薰衣草精油和芦荟对痤疮面部主要菌群的影响

目的 体外观察薰衣草精油和芦荟水提物对痤疮患者面部痤疮丙酸杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌的作用,为改善面部痤疮治疗提供理论依据.方法 采用连续梯度稀释法稀释薰衣草精油及芦荟水提物,纸片法观察不同浓度的精油和芦荟水提物对面部正常菌群表皮葡萄球菌和痤疮主要致病菌痤疮丙酸杆菌的作用;通过抑菌环的大小反应抑菌作用强弱,测定生长曲线以观察对细菌生长繁殖的影响.结果 薰衣草精油对痤疮丙酸杆菌的抑菌作用明显强于表皮葡萄球菌(P＜0.05);两种芦荟(库拉索芦荟和木立芦荟)对痤疮丙酸杆菌均无抑菌作用(P＞0.05);库拉索芦荟对表皮葡萄球菌有微弱的抑制作用(P＜0.05);木立芦荟对表皮葡萄球菌生长有促进作用.结论 薰衣草精油和芦荟水提物对痤疮患者面部主要细菌表皮葡萄球菌和痤疮丙酸杆菌的作用效果不同,薰衣草精油和木立芦荟水提物联合应用有可能通过调整面部微生态平衡从而改善痤疮症状.     

西藏灵菇酸奶对寻常性痤疮的治疗作用观察

寻常性痤疮是青少年最常见的几种疾病之一,在某种程度上影响面部的美观,使许多人为之苦恼。有资料证实,皮肤表面栖居着一定数量的微生物群,有细菌20多种;真菌7、8种;还有一定数量的病毒和原虫等。面部皮肤优势菌群主要有表皮葡萄球菌、棒状杆菌和丙酸杆菌,这些常驻菌形成了和谐的微生态系。这些细菌受面部皮脂腺分泌、pH值以及外环境的影响,可发生演替。该文用微生态理论做指导,以调整面部菌群失调达到对寻常性痤疮的治疗,收到一定的效果。现报道如下。     

鱼油对断奶大鼠脏器指数及肠道菌群影响的研究

目的探讨鱼油对断奶大鼠脏器指数及肠道菌群的影响。方法选取（21±3）d日龄断奶SD大鼠96只,雌雄各半,随机分为2组,实验组饲喂添加0．5％鱼油的饲料,对照组饲喂正常饲料。分别于第7、14、21、28天处死各组大鼠12只,分别测定大鼠肝脏指数、胸腺指数及脾脏指数;应用梯度稀释法和培养法测定大鼠4种肠道正常菌群,即肠杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、葡萄球菌。结果实验组第7天脾脏指数与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,第28天肝脏指数和胸腺指数与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;实验组第7、14和21天肠道内肠杆菌数量与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,第7天大鼠肠道内葡萄球菌数量与对照组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,第14天大鼠肠道内葡萄球菌数量与对照组相比差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）,实验组大鼠肠道内乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量与对照组相比虽有所增高,但差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论鱼油可以明显提高断奶大鼠的脏器指数,并且可通过增加断奶大鼠肠道内双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量,降低肠道内肠杆菌和葡萄球菌数量,进而调节断奶大鼠的肠内菌群,改善肠道内环境。     

青少年痤疮面部皮肤微生物群落结构变化

【背景】青少年痤疮是一种最常见的慢性炎症性损容性皮肤病,与痤疮丙酸杆菌的异常增殖有关。【目的】探究痤疮皮损区与附近无明显皮损区微生物组成与健康对照的差异,为从微生态角度防治痤疮提供理论基础。【方法】利用细菌16S rRNA基因V1-V2区和真菌TIS1高通量测序技术分析北京地区16岁青少年面部痤疮皮肤细菌和真菌群落结构,将痤疮皮损区与附近无明显皮损区微生物组成与健康组进行比较,寻找差异菌群。【结果】痤疮患者面部皮损区与附近无明显皮损区细菌多样性(Shannon指数)较健康对照组显著性降低(P0.001),主要与丙酸杆菌(痤疮丙酸杆菌)和葡萄球菌(表皮葡萄球菌PM221)显著性上升相关,而痤疮皮损区与附近未明显皮损区细菌组成无显著性差异。痤疮患者皮损区与附近无明显皮损区较健康对照组真菌丰富度(Chao1指数)显著性上升(P0.05),与限制性马拉色菌的显著上升相关。【结论】面部皮肤微生物变化与青少年痤疮的发生相关。本研究为从微生物角度防治痤疮提供理论依据。     

