硫辛酸在糖尿病微血管病变治疗中的作用

糖尿病是危害人群健康的一种慢性疾病。糖尿病微血管病变是糖尿病的特异性病变,其并发症主要包括肾脏病变,视网膜病变及神经病变。而其发生受多种因素影响,其发生机制研究已形成多种学说,主要有非酶糖基化、多元醇通路、氧化应激及己糖胺通路学说等。近年来硫辛酸对糖尿病微血管并发症的治疗作用是国内外研究的热点,硫辛酸是高效抗氧化剂,清除自由基和活性氧,再生体内谷胱甘肽等其他抗氧化剂,减弱氧化应激,从而硫辛酸可减弱多种糖尿病微血管并发症的诱发因素,并干预多元醇通路与己糖胺通路,对糖尿病微血管并发症中的相应靶器官有保护作用,本文就硫辛酸在糖尿病微血管病变中的应用做一简要综述。     

氧化应激与糖尿病

高血糖引起的自由基产生过多或消除障碍导致氧化应激的出现,氧化应激与糖尿病及其并发症的发生发展密切相关。抗氧化治疗为糖尿病及并发症的防治提供了新的思路。     

氧化应激与糖尿病

高血糖引起的自由基产生过多或消除障碍导致氧化应激的出现,氧化应激与糖尿病及其并发症的发生发展密切相关。抗氧化治疗为糖尿病及并发症的防治提供了新的思路。     

冬眠哺乳动物氧化应激产生及抗氧化防御机制研究进展

哺乳动物的冬眠是一种季节性异温状态,是对外界恶劣自然环境的一种适应策略。冬眠-阵间觉醒周期中,伴随着生理功能的剧烈变化,从冬眠期间整体代谢的抑制,到阵间觉醒时氧代谢的急剧增加,使动物体内产生了大量的氧自由基。然而,冬眠动物出眠时并未表现出明显的氧化损伤迹象,因此,冬眠哺乳动物被认为是一种天然的抗氧化损伤模型。本文从氧化应激的产生、活性氧的来源、抗氧化防御等方面综述了冬眠哺乳动物对氧化应激的防御,并从其抗氧化的分子调控方面分析了冬眠哺乳动物对氧化应激的适应机制。     

连翘花黄色素对线虫在氧化应激下的保护作用

自由基过度引起的氧化应激是多种疾病发生的因素。连翘花黄色素(forsythia flower yellow pigment, FFYP)中含有大量的抗氧化活性物质,但其对氧化应激的抵抗性仍不清楚。本文首先通过化学方法检测FFYP的体外抗氧化活性;用细胞内抗氧化活性（cellular antioxidant activity,CAA）方法检测FFYP细胞内抗氧化活性;然后以秀丽隐杆线虫（Caenorhabditis elegans,C. elegans）为模型,检测FFYP对线虫氧化应激抵抗力及体内抗氧化指标的影响;用Daf 16和Skn 1突变体线虫和qRT PCR实验探究其作用机制。研究结果表明,FFYP具有1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除能力,铁离子还原能力和活性氧自由基(reactive oxygen species, ROS）清除能力,并且具有浓度依赖性。用500 μmol/L的胡桃醌提供氧化应激压力时,FFYP能显著提高线虫在氧化应激下的寿命,表明FFYP可以提高线虫对氧化应激的抵抗力。进一步研究发现,FFYP可显著降低线虫体内ROS自由基含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性,增加还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)含量,表明FFYP通过提高线虫体内抗氧化防御系统活性清除自由基来提高线虫对氧化应激的抵抗力。突变体线虫实验显示,FFYP对线虫延长氧化应激下寿命的效应在Skn-1突变体线虫中完全消失,在Daf-16突变体中效应被减弱。qRT-PCR实验也显示,Daf-16和Skn-1靶基因的表达量均被提高。表明FFYP对线虫氧化应激抵抗力提高的作用是通过Daf-16和Skn-1共同作用。这预示着FFYP具有很好的抗氧化及抗应激药用价值,有潜力成为一种新的有生物活性的天然色素。     

