pLNCX-pemt2重组载体的构建及pemt2基因在大鼠肝癌CBRH-7919细胞中的表达

为进一步研究 pemt2对肝癌细胞生长抑制的作用机制提供方便的实验模型 ,构建了p LNCX- pemt2重组体 .将目的基因 pemt2连接入含有 neo抗性基因的真核细胞表达载体 p LNCX中 ,构建 p LNCX- pemt2重组子 ,并用磷酸钙沉淀法将其转入大鼠肝癌 CBRH- 791 9细胞中 ,应用PCR、Western印迹及 [3 H]SAM参入等技术对其转染、表达及活性进行鉴定 .转染 p LNCX- pemt2的大鼠肝癌细胞 ,PEMT2成功表达 (分子量为 2 2 .5k D) ;高表达克隆 PEMT2的表达量比对照组高约 5倍 ,其活性比对照组高 2 .1倍 ;细胞生长的倍增时间从 2 1 .54± 7.0 8h延长到 43.2 2± 7.1 1h.结果表明 ,p LNCX- pemt2重组体转入肝癌细胞后 ,PEMT2蛋白得到高效表达 ,明显抑制肝癌细胞生长 .     

pLNCX-pemt2重组载体的构建及pemt2基因在大鼠肝癌CBRH-7919细胞中的表达

为进一步研究 pemt2对肝癌细胞生长抑制的作用机制提供方便的实验模型 ,构建了p LNCX- pemt2重组体 .将目的基因 pemt2连接入含有 neo抗性基因的真核细胞表达载体 p LNCX中 ,构建 p LNCX- pemt2重组子 ,并用磷酸钙沉淀法将其转入大鼠肝癌 CBRH- 791 9细胞中 ,应用PCR、Western印迹及 [3 H]SAM参入等技术对其转染、表达及活性进行鉴定 .转染 p LNCX- pemt2的大鼠肝癌细胞 ,PEMT2成功表达 (分子量为 2 2 .5k D) ;高表达克隆 PEMT2的表达量比对照组高约 5倍 ,其活性比对照组高 2 .1倍 ;细胞生长的倍增时间从 2 1 .54± 7.0 8h延长到 43.2 2± 7.1 1h.结果表明 ,p LNCX- pemt2重组体转入肝癌细胞后 ,PEMT2蛋白得到高效表达 ,明显抑制肝癌细胞生长 .     

pemt2-cDNA的转染抑制大鼠CBRH-7919肝癌细胞c-Met及Bcl-2的表达并诱发凋亡

为探讨磷脂酰乙醇胺 N 甲基转移酶 2 (phosphatidylethanolamine N methyltransferase 2 ,PEMT2 )的转染抑制大鼠肝癌CBRH 7919细胞增殖的分子机理 ,构建了带有完整的pemt2 cDNA基因质粒载体 ,经转染和鉴定 ,确知其在大鼠肝癌细胞系CBRH 7919细胞中稳定高表达 .用细胞培养、免疫细胞化学、Western印迹、流式细胞仪和琼脂糖凝胶电泳等技术研究c Met(HGF的受体 )及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl 2在此过程中的表达和是否诱发凋亡 .免疫组织化学及Western印迹分析显示在转染高表达细胞中 ,c Met及Bcl 2的表达下调 .流式细胞仪分析表明 ,在转染pemt2 cDNA的高表达细胞中 ,G1期细胞增加 ,S期细胞减少 ,并在G0 期出现一个凋亡峰 .琼脂糖凝胶电泳谱显示梯状条带 .结果表明 :pemt2的转染可使大鼠肝癌细胞的c Met及Bcl 2的表达下调 ,并发生凋亡 .     

PEMT2过表达增强大鼠肝癌细胞cAMP的表达

目的：在大鼠肝癌细胞株CBRH-7919中研究磷脂酰乙醇胺-N-甲基转移酶2（PEMT2）过表达对cAMP表达量的影响。方法：利用基因转染技术建立PEMT2过表达的大鼠肝癌细胞株,用免疫细胞化学法观察cAMP的表达情况,用[^3H]-cAMP掺入法测定cAMP的含量,用流式细胞术分析细胞周期的变化,并与原代培养大鼠肝细胞比较。结果：cAMP在原代培养的肝细胞中表达较高,在肝癌细胞中含量均较低,PEMT2高表达可明显提高肝癌细胞内cAMP的含量。结论：PEMT2表达抑制肝癌细胞的生长可能与cAMP介导的信号转导通路加强有关。     

