广西野生瑶山亚种树鼩体重、体尺指标的测定与分析

为了研究瑶山亚种树鼩的体型特征,及体重与体尺性状间的关系,该研究对84只广西金秀大瑶山地区野生瑶山亚种树鼩的体重、体尺指标进行了测定和分析。数据测量结果显示雌、雄个体间,体重、胸宽差异显著(p0.05),体高差异极显著(p0.01)。在体重与体尺以及体尺指标之间的相关性研究中,除体重与躯干长,躯干长与体高、体斜长、胸宽、胸深无显著性相关关系(p0.05)外,体长与胸宽、尾长与躯干长呈显著的相关关系(p0.05),其余各项体尺指标之间均存在极显著的相关关系(p0.01)。以体重为因变量,体高、体长、尾长、体斜长、胸宽、胸深、躯干长指标作为自变量作逐步回归分析,回归方程:体重=-138.63+5.73×体长+9.51×体斜长+22.78×胸宽。该研究确定了广西野生瑶山亚种树鼩的体尺正常范围,为中缅瑶山亚种树鼩的鉴定提供更完善的基础生物学数据。     

猪13号染色体部分微卫星标记与肉质性状关系的研究

从已公布的猪13号染色体连锁图谱中选择与PPAR基因连锁的7个微卫星座位,在苏太猪群体中对这些位点进行群体遗传学特性分析。研究结果表明:各位点等位基因数为6～9个,杂合度为0.59～0.81,多态信息含量为0.51～0.76。方差分析结果显示:微卫星位点S0021对pH值、SW937对系水力影响均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);位点S0293对嫩度、SW482对背膘厚也有显著影响(P<0.05);其他位点S0222、S0281和SWR2054对各性状影响均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。     

秦川牛IGF2基因SNPs检测及其与胴体、肉质性状的相关性

采用PCR-SSCP方法对186头24月龄秦川牛IGF2基因进行了SNPs多态性检测, 并将其与部分胴体和肉质性状进行关联分析。在IGF2基因120碱基处发现C→T 突变, 在279碱基处发现 A→G 突变。方差分析结果表明: BB、DD 两个位点与胴体性状中与宰前活重、胴体重、胴体长、胴体胸深、眼肌面积显著相关(P<0.05), 其中背部皮下脂肪厚达到差异极显著(P<0.01); 与肉质性状大理石花纹、嫩度、pH24 (牛肉排酸24 h后的酸度值)显著相关(P<0.05)。但是在胴体深、系水力指标中差异不显著(P>0.05)。A、D 等位基因是群体中的优势等位基因, AA、DD 基因型是优势基因型, 而含有B、D 等位基因的个体的胴体和肉质性状优于其他个体, 尤其有着极强脂肪沉积能力     

早胜牛类群A-FABP基因SNPs及其与胴体品质和肉质性状的相关性分析

研究早胜牛类群A-FABP基因多态性及其与胴体品质和肉质性状的相关性。采用PCR-SSCP方法对5个早胜牛类群(庆阳类群、平凉类群、南德温与庆阳类群杂种、西门塔尔与平凉类群杂种、秦川牛与平凉类群杂种)的A-FABP基因进行多态性分析,分析基因型与胴体品质和肉质性状的相关性。结果显示,A-FABP基因第三外显子区存在c.408GC的突变,并检测到3种基因型GG、GC和CC。胴体性状相关分析表明,GG基因型的胴体重显著低于CC基因型(P0.05);GG基因型屠宰率极显著低于GC基因型(P0.01),显著低于CC基因型(P0.05);GG基因型净肉率显著低于GC基因型(P0.05);GG基因型的眼肌面积显著低于GC和CC基因型(P0.05)。肉质性状相关分析表明,GG基因型失水率显著高于CC基因型个体(P0.05);GG基因型剪切力极显著高于GC和CC基因型(P0.01);GG基因型蒸煮损失和pH均显著高于GC基因型(P0.05),极显著高于CC基因型(P0.01)。A-FABP基因突变位点可作为胴体性状和肉质性状遗传标记。     