运动介导氧化应激改善糖尿病性心肌病的研究进展

随着糖尿病患病率日趋增加,糖尿病性心肌病(diabetic cardiomyopathy, DCM)也越来越受到关注。糖尿病性心肌病的致病因素很多,氧化应激是DCM的重要风险因素,慢性高血糖通过产生大量活性氧(ROS)损伤抗氧化防御系统和增加氧化应激导致心肌病理异常。已有研究证实运动可以降低糖尿病活性氧簇生成、增强抗氧化应激能力,有利于心肌保护。该文就运动调节DCM模型鼠和患者氧化应激水平以及不同运动方式改善DCM的相关机制进行综述,为运动缓解糖尿病性心肌病的发病进程提供理论依据。     

微生物源性抗氧化剂体外抗氧化能力的初步研究

目的:研究微生物源性抗氧化剂的体外抗氧化能力.方法:在体外分别测定微生物源性抗氧化剂、α-生育酚(Vε)、抗坏血酸(VC)、L-硫辛酸、表没食子酸儿茶素的还原能力,羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基清除能力及抗脂质过氧化能力,比较微生物源性抗氧化剂与其他抗氧化剂抗氧化能力.结果:微生物源性抗氧化剂有较强的抗氧化能力,体外清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基能力的半数有效量(EC50)分别为184.5μg、48.7μg、66.1 μg.与常见抗氧化剂相比,微生物源性抗氧化剂对氧自由基及氮自由基都有较好的清除自由基作用.结论:微生物源性抗氧化剂体外抗氧化作用明显,有进一步开发的价值.     

铁代谢紊乱和其它致病因素介导的肝氧化损伤及抗氧化保护策略研究进展

铁是人体所必需的微量元素,独特的化学活性使其成为血红蛋白和多种酶类的重要组成部分,同时,铁也可以催化产生各种自由基分子。作为铁的主要储存器官,肝脏在维持机体铁稳态中起着中心枢纽作用。当肝脏发生铁调节紊乱或者受到各种肝脏致病因素(丙型肝炎病毒、乙型肝炎病毒和酒精)侵袭时,都会造成自由基分子的过量生成。若机体的抗氧化防御系统不能将这些自由基及时清除,将会导致氧化应激损伤介导的肝损伤。目前的研究表明,针对肝脏疾病患者进行去铁及抗氧化治疗是一种有效的治疗模式。因此,研究肝脏铁代谢及各种肝脏疾病致病因素引起的氧化应激具有重要的理论和临床意义。     

鸭舌草中抗氧化活性物质的分离与鉴定

采用溶剂萃取法将鸭舌草75%乙醇提取物浸膏分成4个不同组分,并用碘量法测定其抗氧化活性.结果表明,高极性组分正丁醇相具有最强的抗氧化活性,与天然抗氧化剂茶多酚和化学合成抗氧化剂BHT的抗氧化活性相当,显著高于对照.利用柱层析技术对具有高抗氧化活性组分正丁醇相进一步分离纯化,并确定为豆甾醇葡萄糖甙.以BHT为对照对羟自由基进行清除试验,结果表明,与对照抗氧化剂BHT相比,它们对羟自由基具有更高的清除率.     

抗氧化多肽研究及其应用前景

活性氧是一类含未配对电子的含氧类物质,是机体进行有氧呼吸的副产物,可以独立存在并具有强氧化性。人和动物体内过多的活性氧蓄积会引发氧化还原失衡,导致氧化应激,造成核酸和蛋白质结构损伤,诱发系列疾病。目前主要通过使用抗氧化剂来清除活性氧,可分为人工合成抗氧化剂和天然抗氧化剂。与具有潜在基因毒性的合成抗氧化剂不同,属于天然抗氧化剂的抗氧化多肽具有来源广泛、易吸收、活性强的特点,能有效清除活性氧,减缓氧化损伤,预防和缓解多种慢性疾病。现梳理了近年来有关抗氧化多肽的研究,总结了已发现的抗氧化多肽的种类及其特性,着重分析了抗氧化多肽构效关系及其活性影响因素,并简要讨论了抗氧化多肽的应用前景及其面临的挑战。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.