Mmp2基因克隆及其对肝癌细胞的作用

克隆人基质金属蛋白酶-2基因(Mmp2)编码区并构建重组真核表达载体pEYFP-Mmp2,研究其在肝癌细胞中的作用。以肝癌细胞Hep G2的总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR获得cDNA,并通过PCR获得Mmp2基因编码区。经TA克隆和测序鉴定将无任何突变的Mmp2基因编码区插入到真核表达载体pEYFPN1中,构建p EYFP-Mmp2重组真核表达载体并进行酶切鉴定和测序鉴定。pEYFP-Mmp2稳定性转染肝癌细胞,经G418筛选获得Mmp2稳转单克隆细胞株,并用Western blotting分析鉴定。用实时无标记细胞增殖分析技术(RTCA)分析Mmp2基因对肝癌细胞生长增殖的作用,细胞划痕愈合实验分析Mmp2基因对肝癌细胞迁移的作用。结果证明成功构建重组真核表达载体pEYFP-Mmp2,Western Blotting证实稳转株中高表达外源融合蛋白MMP2-YFP。细胞增殖和迁移结果表明,Mmp2基因可以抑制肝癌细胞增殖但能够促进肝癌细胞迁移。以上研究表明,Mmp2基因能够促进肝癌细胞迁移。     

MAT2A基因小干扰RNA诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡的分子机制

为探讨甲硫氨酸腺苷转移酶2A(MAT2A)小干扰RNA对人肝癌细胞生长和细胞凋亡的影响及其机 制,采用脂质体转染法将MAT2A小干扰RNA质粒表达载体转染人肝癌细胞系Bel 7402细胞、HepG 2细胞和 HepG3B细胞.半定量RT PCR检测MAT2A mRNA表达,Western印迹检测MAT2A 蛋白质表达, M TT法观察MAT2A小干扰RNA对肝癌细胞生长的影响,流式细胞仪及DAPI染色检测siRNA对肝癌细 胞凋亡的影响.为探讨其作用机制, 进一步检测转染后肝癌细胞MAT的活性、MAT1A mRNA表 达及SAM、SAH含量.结果发现, MAT2A小干扰RNA特异性抑制人肝癌细胞MAT2A mRNA和蛋白质 的表达, 刺激MAT表达由MAT2A向MAT1A转变, 降低了肝癌细胞中MATⅡ活性（P<005） ,从而诱导肝癌细胞凋亡; MAT2A小干扰RNA诱导Bel－7402细胞、HepG 2细胞、 Hep 3B细胞凋亡 指数分别为19．3%±2．8%、22．8%±3．5%、21．8%±4．2%, 较对照组siRNA(凋亡指数为5 2%±19%)具有明显差异(P<005).DAPI染色显示, MAT2A小干扰RNA转染组可见多个细胞核 浓缩、碎裂成蓝色的小块状,染色质凝聚,形成典型的凋亡小体, 而对照siRNA转染组未发现典型的 凋亡小体.肝癌细胞的生长也受到抑制,MAT2A小干扰RNA转染Bel 7402细胞、HepG 2细胞 、HepG3B细胞72 h后,细胞生长抑制率达高峰,分别为39．62%、41．27%、38．84%.肝癌细胞 中SAM含量明显升高(P<001),而SAH含量改变不明显, SAM/SAH变化伴随SAM含量变化而改 变.提示靶向MAT2A基因的siRNA通过升高肝癌细胞中SAM含量,刺激MAT表达由MAT2A向MAT1A转变, 从而诱导肝癌细胞凋亡,抑制肝癌细胞生长.     

膜联蛋白A2对人肝癌细胞生物学行为的影响

为了研究膜联蛋白A2(ANXA2)基因表达水平与人肝癌细胞生物学行为之间的关系,采用已优化转染条件的磷酸钙法将针对ANXA2的siRNA重组质粒导入人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721并观察对靶基因表达及细胞生物学行为的影响。以半定量RT-PCR和Western blotting检测转染后不同时间(24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h)ANXA2 mRNA及蛋白表达变化;以MTT法、Hoechast33258染色及体外损伤修复实验等分析抑制ANXA2表达后对SMMC-7721细胞生物学行为的影响。结果显示:所设计的四条siRNA序列均不同程度抑制了ANXA2 的表达(p<0.05),且呈时间依赖性;细胞生长能力及运动能力被显著抑制(p<0.05),其抑制效应与ANXA2 表达敲低程度呈正相关。结论:ANXA2的高表达水平与肝癌细胞的凋亡、生长及运动能力密切相关,以RNAi方法抑制该基因的表达可以有效地抑制肝癌细胞的恶性生物学行为。上述结果为肝癌的实验性基因治疗研究提供了新的思路和对策。     

