CONCLUSIONS--Family history can be used to identify those at risk of colonic cancer and to target appropriate screening. Colonoscopy detected a high number of premalignant colonic polyps, but faecal occult blood testing was unsatisfactory for those at high risk of colorectal cancer.