黑石顶自然保护区南亚热带常绿阔叶林的凋落物

分析了黑石顶自然保护区南亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物的季节变化及１８种常见种的落叶规律．结果表明凋落物有明显的季节变化,４ａ平均凋落量为４．６３０ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１．凋落物具体峰值出现的时期有一定程度的年际变化,雨季的４～９月和旱季的１０～３月各有一个高峰期．植物的落叶习性是适应外界环境变化的反映,根据不同种凋落叶高峰出现的时期可将植物分为３种不同类型．     

黑石顶自然保护我南亚热带常绿阔叶林的凋落物

分析了黑石顶自然保护区南亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物的季节变化及１８种常见种的落叶规律。结果表明凋落物有明显的季节变化,４ａ平均凋落量为４．６３０ｔ．ｈｍ＾－２;．ａ＾－１。     

宝天曼自然保护区栓皮栎林生物量和净生产力研究

对河南内乡宝天曼自然保护区４５年生天然次生栓皮栎林的生物量和净生产力的研究表明,栓皮栎林生物量为１６７．６４１７ｔ·ｈｍ－２,其中乔木层为１５８．８３８２ｔ·ｈｍ－２,占总量的９４．７５％;该林净生产力为８．４８８０ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,其中乔木层为７．９２５４ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,生物量平均相对生长速率为０．０４１．灌木层的生物量和净生产力分别为０．０６９４和０．０４５６ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１;而草本层的分别为０．１０４１和０．０９０８ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１．凋落物现存量为８．６３ｔ·ｈｍ－２,凋落物量为５．０３９５ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,分别占总量的５．１５％及５９．３７％．净生产量与叶面积指数、叶量成正比关系,而与叶效率呈负相关关系．     

西双版纳季节雨林与橡胶多层林凋落物动态的比较研究

本语文对西双版纳季节雨林及橡胶多层林的凋落物量动态、各组分的季节变化规律、林地残留物现存量及其分解进行了研究,分析比较了两个种群落的凋落节律,结果显示,“双凋落峰”及“叶分解速率较枝分解更快”为两类群落的共有特征;森林凋落物量及凋落物分解速率则因群落类型而异,橡胶多层林年凋落物总量为９．８５±０．７８ｔ·ｈｍ＾－２·ａ＾－１,大于季节雨林的年凋落物总量８．４２±０．１６ｔ·ｈｍ＾－２·ａ＾－１。     

昆明北郊水源保护区圣诞树人工林分生物量及生产力的研究

昆明北郊松华坝水源保护区１０年生圣诞树人工林分生物量为１３７．９２６ｔ／ｈｍ２,净生产量为２４．１２８ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ,其中乔木层生物量为１３０．４１８ｔ／ｈｍ２,净生产量为１９．３６９ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ,下木和草本植物生物量和净生产量分别为０．９３５ｔ／ｈｍ２和０．６０９ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ,枯枝落叶层现存量和林分凋落物量分别为６．５７３ｔ／ｈｍ２和４．１５０ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ。在林分产量结构方面,１０ｍ以下树干生物量占其总量的９８．３７％,４～１２ｍ之间枝、叶生物量分别占整个枝、叶生物量的８５．５１％和９４．９０％,地下根系在离地面２０ｃｍ深土层内的生物量占总根量的７３．０４％。目前,该类林分群落结构不合理,整体效应较差,保持水土作用未能充分发挥出来。应及时进行间伐,调整群落产量结构;注重对林下地被植物及枯枝落叶层的保护,以提高其综合效益。     