PEMT2过表达抑制大鼠肝癌细胞PI3K, Akt的表达(英)

为探讨磷脂酰乙醇胺-N-甲基转移酶2(PEMT2)过表达抑制大鼠肝癌细胞增殖的机制,构建了PEMT2高表达细胞克隆,并采用半定量RT-PCR、免疫细胞化学及流式细胞仪技术,研究了PEMT2过表达对PI3K/Akt信号转导途径的影响.实验结果显示,PEMT2过表达可抑制细胞PI3K和Akt的表达,并诱导细胞凋亡.这一结果提示,PI3K/Akt信号转导途径下调可能是PEMT2抑制肝癌细胞增殖的部分机制.     

怀化医学高等专科学校医学形态学实验中心

目的:探讨抑癌基因p16对肝癌细胞生长的抑制作用及其机制。方法:将p16 cDNA亚克隆至pcDNA3.1真核表达载体上,并经脂质体介导转染至人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721。用MTT法和Western blot分析转染细胞的生长情况。结果:成功构建重组表达质粒pcDNA3.1-p16,转染pcDNA3.1-p16的SMMC-7721细胞生长速度受到明显抑制;转染后有外源p16蛋白的表达,且伴随Bax上调,Bcl-2和cIAP2的下调。结论:重组pcDNA3.1-p16质粒能在人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721内表达,且能抑制SMMC-7721的生长,其机理与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡相关。     

抑癌基因p16对人肝癌细胞生长抑制的机制研究

目的：探讨抑癌基因p16对肝癌细胞生长的抑制作用及其机制。方法：将p16cDNA亚克隆至pcDNA3．1真核表达载体上,并经脂质体介导转染至人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721：用MTT法和Western blot分析转染细胞的生长情况。结果：成功构建重组表达质粒pcDNA3．1-p16,转染pcDNA3．1-p16的SMMC-7721细胞生长速度受到明显抑制;转染后有外源p16蛋白的表达,且伴随Bax上调,Bcl-2和cIAP2的下调。结论：重组pcDNA3．1-p16质粒能在人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721内表达,且能抑制SMMC-7721的生长,其机理与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡相关。     

Stereospecific 2'-amination and 2'-chlorination of adenosine by Actinomadura in the biosynthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-chloro-2'-deoxycoformycin

2'-Amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-chloro-2'-deoxycoformycin (2'-CldCF) are two nucleoside antibiotics produced by Actinomadura. The biosynthesis of these two nucleoside antibiotics has been studied by the addition of [U-14C]adenosine with or without unlabeled adenine to cultures of Actinomadura. By this experimental approach, it is possible to demonstrate that adenosine is the direct precursor for the biosynthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF. These conclusions are based on the observation that the percentage distribution of 14C in the aglyconic and pentofuranosyl moieties of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF were similar to the distribution of 14C in the adenine and ribosyl moieties of the [U-14C]adenosine (i.e., 48:52) added to cultures of Actinomadura. Experimentally, the percentage distribution of 14C in the (i) adenine:2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine is 51:49; (ii) 8-(R)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]-[1,3-diazepin-8-o1]:2 -chloro-2- beta-D-ribofuranose of 2'-CldCF is 45:55; and (iii) adenine:ribose of the adenosine isolated from the RNA of Actinomadura is 42:58. Further proof that adenosine is the direct precursor for the biosynthesis 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF was demonstrated by the addition of 75 mumol of unlabeled adenine together with [U-14C]adenosine to nucleoside-producing cultures of Actinomadura. The percentage distribution of 14C in the aglycon and the sugar moieties of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF were 46:54 and 47:53, respectively; the percentage distribution of 14C in the adenine and ribose moieties of the adenosine isolated from the RNA of Actinomadura was 51:49. These data show that the hydroxyl on C-2' of the ribosyl moiety of adenosine undergoes a replacement by a 2'-amino or a 2'-chloro group to form 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine or 2'-CldCF with retention of stereconfiguration at C-2'. Finally, Actinomadura can utilize inorganic chloride from the medium as demonstrated by the isolation of [36Cl]2'-CldCF following the addition of [36Cl]chloride to the culture medium. Mechanisms for the regioselective modification of the C-2' hydroxyl group and stereospecific insertion of the amino and chloro groups are discussed.     