树鼩解剖数据的测定与分析

解剖数据是实验动物主要的生物学特性指标。该文对实验室驯养树鼩(7～9月龄)的体尺、骨骼、乳头、肠道及脏器重量与系数等解剖学数据进行了测定与分析。31项解剖数据测量结果显示雌、雄个体间体高、右耳宽、回肠及结肠差异显著(P<0.05),体斜长、胸深、躯干长、左右两前肢长、右后肢长、左右两侧耳长、左耳宽、龙骨长、左右两侧胫长、十二指肠及空肠长等差异极显著(P<0.01)。以体长为因变量,尾长、躯干长、左前肢长、右前肢长、左后肢长及右后肢长等为自变量作逐步回归分析,回归方程为:体长=13.90+尾长×0.16。37项脏器及系数测定结果:雌雄间比较,体重、心、肺、脾、左肾、右肾、膀胱、左海马、右海马、左颌下腺、左甲状腺、右甲状腺重量差异极显著(P<0.01)。小肠、右颌下腺、左肾上腺之间差异显著(P<0.05);心、肺、胃、膀胱、小肠、大肠、脑、右海马、左肾上腺系数雌雄间差异极显著(P<0.01)。右肾、左海马、左颌下腺、右肾上腺、左右两侧甲状腺系数之间达到了显著性水平(P<0.05)。以动物体重为因变量,以主要脏器指标:心脏、肺、肝、脾、左肾、右肾、脑为自变量,作逐步回归分析,回归方程为:体重=62.73+左肾×79.213+心脏×24.09。实验室驯养树鼩不同性别对体尺、脏器及系数、肠道等解剖数据有一定影响,为树鼩实验动物化及人类疾病动物模型研究提供基础数据。     

中华绒螯蟹微卫星标记与生长性状相关性的初步分析

研究采用30个微卫星标记分析同池养殖的长江水系中华绒螯蟹群体,以筛选生长性状(体重、体长和体宽)相关的分子标记。结果表明,位点ESIN33、ESC29和ESC57与体重、体宽和体高呈极显著相关(P<0.01);位点ESC65与体高、体宽呈极显著相关(P<0.01),与体重呈显著相关(P<0.05)。不同基因型间的多重比较表明,ESIN33位点的AC基因型、ESC29位点的DD基因型、ESC65位点的BB基因型的平均体重、体宽和体高均高于其他基因型,且差异显著,是生长性状的优势基因型。研究结果可为中华绒螯蟹的分子标记辅助选育提供参考。     

大口黑鲈生长性状的微卫星DNA标记筛选

本研究在人工养殖的大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides L.）群体中对40个微卫星位点进行扩增, 运用卡方检验分析微卫星位点在极端大个体组和极端小个体组中的基因型分布差异, 选择差异显著的16个微卫星位点对大口黑鲈随机群体进行基因型与性状的关联分析, 同时分析群体的遗传多样性。结果表明: 关联分析得到7个微卫星位点(JZL60、JZL67、JZL72、JZL124、MiSaTPW76、MiSaTPW117和MiSaTPW173)与体重、体长和体高显著或极显著相关(P<0.05或P<0.01), 同时对差异显著的位点进行不同基因型间与生长性状的多重比较, 找到了与体重、体长和体高性状相关的最有利基因型为JZL60位点的AA、JZL67位点的BB、JZL72位点的AC、MiSaTPW76位点的BB和MiSaTPW117位点的BC。应用这16个微卫星位点对随机群体进行遗传多样性分析, 共检测到47个等位基因,平均等位基因2.938个,每个位点检测到的等位基因数为2~5个、群体的平均观测杂合度、平均期望杂合度和平均多态信息含量分别为0.515、0.500和0.445, 表明该群体遗传多样性处于中等水平。     

新疆褐牛中4种微卫星DNA标记的初步研究

目的:探讨4种微卫星标记在新疆褐牛中的多态性。方法:选择了4个微卫星DNA标记,通过PCR扩增和聚丙烯凝胶电泳的方法,分析它们在新疆褐牛中的多态分布情况。结果:4个微卫星标记的等位基因数分别为8、7、7和7,多态信息含量值(PIC)分别为0.8135、0.7893、0.7947和0.6975。实验数据提示,4个微卫星位点的若干等位基因,分别与前管围、腰角宽、臀端宽、头长、胸宽、胸围等表型性状有不同的显著相关性,结论:为探讨新疆褐牛微卫星多态性与生长性状间的关系提供了初步的线索。     

