合生元益生菌冲剂对小鼠肠道菌群调节作用的研究

目的 研究合生无益生菌冲剂对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用.方法 将小鼠分为阴性对照组、合生元益生菌冲剂组.阴性对照组灌服蒸馏水14 d,合生元益生菌冲剂组灌服1 g/kg·d剂量的台生元益生菌冲剂14 d,检测实验前后肠道菌群数量.结果 灌服后小鼠肠道菌群与灌服前比较,,双歧杆菌数量有显著性增加（P＜0.05）,肠杆菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌数量有无显著性变化（P＞0.05）.结论 合生元益生菌冲剂对小鼠肠道菌群具有一定的调节作用.     

合生元益生菌冲剂对提高儿童消化道黏膜免疫的作用

目的探讨健康儿童口服法国合生元益生菌冲剂后的唾液中sIgA(分泌型IgA)含量的变化,从而判定其对提高消化道黏膜免疫的作用。方法选择正常健康儿童28例,根据年龄分为4组,其中从每组随机抽出1或者2例作为对照组,对照组共为7例,而试验组则为21例。收集口服合生元益生菌冲剂前后正常健康儿童唾液标本经放射免疫分析法检测sIgA的含量。结果对照组儿童之间唾液sIgA分泌量差异较大,个体的唾液sIgA水平会随着身体健康状况和饮食条件等呈不稳定情况,而试验组儿童的唾液sIgA分泌量在连续口服益生菌冲剂6天后有了一个新的提高,并在继续服用益生菌冲剂的7天内获得比较高而稳定的水平。结论口服法国合生元益生菌冲剂可有效诱导消化道黏膜免疫应答,提高并维持儿童的免疫力。     

益生菌治疗婴幼儿鹅口疮及对口腔sIgA水平影响

目的 观察益生菌联合制霉菌素、鱼肝油治疗婴幼儿鹅口疮的临床疗效及对婴幼儿口腔sIgA水平的影响.方法 将47例鹅口疮患儿随机分成对照组(n=22)及治疗组(n=25)例,对照组常规用制霉菌素片加鱼肝油涂抹口腔治疗,治疗组在制霉菌素片及鱼肝油涂抹口腔基础上口服益生菌,连续治疗4周后,观察两组疗效及复发率,同时检测患儿口腔中sIgA分泌量的变化.结果 治疗组总有效率为84％,总复发率为8.0％,对照组总有效率为63.6％,总复发率为22.7％,两组总有效率及总复发率比较差异有统计学意义;对照组口腔唾液分泌sIgA量在治疗期间虽有一定程度提高,但始终徘徊在低水平,治疗组在服用4周益生菌后唾液sIgA分泌量有了新的较大提高,且维持较高水平,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义.结论 益生菌治疗婴幼儿鹅口疮疗效好,安全性高,复发率低,可有效诱导消化道黏膜免疫应答,提高婴幼儿免疫力,易被广大家长及患儿接受,值得临床推广应用.     

乳果糖联合美常安治疗成人功能性便秘的临床疗效观察

目的 观察乳果糖联合美常安(枯草杆菌肠球菌二联活菌)治疗成人功能性便秘的疗效及安全性.方法 采用随机分组、平行对照试验.按入选标准选择成人便秘患者64例,随机进入试验组和对照组,每组均为32例.试验组服用乳果糖15 mL bid和美常安500 mg tid;对照组服用乳果糖15 mL bid,疗程2周.观察排便次数、大便性状及便秘伴随症状的变化.结果 试验组48 h首次排便率(78.12％)明显高于对照组(53.33％)(P＜0.05);试验组平均每周排便次数明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);治疗后试验组和对照组大便恢复正常率分别为87.50％和60.00％(P＜0.05),试验组腹胀缓解率(84.00％)及排便困难缓解率(92.59％)均明显高于对照组(56.52％和65.38％)(均为P ＜0.05);试验组总有效率(93.75％)明显高于对照组(73.33％)(P＜0.05);两组均无严重不良反应发生.结论 乳果糖联合美常安治疗成人功能性便秘比单纯应用乳果糖治疗症状改善快、效果好、安全.     

硝酸舍他康唑乳膏每日1次疗法治疗股癣疗效观察

目的 观察舍他康唑乳膏1次/d疗法治疗股癣的效果与安全性.方法 将参与试验的股癣患者随机分组,试验组每晚1次外用舍他康唑乳膏,对照组早晚各1次外用舍他康唑乳膏,连续用药4周,于治疗前、用药2周、4周及停药后2周分别进行症状和体征评分.结果 治疗结束和停药2周时,两组的临床疗效无显著差异(P＞0.05).治疗2周时试验组和对照组的真菌清除率分别为82.6％和92.5％,有显著差异(P＜0.05);治疗结束和停药2周时试验组的真菌清除率分别为95.9％和97.3％,对照组分别为96.4％和98.6％,均无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 舍他康唑乳膏1次/d疗法治疗股癣疗效好,简便易行,安全性高.     