慢性前列腺炎患者病原学必药敏试验的研究

对３００例慢性前列腺炎患者以无菌手续取得前列腺液进行需氧菌及厌氧菌培养和药敏试验,结果证明慢性前列腺炎为混合感染,其中,需氧菌主要为表皮葡萄球菌（１２０株占４０％）,其次是棒状杆菌（５２株占１７．３３％）。厌氧培养主要是痤疮丙酸杆菌（８８株占２９．３３％）。消化链球菌（７０侏占２３．３３％）,表皮葡萄球菌（５５株占１８．３３％）。因而兼性厌氧菌是该病主要的病原菌。药敏试验证明：使用时间长、频繁的抗     

黄瓜香等山野菜对糖尿病大鼠脂质代谢及肠道正常菌群的影响

目的观察黄瓜香等对糖尿病大鼠脂质代谢的影响,并进一步探讨其调脂机制。方法选取糖尿病大鼠灌胃给予黄瓜香提取液120mg/（kg.d）,共8周,检测其空腹血脂变化,及其肠道菌群变化。结果（1）经黄瓜香提取物治疗后,治疗组较糖尿病组,甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白和胆固醇明显降低（P〈0.01）;（2）糖尿病组肠道菌群较正常组有明显变化（P〈0.01）,尤其双歧杆菌、乳杆菌等明显减少,而治疗后肠道菌群得到调整。结论黄瓜香提取物可能通过扶植肠道菌群生长繁殖,对脂质代谢发挥作用,从而达到其调脂目的。     

不同气候条件下慢性阻塞性肺疾病的病原学和免疫学研究

目的：探讨COPD患者不同气候条件下（雷暴、阴雨、台风）的病原学和免疫功能。方法：细菌鉴定采用VITEK全自动微生物鉴定系统。K．B纸片扩散法测定药敏。T淋巴细胞亚群测定采用单克隆抗体免疫组化荧光染色法。血清免疫球蛋白（IgG,IgA,IgM）用琼脂单向扩散法。结果：台风、雷暴、阴雨、天气气候条件60例患者痰培养阳性率分别为45％、40％、30％,占革兰阴性菌前2位分别为肺炎克雷伯杆菌、流感嗜血杆菌和肺炎克雷伯杆菌、大肠埃希杆菌及流感嗜血杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌。革兰阳性菌中分别以肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为主及肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为主和金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌为主。铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、流感嗜血杆菌对常用抗生素具有较高的耐药性。台风、雷暴、阴雨气候条件下3组AECOPD患者CD3＋ CD4＋、CD4＋／CD8＋、IgG、IgA、IgM均明显低于健康对照组（P〈0．05）,CD8＋高于健康对照组（P〈0．05）,而发作期和缓解期无显著差异（P〉0．05）。三种气候条件下相互之间比较的细胞和体液免疫指标比较无显著差剐（P〉0．05）。结论：雷暴、阴雨、台风条件下AECOPD的患者存在病原学分布差异,对常用抗生素具有较高的耐药性,细胞和体液免疫功能进一步下降。但三者相互之间的免疫功能比较无明显差异。     

葡萄球菌自身菌苗治疗感染性痤疮疗效观察

痤疮是发生于毛囊皮脂腺的慢性炎症性疾病，当继发细菌感染，出现脓疱红肿、疼痛明显，严重易形成萎缩性或增生性瘢痕，具有损容性。有研究表明在感染性痤疮的皮损中，金黄色葡萄球菌为主要菌种，还可以分离到表皮葡萄球菌、腐生葡萄球菌等，金黄色葡萄球菌为主要病原菌，而痤疮丙酸杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌为皮肤的常住菌，为条件致病菌。     

双歧三联活菌胶囊对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者肠道菌群的影响及疗效观察

目的探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊对腹泻型肠易激综合征（IBS—D）患者肠道菌群的影响及疗效观察。方法将IBS—D患者70例随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患者均予以凋整饮食、胃肠解痉药和止泻药等常规治疗。观察组患者予以口服双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊420mg,3次／d．温开水送服,连用4周。观察两组患者治疗前后肠道菌群的变化,并比较其临床疗效。结果治疗4周后,观察组患者双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量较前增加,肠杆菌、肠球菌、酵母菌数量较前减少（P〈0．05）,但对照组治疗前后无明显变化（P〉0．05）;同时观察组患者临床总有效率（94．29％）明显优于对照组（74．29％）（χ2=5．29,P〈0．05）。结论双歧二三联活菌胶囊治疗IBS—D疗效较好,作用于其能调节患者肠道菌群紊乱,重建肠道微生态平衡密切相关。     