SSR座位与秦川牛及其杂种牛生长性状的相关性分析

本研究以秦川牛及其与利木赞牛、德国黄牛以及红安格斯牛的杂交F_1代(4月龄)共4个牛群体总计164个个体为研究对象,以体尺性状作为衡量牛生长发育性状的指标,运用最小二乘线性模型,分析了10个SSR座位与生长发育性状的相关性.结果表明,10个多态SSR座位基因型对秦川牛及其杂交后代的生长发育性状效果不一:在ETH225座位,CH基因型(152/172)在4个群体内的体高、十字部高、尻长均显著低于其它基因型;BM1500座位,BC基因型(150/164)在十字部高、胸围、体重指标上高于BD型(150/170);HEL5座位,BD基因型(160/170)、EH基因型(172/180)在多项指标上大于其他基因型;BM2113座位,CG基因型(144/164)在体高、体长、腰角宽、胸围和体重指标上大于CF(144/160)、BF(142/160)基因型;CSSM66座位,BG基因型(183/211)在体高、十字部高、胸围指标高于AE基因型(181/207);HEL9座位BG基因型(158/178)在体高,十字部高、胸围、尻长和体重指标上大于EJ基因型(166/186).本研究的结果旨在为科学评价秦川牛的遗传资源价值和良种选育提供理论依据.     

微卫星座位与丝羽乌骨鸡蛋用系开产性状相关分析

采用多重PCR扩增结合荧光标记全自动电泳检测技术, 对鸡基因组1号染色体和Z染色体上20个微卫星座位与丝羽乌骨鸡BM、BF两个蛋用新品系180个个体的开产性状进行相关性分析。结果表明: 位于1号染色体上的MCW0068、MCW0200与开产蛋重相关显著(P<0.05); 位于1号染色体上的MCW0068、MCW0208和位于Z染色体上的MCW0128与开产体重相关显著(P<0.05); 而位于Z染色体上的MCW0154与开产体重相关极显著(P<0.01)。     

Identification of quantitative trait loci affecting shank length, body weight and carcass weight from the Japanese cockfighting chicken breed, Oh-Shamo (Japanese Large Game)

We performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to map QTLs controlling shank length, body weight, and carcass weight in a resource family of 245 F(2) birds developed from a cross of the large-sized, native, Japanese cockfighting breed, Oh-Shamo (Japanese Large Game), and the White Leghorn breed of chickens. Interval mapping revealed three significant QTLs for shank length on chromosomes 1, 4 and 24 at the experiment-wise 5% level, and a suggestive shank length QTL on chromosome 27 at the experiment-wise 10% level. For body weight two QTLs, one significant and the other suggestive, were identified on chromosomes 4 and 24, respectively. As expected, QTLs for carcass weight, which was highly correlated with body weight (r = 0.95), were detected at the same chromosomal locations as the detected body weight QTLs. Interestingly, the chromosomal locations containing these body weight and carcass weight QTLs coincided with those of two of the four shank length QTLs detected. No QTL with an epistatic interaction effect was discovered for any trait. The total contribution of all detected QTLs to genetic variance was 98.4%, 27.0% and 25.9% for shank length, body weight and carcass weight, respectively, indicating that most shank length QTLs have been identified but many body weight and carcass weight QTLs have been overlooked by the present analysis because of a low coverage rate of the 88 microsatellite markers used here (approximately 46% of the whole genome).     

Identification of quantitative trait loci for shank length and growth at different development stages in chicken

Shank length affects chicken leg health and longer shanks are a source of leg problems in heavy-bodied chickens. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting shank length traits may be of value to genetic improvement of these traits in chickens. A genome scan was conducted on 238 F₂ chickens from a reciprocal cross between the Silky Fowl and the White Plymouth Rock breeds using 125 microsatellite markers to detect static and developmental QTL affecting weekly shank length and growth (from 1 to 12 weeks) in chickens. Static QTL affected shank length from birth to time t , while developmental QTL affected shank growth from time t− 1 to time t . Seven static QTL on six chromosomes (GGA2, GGA3, GGA4, GGA7, GGA9 and GGA23) were detected at ages of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 12 weeks, and six developmental QTL on five chromosomes (GGA1, GGA2, GGA4, GGA5 and GGA23) were detected for five shank growth periods, weeks 2–3, 4–5, 5–6, 10–11 and 11–12. A static QTL and a developmental QTL ( SQSL1 and DQSL2 ) were identified at GGA2 (between ADL0190 and ADL0152 ). SQSL1 explained 2.87–5.30% of the phenotypic variation in shank length from 3 to 7 weeks. DQSL2 explained 2.70% of the phenotypic variance of shank growth between 2 and 3 weeks. Two static and two developmental QTL were involved chromosome 4 and chromosome 23. Two chromosomes (GGA7 and GGA9) had static QTL but no developmental QTL and another two chromosomes (GGA1 and GGA5) had developmental QTL but no static QTL. The results of this study show that shank length and shank growth at different developmental stages involve different QTL.     