Preparation of glycosides of 2-deoxy-2-methylamino-D-mannose, 2-deoxy-2-methylamino-D-glucose,and 2-deoxy-2-methylamino-D-galactose: observations on N-methylation of amides

Benzyl 2-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)methylamino]-2-deoxy-α-D-mannopyranoside (10) and its furanose isomer (9), the derived N-methyloxazolidinones 11 and 6, benzyl 2-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)methylamino]-2-deoxy-β-D-glucofuranoside (15) and methyl 2-deoxy-2-methylacetamido-β-D-galactofuranoside (20), were prepared from appropriate diethyl dithioacetals. They were considered the most suitable starting materials for synthesis of O-methyl-2-deoxy-2-methylamino-hexoses because of their ease of preparation and the presence of suitable blocking groups. Oxazolidinones were prepared from N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannose by using methanolic sodium methoxide. Their use in preparation of 2-deoxy-2-methyl-amino derivatives is discussed. The Kuhn reagent was used in these syntheses for N-methylating amides. However, certain amides containing comparatively bulky substituents in the vicinity of the NH group are resistant to methylation.     

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl oligonucleotides

We present procedures for nucleoside and oligonucleotide synthesis, binding affinity (Tm) and structural analysis (CD spectra) of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl oligothymidylates. Possible reasons for the thermal instability of duplexes formed between these compounds and RNA or DNA targets are discussed.     

Convenient synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2-fluoroadenosine from 2-fluoroadenine

A convenient synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2-fluoroadenosine from commercially available 2-fluoroadenine is described. The coupling reaction of silylated 2-fluoroadenine with phenyl 3,5-bis[O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)]-2-deoxy-1-thio-D-erythro-pentofuranoside gave the corresponding 2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine derivative (alpha/beta = 1:1) in good yield. The alpha- and beta-anomers were separated by chromatography, and then desilylated to give compounds 1a and 1b.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-Deoxy-d-ribose

An efficient method for the stereoselective synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-deoxy-d-ribose is described.

The key step in this method was accomplished by the nucleophilic addition of methyl isocyanoacetate to 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-glyceraldehyde with high erythro-selectivity (nearly 100%).

Subsequent intermolecular cyclization predominantly gave the desired oxazoline derivative (trans-form), in which two new chiral centers were formed. The oxazoline derivative was efficiently converted to both 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-deoxy-d-ribose.     

Stereospecific formation of alpha-hydroxycarboxylato oxo peroxo complexes of vanadium(V). Crystal structure of (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(L-lact)2] x 2H2O and (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(D-lact)(L-lact)] x 2H2O

An overview of structurally characterized alpha-hydroxycarboxylatodioxo- and alpha-hydroxycarboxylatooxoperoxovanadates(V) is presented and the geometric parameters of the V2O2 bridging core are discussed. The first case of a stereospecific formation of oxoperoxovanadates(V) is reported: The crystal structures of the isomeric compounds (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(L-lact)2] x 2H2O and (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(D-lact)(L-lact)] x 2H2O (lact = C3H4O3(2-), the anion of the lactic acid) differ mainly in the arrangement of the V2O2 core and in mutual orientation of the V=O bonds. The complexes with achiral ligands adopt the same structural type as the complexes formed from a racemic mixture of a chiral ligand, while the structure obtained using an enantiopure L,L-hydroxycarboxylate is different.     

Characterization of alpha 2 beta 2 and alpha 2 forms of kinesin

Bovine brain kinesin separates into two components on sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The predominant component is a heterotetramer of two 120 kDa alpha subunits and two 64 kDa beta subunits with an sedimentation coefficient of 9.6 S and a low Vm rate of microtubule-stimulated ATPase of 1.3 +/- 0.5 sec-1 at 25 degrees, pH 7.0. The minor element is a homodimer of two alpha subunits without beta subunits with a sedimentation coefficient of 6.9 S and a higher Vm rate of microtubule-stimulated ATPase of 7.0 +/- 1.9 sec-1. Microtubules stimulate the rate of release of ADP from the active site of the tetramer, but the rate of release is not fast enough to account for the rate of steady state ATP hydrolysis. Further complexity is indicated by biphasic release kinetics. In spite of the large difference in Vm ATPase rate for the two species, both drive the sliding of sea urchin axonemes over glass surfaces at the same velocity.