微生态制剂乳酸菌胶囊联合奥硝唑治疗细菌性阴道病的临床研究

目的 探讨乳酸菌阴道胶囊联合奥硝唑对细菌性阴道病的治疗效果.方法 将173例细菌性阴道病患者随即分为3组,试验组:奥硝唑胶囊0.5 g/(bid ·5 d)+乳酸菌阴道胶囊0.25 g/7 d;对照组Ⅰ:奥硝唑胶囊0.5 g/(bid·5 d);对照组Ⅱ:乳酸菌阴道胶囊0.25 g/7 d;各组治疗连续两个疗程.结果 各组治疗结束后,有效率:试验组为96.7％、对照组Ⅰ为90.9％、对照组Ⅱ为89.7％,试验组与对照组Ⅰ比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),试验组与对照组Ⅱ比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);试验组复发率为13.3％,低于对照组Ⅰ、Ⅱ(P＜0.05)结论 乳酸菌阴道胶囊与奥硝唑联合治疗细菌性阴道病可提高疗效,降低复发率.     

双歧杆菌预防早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的疗效观察

目的 探讨双歧杆菌预防早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的疗效.方法 随机分成试验组和对照组,对照组给予常规治疗,试验组在对照组基础上给予双歧杆菌治疗.观察两组不同胎龄和不同出生体重早产儿NEC患病率、治疗前后肠道各菌群变化的差异.结果 (1)试验组NEC总发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);(2)试验组出生体重＜1500g早产儿NEC发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(3)治疗后试验组细菌总数、球菌总数及杆菌总数上升幅度显著大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);治疗后试验组杆球菌比值较对照组显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 双歧杆菌可有效预防早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎.     

联合应用BB-12和LGG对极低出生体重早产儿胃肠功能的影响

目的 探讨口服双歧杆菌(BB-12)和鼠李糖乳杆菌(LGG)混合的益生菌制剂对极低出生体重早产儿胃肠功能的影响并评估其安全性.方法 对97例极低出生体重早产儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析.益生菌组45例,对照组52例;益生菌组口服BB-12和LGG的混合益生菌制剂,余治疗同对照组.结果 益生菌组静脉营养、外周置入中心静脉导管(PICC)及鼻饲时间明显长于对照组,合并症例数明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),而坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)发病率(6.7％)较对照组(23.1％)明显下降(P＜0.05),且3例NEC(Ⅲ级)均发生在对照组.益生菌组胆汁酸、碱性磷酸酶明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),体重增长速度较对照组有增加趋势;而两组喂养不耐受及胃肠外营养相关性胆汁淤积发病率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).益生菌组无益生菌相关败血症、脑膜炎、腹泻、皮疹等不良反应.结论 口服BB-12和LGG混合的益生菌制剂可改善极低出生体重早产儿胃肠功能且相对安全.     

益生菌对高脂饮食诱导的大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的 观察益生菌对高脂饲料喂养的SD大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响.方法 30只雄性健康SD大鼠正常喂养1周后,随机分为正常对照组、高脂模型组、益生菌干预组[即在高脂饲料喂养的基础上给予培菲康210 mg/(只·d)灌胃].14周末,处死所有大鼠,测量大鼠体重,检测血清及肝匀浆液中脂质和葡萄糖的变化,评价胰岛素抵抗程度,并检测血浆内毒素水平.结果 (1)与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肝指数明显升高(P＜0.05);益生菌治疗后肝指数无明显降低(P＞0.05).(2)与对照组比较,模型组存在脂质代谢紊乱(P＜0.05),益生菌治疗后脂代谢紊乱明显改善(P＜0.05).(3)与对照组比较,模型组胰岛素抵抗指数明显升高(P＜0.05),胰岛素敏感指数明显降低(P＜0.05),存在胰岛素抵抗,益生菌治疗后胰岛素抵抗改善(P＜0.05).(4)与对照组比较,模型组血浆内毒素水平明显升高(P＜0.05),存在内毒素血症,益生菌治疗后内毒素血症减轻(P＜0.05).结论 益生菌可减轻内毒素血症,改善高脂饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗.     

珂立苏联合经鼻间歇性正压通气(NIPPV)治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征46例临床分析

目的:研究珂立苏(肺表面活性物质)联合经鼻间歇性正压通气(NIPPV)治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的临床效果.方法:选取2010年4月-2012年4月我院NICU收治的符合NRDS诊断标准的患儿46例,将患儿随机分为试验组29例和对照组17例.试验组患儿给予珂立苏联合NIPPV治疗,对照组患儿仅给予NIPPV治疗.比较两者患儿治疗前及治疗后6h、24h、48h呼吸功能参数变化情况、X线胸片评分改变情况及3d内存活率.结果:(1)呼吸功能参数情况:试验组患儿上机时(用药前)及用药后6h、24h、48h后肺顺应性(C值)随通气时间进展而逐渐升高,氧合指数(OI值)、呼吸指数(RI值)及肺泡-动脉氧分压差((A-a)DO2值)均随通气时间进展而逐渐下降.试验组患儿经珂立苏治疗后6h、24h、48h和对照组比较,C值均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),OI值均显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),RI值均显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),(A-a)DO2值均显著低于对照组(A-a)DO2值.(2)X线胸片变化:试验组患儿上机时(用药前)及用药后6h、24h、48h后X线胸片评分逐渐降低,且用药后6h、24h、48h后每一时间点评分均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).(3)患儿3d内存活率:试验组患儿存活率96.4％显著高于对照组70.1％(P＜0.05).结论:肺表面活性物质(珂立苏)联合经鼻间歇性正压通气(NIPPV)能明显改善患儿肺通气、换气功能,降低患儿死亡率,治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征临床疗效显著优于单纯应用NIPPV治疗.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).