乳杆菌代谢物脂肪酸组分对白假丝酵母菌的抑制及临床疗效观察

目的观察乳杆菌DM9811代谢物中脂肪酸组分（以下称抑菌液）在体内外对白假丝酵母菌的抑制效果,探索外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病（VVC）的安全、有效、无副作用的生态制剂疗法。方法不同浓度抑菌液对白假丝酵母菌的作用及作用不同时间的抑菌效果;对2003年9月～2004年1月57例VVC患者分别给予抑菌液（试验组）及达克宁栓（对照组）进行治疗,并做相关细菌培养及疗效判定。结果（1）体外试验中抑菌液对白假丝酵母菌的抑制作用随着浓度的降低而降低;在1：2浓度（乙酸含量0．8mg／ml）抑制作用随着时闻的延长而增强,12h达100％;对乳杆菌无抑制作用。（2）体内试验中抑菌液使阴道白假丝酵母菌数量明显减少（P〈0．05）,使阴道pH明显降低（P〈0．05）,阴道内乳杆菌数量差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;达克宁栓使阴道内白假丝酵母菌数量明显减少,乳酸杆菌数量明显下降（P〈0．05）,而阴道pH无变化。（3）2组1疗程治愈率及1个月复查治愈率均差异无显著性。（4）副反应：两者比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论抑菌液在体内外对白假丝酵母茵均有明显的抑杀作用;降低阴道pH;对阴道乳杆菌数量无影响;无副作用;可用于VVC的治疗。     

中药面膜联合红蓝光治疗寻常痤疮疗效观察

目的：观察中药面膜联合红蓝光治疗仪治疗寻常痤疮临床疗效及安全性。方法：66例寻常痤疮患者按就诊先后顺序随机分为3组：对照组、面膜组、联合组,治疗4周后进行疗效评估,治疗结束后4周随访复发情况。结果：联合组及面膜组疗效高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：中药面膜联合红蓝光治疗仪治疗寻常痤疮疗效好,不良反应少,优于单用疗法,痤疮后期维持治疗同样值得重视。     

The aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of pustular acne lesions

Specimens from 32 pustular acne lesions that were inoculated on media supportive for the growth of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria showed bacterial growth. Only aerobic or facultative bacteria were recovered in 15 (47%) specimens, only anaerobic bacteria in 11 (34%) specimens, and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 6 (18%) specimens. A total of 57 isolates, 31 anaerobes (1.0 per specimen) and 26 aerobes (0.8 per specimen) were recovered. The predominant isolates were Staphylococcus sp. (19 isolates), Peptostreptococcus sp. (15), and Propionibacterium sp. (10). Twelve (37.5%) of the comedones yielded only one organism. This retrospective study highlighted the polymicrobial nature of over two-thirds of culture positive pustular acne lesions and suggests the potential for pathogenic role of aerobic and anaerobic organisms other than P. acnes and Staphylococcus sp. in acne vulgaris.     

Inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes lipase activity by the antifungal agent ketoconazole

The common skin disease acne vulgaris is caused by Propionibacterium acnes. A lipase secreted by this microorganism metabolizes sebum and the resulting metabolites evoke inflammation in human skin. The antifungal drug ketoconazole inhibits P. acnes lipase activity. We previously showed that the drug also inhibits the growth of P. acnes. Thus, ketoconazole may serve as an alternative treatment for acne vulgaris, which is important because the number of antibiotic‐resistant P. acnes strains has been increasing.     

Characteristics of the Propionibacterium strains isolated from acne patients

Propionibacterium acnes is a component of physiological flora of human skin. It colonizes the outlets of sebaceous glands and participates in the pathogenesis of inflammatory acne. Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease. It is found in more or less exacerbated form in approximately 85% of adolescent population. The main purpose of the research was to confirm the hypothesis of Propionibacterium bacteria participation in the aetiopathogenesis of acne vulgaris. The researches have proved the presence of Propionibacterium acnes on the surface of the skin both of people with acne-related changes and these with whom such changes were not found. Statistically significant differences were found in the number of P. acnes bacteria per 1 square centimeter of healthy and disease-affected skin as well as in the diversity of biochemical types. The highest number of P. acnes bacteria have been found in fresh changes with visible symptoms of inflammation. In order to confirm the hypothesis of the participation of Propionibacterium bacteria in the aetiopathogenesis of acne, a detailed phenotypical analysis of isolated P. acnes strains have been conducted. Type, biotype, resistance pattern, proteolytic and lipolytic properties have been determined.     

Draft genome sequence of an antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acnes strain, PRP-38, from the novel type IC cluster

Propionibacterium acnes, a non-spore-forming, anaerobic gram-positive bacterium, is most notably recognized for its association with acne vulgaris (I. Kurokawa et al., Exp. Dermatol. 18:821-832, 2009). We now present the draft genome sequence of an antibiotic-resistant P. acnes strain, PRP-38, isolated from an acne patient in the United Kingdom and belonging to the novel type IC cluster.     