Detection of quantitative trait loci for body weights and conformation traits in Beijing ducks

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for body weights and conformation traits were detected in Beijing ducks. Traits included body weights (BW) at hatching and at 1-7 weeks of age; lengths of the body (BL), keel bone (KBL), shank (SL) and neck (NL) at 7 weeks of age; width of breast (BTW) at 7 weeks; and girths of shank (SG) and breast (BG) at 7 weeks. Using a half-sib analysis with a multiple-QTL model, linkage between the phenotypic traits and 95 microsatellite markers was studied. Six genome-wide suggestive QTL for three body weights and two conformation traits were identified in CAU1, CAU2, CAU6 and CAU12. Chromosome-wide significant QTL influencing one body weight trait and one conformation trait were located in CAU4 and CAU10 respectively. Twelve chromosome-wide suggestive QTL for six body weight traits and four conformation traits were found in seven linkage groups (CAU1, CAU2, CAU3, CAU4, CAU6, CAU10 and CAU12). In addition, the QTL in CAU6 at 21 and 73 cM jointly affected SG and explained 10.6% of the phenotypic variation. This study provides the first evidence for QTL involved in body weights and conformation traits in ducks, and will stimulate further investigations into the genetic architecture of these traits in this species.     

硬头鳟幼鱼部分形态性状和体重的关系

随机选取116尾硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)幼鱼,测量其体长、体高、体厚、头长、眼径和眼间距、体重7个性状,计算各性状间的相关系数,采用通径分析方法计算以表型形态性状为自变量对体重作因变量的通径系数、决定系数及复相关指数,对各性状的影响大小进行剖析,明确影响硬头鳟幼鱼体重的主要外部形态性状,为硬头鳟...     

黎族的体成分与体质特征

1982年和1988年已经有学者报道了黎族体质人类学研究资料,近年来又报道了黎族的分子人类学研究成果。目前未见关于黎族身体组成成分的研究,也没有当前黎族的体质人类学数据。2014年11月,在海南省五指山市5个黎族村寨进行607例(男为308例,女为299例)黎族成人的人体测量。研究发现,黎族人偏瘦,肌肉较发达。随年龄增长,黎族男性体脂率的增加,主要是躯干脂肪率增大造成的,与四肢脂肪率关系不大。男性由于骨量、躯干和四肢肌肉量的下降造成瘦体质量的逐渐减小。随年龄增长,黎族女性的体脂率呈线性增大,总肌肉量呈线性减小。体脂率的逐渐增大是由于躯干和四肢的脂肪率逐渐增加造成的,总肌肉量的逐渐减小是左下肢肌肉量、躯干肌肉量逐渐下降造成的。黎族男女均为圆头型、高头型、中头型、阔面型、中鼻型、中躯干型、中胸型、宽肩型、中骨盆型、中腿型。与30年前黎族头面部资料相比,本文测量的黎族头宽、面宽值较大,头更圆些、更阔些,面更阔些,红唇较薄,形态面高值较小,男性鼻宽值较小。     

基诺族体质特征及35年来体质的变化

对云南西双版纳傣族自治州景洪县基诺山基诺乡的基诺族进行体质调查,测量了600例（男279人,女321人）成人人体测量学指标,与35年前在同一地区测量的基诺族体质数据进行了比较,初步分析了35年来基诺族体质变化的原因,研究表明,基诺族身材较矮,颧部不突出,上眼睑多有皱褶,接近40%成年人具有蒙古褶,眼裂高度多为中等,眼外角 多高于眼内角,鼻根高度多为中等,多为直鼻背,多直发。基诺族男性、女性均为圆头型、高头型、中头型、阔面型、中鼻型,中躯干型、中腿型、宽胸型、宽肩型、中骨盆型。这些表明基诺族具有南亚类型体质特征。35年来,基诺族男女的头长、头宽、面宽、下颌角宽、容貌面高、身高、坐高、胸围、肩宽、体重等指标值较1980年指标有所增长。基诺族体质的变化与当地生产力的发展,饮食结构的改善、体力劳动的强度变化都有一定的关系。     