武夷山甜槠林细根生物量和生长量研究

对武夷山甜槠林细根生物量和生长量的季节动态及其在不同群落发育阶段下的变化进行了初步研究,并对细根在养分归还中的作用进行了分析．结果表明,甜槠成熟林细根生物量为１０．６４５ｔ·ｈｍ－２,生长量为７．３７１５ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,分解量为４．６７７５ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,年周转率０．６９次;细根生物量和生长量随林龄增长的变化模式为单峰型曲线,生物量至３４龄时达到最大值,生长量至群落郁闭阶段（５８龄）达到最大值;甜槠成熟林中,通过细根死亡的Ｎ素归还量占群落年归还总量的４９．５％,多于凋落物途径,Ｐ、Ｍｇ归还量所占比例为４２．３％和２８．９％,略低于凋落物途径;Ｋ、Ｃａ归还以降水淋溶为主,其次是凋落物途径,而细根途径仅占总归还量的１９．３％和９．２％．     

哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林凋落物和粗死木质物的初步研究

中山湿性常绿阔叶林是我国山地常绿阔叶林中一个重要而特殊的类型。云南哀牢山原生中生湿性常绿阔叶林的小凋落物量（叶、直径＜ ２．５ ｃｍ 枝、花果和杂物）为（６．７７±１．４３）ｔ／（ｈｍ ２·ａ）,大枯枝（直径≥２．５ ｃｍ ）凋落量为（０．４５±０．１８） ｔ／（ｈｍ ２·ａ）,凋落高峰发生在干季末期４～５ 月和初冬时１０～１１ 月。由倒木、枯立木和大枯枝等组成的粗死木质物在该类森林中的现存量达９８．４６ ｔ／ｈｍ ２,其中倒木占其总量的８５．８％ ,且它们在林内分布不均匀,增加了森林生态系统结构和生境的多样性。粗死木质物是森林中重要的养分库,其中的Ｃ、Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ａｌ和Ｆｅ元素的总贮量达到４８６９９ ｔ／ｈｍ ２,每年通过凋落物方式积累于林地表的养分元素只占其总量的７．７７％     

尖峰岭热带山地雨林C素库及皆伐影响的初步研究

对海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林原始林和更新林的Ｃ素库以及皆伐对森林Ｃ素库影响的研究表明,尖峰岭热带山地雨林原始林的Ｃ素库总量为３４０．４６７ｔ．ｈｍ＾－２,其中植物Ｃ储量为２３２．７９１ｔ．ｈｍ＾－２土壤有机碳储量为１０４．６９６ｔ．ｈｍ＾－２,枯枝落叶层Ｃ储量为２．９８ｔ．ｈｍ＾－２,更新林的Ｃ素库总量为２５８．９６６ｔ．ｈｍ＾－２其中植物Ｃ储量为１５０．２０３ｔ．ｈｍ＾－２,土壤有机Ｃ储量为１０５     

鼎湖山秀风常绿阔叶林凋落物层化学性质的研究

研究鼎湖山自然保护区内秀风常绿阔叶林林下凋涂物层现存量及其化学性质,研究结果表明：１）林下凋落物现存量与年凋落物总量相当,分别为８．７４和．８４（７￣１１）ｔ·ｈｍ＾－２,系统养分循环速率参数为０．９９,循环费品率强烈,说明枯枝落叶分解快,养分周转快;２）营养元素在凋落物层中的含量分布格局为：Ｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ元素未分解层（Ｌ层）〉半分解层（Ｆ层）〉已分解层（Ｙ层）,Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｆｅ则是Ｙ层〉Ｆ层〉     

青冈常绿阔叶林的碳素动态

报道了浙江建德青冈林碳素的含量、现存量、存留量、归还量、释放量以及在生态系统中的动态过程。结果表明：植物群落中碳素含量的变化幅度不大,一般在１０％以下。其中,叶片（器官比较）、乔木层（层次比较）和春夏季（季节比较）的含量稍高,根系、草本层、秋冬季的含量稍低。群落的碳素现存量为６６．１１３ｔ／ｈｍ２,主要集中在乔木层或常绿树种内;群落的碳素存留量为５．６９１ｔ／ｍ２·ａ;每年通过凋落物归还至地表的量为２．２９６ｔ／ｍ２·ａ;死地被物中又有０．９１１ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ的碳素释放至大气库中。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.