Cathelicidin-BF, a snake cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, could be an excellent therapeutic agent for acne vulgaris

Cathelicidins are a family of antimicrobial peptides acting as multifunctional effector molecules in innate immunity. Cathelicidin-BF has been purified from the snake venoms of Bungarus fasciatus and it is the first identified cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide in reptiles. In this study, cathelicidin-BF was found exerting strong antibacterial activities against Propionibacterium acnes. Its minimal inhibitory concentration against two strains of P. acnes was 4.7 μg/ml. Cathelicidin-BF also effectively killed other microorganisms including Staphylococcus epidermidis, which was possible pathogen for acne vulgaris. Cathelicidin-BF significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory factors secretion in human monocytic cells and P. acnes-induced O2.- production of human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Observed by scanning electron microscopy, the surfaces of the treated pathogens underwent obvious morphological changes compared with the untreated controls, suggesting that this antimicrobial peptide exerts its action by disrupting membranes of microorganisms. The efficacy of cathelicidin-BF gel topical administering was evaluated in experimental mice skin colonization model. In vivo anti-inflammatory effects of cathelicidin-BF were confirmed by relieving P. acnes-induced mice ear swelling and granulomatous inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects combined with potent antimicrobial activities and O2.- production inhibition activities of cathelicidin-BF indicate its potential as a novel therapeutic option for acne vulgaris.     

Propionibacterium acnes

Propionibacterium acnes, a common skin organism, is most notably recognized for its role in acne vulgaris. It also causes postoperative and device-related infections and has been associated with a number of other conditions such as sarcoidosis and synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO), although its precise role as a causative agent remains to be determined. Propionibacterium acnes produces a number of virulence factors and is well known for its inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Recent publication of the P. acnes genome should provide further insights into the pathogenic capabilities of the organism and potentially lead to the development of new therapies.     

益坤宁对围绝经期大鼠下丘脑雌激素受体表达的影响

目的检测益坤宁对围绝经期大鼠下丘脑雌激素受体（estrogen receptor,ER）表达的影响,探讨益坤宁治疗围绝经期综合征的作用机制。方法采用自然衰老的围绝经期大鼠,随机分为围绝经期对照组、西药对照组和中药实验组;另取5月龄青年雌性大鼠做青年对照组。各组大鼠分别连续灌胃给予生理盐水、利维爱、中药益坤宁和生理盐水4周。通过免疫组化观察大鼠下丘脑ER蛋白的表达部位;Western blot定量检测大鼠下丘脑ERα和ERβ蛋白表达。结果ERα、ERβ蛋白主要表达于细胞胞质中。围绝经期对照组与青年组相比,ERa、E邓蛋白表达量明显下降（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;中药实验组与围绝经期对照组比较,ERα、ERB蛋白表达量均明显增多（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;西药对照组与围绝经期对照组相比,ERα、ERβ蛋白表达量增多（P〈0．05）。结论益坤宁通过提高围绝经期大鼠下丘脑组织中ERα、ERβ蛋白表达水平,使ER的合成增加,从而提高雌激素靶组织中ER的含量以增强雌激素的生物活性而发挥治疗作用。     

1168例医院感染患者病原菌的调查及其影响因素的探讨

医院感染发病率较高且易于引起医患纠纷。为了解影响医院感染的主要因素及其主要病原体,对陕西省宝鸡市第二人民医院2002—2007年1168例医院感染患者进行了病原菌分离、鉴定及分析,同时对患者基础疾病及感染部位与医院感染的关系进行了探讨。实验结果表明,在临床各科室中,ICU患者医院感染比例（40．6％）最高（P〈0．01）,其次为烧伤科（13．3％）、泌尿外科（10．6％）和血液科患者（8．2％）（P〈0．05）。下呼吸道是最为常见的感染部位（33．9％,P〈0．01）,其次为泌尿道、胃肠道、手术切口、烧伤创面和血液（10．3％～14．7％,P〈0．05）。1168例医院感染患者标本中,病原菌总阳性率为67．3％（786／1168）。786株病原菌中,革兰阴性菌所占58．7％、革兰阳性菌占26．4％、真菌占14．9％。所分离的革兰阴性菌中,以铜绿假单胞菌（16．9％）、克雷伯菌（15．2％）和大肠埃希菌（11．7％）最为常见。所分离的革兰阳性菌中,以金黄色葡萄球菌（9．3％）和表皮葡萄球菌（7．2％）最为常见。