Organ growth of selected lines of chickens and their F1 crosses to a common body weight or age

Summary Organ growth of male chickens selected for high and low 56-day body weight and their reciprocal F₁ crosses was compared at a common age (56 days) or at a common body weight (180 g). Organs that differed at a common body weight included weights of proventriculus, small intestine, lungs, feathers and abdominal fat and length of esophagus. Organ weights that differed at a common age included esophagus, gizzard, heart, liver, lungs, breast, legs, feathers and abdominal fat, and lengths of shank, esophagus and small intestine. Heterosis for most organs was less than 15%. Those exhibiting heterosis greater than 30% included weights of fat depots and feathers, plus lengths of the esophagus, small intestine and shank. Heterosis for these traits, however, varied depending on whether comparisons were made at common body weight or age. These results imply that biological functions of organs at specific ages may not reflect the situations at common body weights and suggest differences in resource allocations among populations.     

中国人群的体部指数

本文通过对63452例18~97岁的中国人体部12项指数值的统计分析,得出目前该年龄段中国人的体部形态特征。研究发现,中国人总体体型为长躯干型、中肩型、中骨盆型、中腿型。男性为中胸型,女性为宽胸型。随着年龄增长,上半身会显得更短一些,上半身与下半身比例更小一些,胸部更显宽厚一些,躯干下部显得更宽一些,腿显得更长一些。与南方族群相比,蒙古语族群、突厥语族群身体更壮实一些,胸部更显得宽厚一些,上身更高一些,上肢显得短一些,躯干的上部（肩部）相对窄一些,躯干的下部（骨盆）相对更宽一些,上肢长和下肢长度比例更小一些。研究还发现,同等身高的男性和女性相比,男性的上肢长度、下肢长度一般都小于女性,而女性比男性有一个更大的坐高值。从躯干长度来比较,女性确实比男性腿短一些。下身长相等的中国男性、女性之间相比,女性的坐高大于男性。同等身高情况下,中国人的坐高比欧亚人种、非洲人种的坐高要大,即有较高的上半身高度。     

The relationship between organ weights and body weights, facial dimensions, and dental dimensions in a population of olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis)

Questions concerned with the relationship between organ weights and body weight on an intraspecific level are best answered by using a sample of animals collected in the wild from a single locale during a single season. The organ weights and body weights for this study were obtained from the necropsy reports prepared in the field (Athi Plain, Kenya) by H. C. McGill, Jr. on 36 adult animals (18 males and 18 females). Dental and facial measurements were taken by M.I. Siegel. In order to avoid erroneous results produced by statistical treatment of combined sex samples of sexually dimorphic species, data on the sexes were analyzed separately. Means and standard deviations are reported for selected organ weights and body dimensions (heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, brain, and pancreas weights, crown–rump length, crown–heel length, head circumference, chest circumference, and body weight). All of the above measures were significantly (p<0.05) different between the sexes. Logarithms of these measures were significantly correlated with the logarithm of body weight in males for heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and adrenal weights, crown–heel length, and head and chest circumference, and in females for crown–heel length, heart, liver, and kidney weights. Partial correlational analysis, removing the effects of body size (weight), showed mostly negative correlational relationships between dental and visceral dimensions. Most of the correlations between facial and visceral dimensions were negative. Allometric equations were calculated for the dental, facial, and visceral dimensions versus body weight, and are compared with prior published results.     

Sex differences in body size and body condition in breeding Temminck’s Stints Calidris temminckii

There have been very few reports of body size measurements of live Temminck’s Stints, but earlier studies have shown sex differences in body mass and tarsus length. Here we use molecular techniques to determine the sex of Temminck’s Stints from a Norwegian breeding population. In total, we report measurements of body weight, wing length, tarsus length, bill length, skull length and keel length from 17 males and 30 females. We found significant sex differences in all of these variables, with the exception of tarsus length. The differences in skull length disappeared after the bill lengths had been subtracted from the measurements. A discriminant function analysis based on wing length and bill length correctly classified 86% of the cases (12/16 males, 25/27 females). Female Temminck’s Stints are known to regularly lay more than one clutch of eggs per season and could therefore be expected to be physiologically deprived of bodily energy stores. Nevertheless, we found females to be in better body condition than males.