一株嗜盐细菌的16SrRNA基因序列分析

目的:从舟山深海海泥中获得了底泥样品,并从中提取到了一株嗜盐细菌.方法:通过用不同盐浓度的培养基培养,挑取单菌落,反复划线纯化,得到了嗜盐菌的单菌落,通过菌株基因组DNA的提取、菌株的抗性实验、质粒的提取、16SrRNA的PCR扩增及克隆、16SrRNA的全序列分析等手段.结果:得到该菌株的16SrRNA的基因序列.结论:该株嗜盐菌是一株新色盐杆菌.     

PCR-SSCP技术在嗜盐放线菌链单孢菌属快速筛选中的应用

为提高嗜盐放线茵的研究效率,快速、准确的从大量分离菌株中去除重复菌株、筛选出目的菌株,在特异性引物快速定属的基础上,以嗜盐放线茵链单孢茵属的34株菌株为研究对象,采用与PCR相结合的单链构象多态性分析(PCR-SSCP),扩增出16S rRNA基因中的两个高变区,根据结果对34株菌株进行聚类分析,并将其16S rRNA基因片段测序予以验证.结果表明,聚类后34株菌株可大致分为3类,且与16S rRNA基因片段分析结果一致.从而可快速去除重复菌株并反映出菌株间的系统进化关系.同时实验数据可构建成库,使后续分离菌株的筛选工作只需比对数据即可完成,利于提高工作效率,降低实验成本.     

小溪自然保护区非盐环境土壤中嗜盐和耐盐菌多样性

【目的】研究湖南小溪国家级自然保护区普通非盐环境(ordinary non-saline environment)土壤样品中可培养嗜盐及耐盐细菌(含放线菌)多样性。【方法】采用纯培养法和基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析对样品中嗜盐及耐盐细菌多样性进行研究。【结果】用补充5%-20%(w/v)NaCl的MA、ISP2、ISP5、NA和HAA培养基从土壤样品中分离到114株细菌,其中8株为中度嗜盐菌,19株为轻度嗜盐菌,87株为耐盐菌。根据形态观察和部分生理生化实验结果去冗余,选取61个代表性菌株进行基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育多样性分析。结果表明,这些菌株属于细菌域(Bacteria)的3个大的系统发育类群(门;phylum)(Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria)的16个科、18个属,代表了41个物种。多数菌株属于Firmicutes门(38株,62.3%)和Actinobacteria门(18株,29.5%)。大多数菌株与其系统发育关系最密切的已知物种的典型菌株之间存在一定的遗传差异(16S rRNA基因序列相似性为96.9%-99.8%),其中有7个菌株(JSM070026,JSM081004,JSM081006,JSM081008,JSM083058,JSM083085,JSM084035)代表7个潜在新种(potential novel species)。【结论】研究结果表明,湖南小溪国家级自然保护区普通非盐环境土壤中存在较为丰富的可培养嗜盐及耐盐细菌多样性,并且潜藏着较多新的微生物类群(物种)。     

松嫩平原盐碱地中耐(嗜)盐菌的生物多样性

【目的】分离纯化松嫩平原盐碱地中可培养的耐盐菌和嗜盐菌,并分析其生物多样性。【方法】采用纯培养法和定向富集法从该地区盐碱土样中分离耐盐菌和嗜盐菌,然后通过16S rRNA基因同源性比对鉴定所分离细菌的系统发育学地位,从而获取松嫩平原盐碱地中耐盐菌和嗜盐菌的多样性信息。【结果】共分离到细菌40株,分属于细菌域中3个门(Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,γ-Proteobacteria)、8个科、16个属、34个种。其中多数菌株属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),最优势属为葡球菌属(Staphylococcus)(8株,占总菌株的20%),其次依次为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)(5株,12.5%)、芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)(4株,10%)、大洋芽胞杆菌属(Oceanbacillus)(4株,10%)、库克菌属(Kocuria)(4株,10%)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)(3株,7.5%)等。其中9株细菌的16S rRNA基因序列与最近缘种的同源性在97.2%-99.0%之间,可能为新种。菌株耐盐能力主要在5%-10%之间,其中62.5%的菌株为耐盐菌,其余则为中度嗜盐菌。所有菌株的耐碱能力在pH 9-12之间,其中60%的菌株耐碱能力则高达pH 12,除两株为嗜碱菌,其余均为耐碱菌。【结论】研究结果表明,松嫩平原盐碱地中耐盐菌与嗜盐菌种群丰富,主要以葡萄球菌和盐单胞菌为主,菌株不仅耐盐能力高而且耐碱能力也高,并且该地区可能含有丰富的耐盐菌和嗜盐菌的新物种。     

新疆盐碱地土壤耐盐芽胞杆菌的分离和鉴定

为了开发利用新疆盐碱地的耐盐菌资源,从该盐碱地土样中分离并纯化出11株耐盐能力较高的菌株,并从形态特征和16S rDNA序列分析对这些菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,11个菌株均为产芽胞,革兰氏阳性细菌。通过对这11个菌株的16S rDNA进行测序和同源性比较,发现它们与芽胞杆菌的相似性均达到99%。因此,这些菌株被鉴定为Bacillus sp.。11株菌均不能在NaCl质量浓度大于220 g/L条件下生长,属于中度耐盐菌株。耐盐基因的PCR扩增结果表明,只有NYT21、23、25、27、29等5株菌株含有pro耐盐基因,暗示这些耐盐芽胞杆菌具有不同的耐盐机制。     

嗜水气单胞菌菌落多重PCR方法的建立及应用

[背景]嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)对水产动物、畜禽和人类均有致病性。基因表达的溶血素、气溶素和肠毒素是重要毒力因子,在致病性嗜水气单胞菌早期检测及防治中尤为重要。目前采用菌落直接提取DNA用于多重PCR研究的相关报道较少。[目的]基于菌落PCR方法建立针对嗜水气单胞菌溶血性基因、肠毒素基因和16S rRNA基因特异性片段(5个基因片段)的多重PCR快速检测方法。[方法]采用选择性RS (Rimler-Shotts)培养基对样品中嗜水气单胞菌有效富集分离和辨认,建立并优化嗜水气单胞菌16S rRNA、ast、alt、aerA、act这5个基因的多重PCR方法,比较菌落PCR中DNA模板不同提取方法对多重PCR扩增结果的影响,并检测该方法对维氏气单胞菌、温和气单胞菌、杀鲑气单胞菌的特异性。[结果]通过对RS培养基上单菌落的16S rRNA基因鉴定,初步判定嗜水气单胞菌和其他可培养菌的菌落形态,对其富集程度进行可视化辨别。多重PCR反应体系优化结果显示,引物浓度最优配比为16S rRNA:ast:alt:aerA:act=1:2:2:3:4。菌落PCR结果显示,...     

四川大公古盐井中可培养中度嗜盐菌的初步分析

以四川自贡大公古盐井盐卤为研究对象,分离获得112株中度嗜盐菌.经形态特征、生理生化特征和16S rRNA同源序列分析表明:112菌株分属于细菌域的Planococcus、Halomonas、Halobacillus、Oceanobacillus和Virgibacillus 属,与P. rifitiensis和H.venusta、H.trueperi、H.blutaparonensis、V. picturae在16S rRNA基因水平分别有100%和99%的高相似性.但菌株QW06、QW12、QW15和QW18分别与O.profundus、H. trueperi和H. blutaparonensis在菌落形态、革兰氏染色、产酸、明胶水解和淀粉水解等表型特征上有明显的差异.同时,16S-23S rRNA ISR-PCR基因指纹图谱也表明QW06、QW12、QW15和QW18不同于参考菌株O.profundus KCCM 42318和H. trueperi DSM 1040T、H.blutaparonensis ATCC BAA 1217T,说明QW06、QW12、QW15和QW18分类地位有待进一步确定.实验结果不仅揭示了大公古盐井中可培养中度嗜盐菌的多样性和系统发育关系,而且也表明了16S rRNA高度相似菌的16S-23S rRNA ISR在进化的过程中发生了某些突变.     

一株解磷中度嗜盐菌的分离鉴定及解磷特性分析

从四川自贡某盐井壁植物根系土壤中分离得到1株中度嗜盐解磷菌QW1011。该菌细胞呈线状, 大小为0.8 μm×30 μm~100 μm, 革兰氏染色为阳性、最适NaCl生长浓度为10%, NaCl最高耐受浓度15%。好氧生长, 酪素水解、硝酸还原和接触酶阴性。菌株的16S rRNA基因序列(接受号：EF647207)与Bacillus megatherium ATCC 14581的16S rRNA相似性为100%, 其16S-23S rRNA间区(ISR)的PCR扩增片的PAGE指纹图谱与参考菌株Baci     

Chelex-100快速提取放线菌DNA作为PCR扩增模板

旨在建立有效扩增16S rRNA基因序列的放线菌DNA快速提取的方法。采用Chelex-100法提取放线菌DNA,使用PCR扩增16S rRNA基因序列评价提取核酸的质量。结果显示,Chelex-100法能够在10 min之内从放线菌中快速提取DNA,所提取的DNA可以直接用于PCR扩增反应,PCR扩增产物电泳条带清晰,符合理论预期结果。因此,Chelex-100法提取放线菌DNA可以作为16S rRNA基因序列PCR扩增的模板,该方法具有经济、简便、快速的特点,适合于放线菌菌株大规模地筛选和分类鉴定。     

新疆乌尔禾地区盐渍土壤耐盐细菌多样性与群落结构研究

研究新疆北部乌尔禾地区盐渍土壤中微生物群落结构及多样性,以期发现新的高盐环境耐盐性微生物资源菌株。采用传统分离培养法获得可培养耐盐菌株并对菌株形态学、16S rRNA基因测序、耐盐特性进行研究,同时结合高通量测序技术分析新疆乌尔禾地区盐渍土壤耐盐细菌的多样性与群落结构。共分离得到耐盐细菌11株,分属6个属,均为中度耐盐菌,以芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势菌。对盐渍土壤微生物16S rRNA(V3～V4)基因测序,共获得细菌序列290 952条,分属24个门410个属,变形菌门(Proteobacteria, 60.31%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes, 21.52%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes, 6.9%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria, 6%)相对丰度较高。优势属为克吕沃尔菌属(Kluyvera,21%)、Hafnia-Obesumbacterium(19.6%)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas,7.5%)。结果表明,新疆乌尔禾地区盐渍土壤耐盐细菌优势菌群以芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)居多,细菌群落结构较复杂,潜在可利用微生物资源较为丰富,对高盐极端环境耐盐微生物新资源有进一步研究的意义。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.