肿瘤核仁形成区形态定量诊断的误差及规范化分析

本文采用包括自动图象分析技术在内的ＡｇＮＯＲ形态定量学方法,以大肠肿瘤为模型,进行了ＡｇＮＯＲ定量形态学研究的误差分析,以探讨肿瘤ＡｇＮＯＲ定量诊断规范化的可能。结果表明,染色条件、视场目标选择和细胞计数量是引起ＡｇＮＯＲ定量诊断的主要误差;恒定染色环境,正确选择欲测细胞及测定足够量的细胞是使ＡｇＮＯＲ形态定量诊断规范化的途径。     

人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型的建立及生物学特性研究

目的-建立人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞株裸小鼠模型,研究其生物学特性,观察MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞在移植前后的形态学变化。方法-将人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231接种于裸鼠腋窝处皮下,每3天测量肿瘤大小,第30天处死小鼠。肿瘤组织及相关脏器送病理切片。皮下肿瘤组织细胞及细胞株培养HE染色。结果-肿瘤生长较快,成功率为72%,病理检查符合人乳腺癌细胞特征。肿瘤组织细胞及培养细胞形态学未见显著差异。结论-人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231裸小鼠模型建立方法较简便,细胞形态无明显差异,且保持了人乳腺癌的生物学特性。     

长链非编码RNA在血液系统肿瘤中作用的研究进展

随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展,人们对于长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)的研究越来越深入。lncRNA不仅在生物体正常生物活动中不可或缺,还在许多疾病尤其是肿瘤中扮演重要角色。已有的研究表明多种lncRNA与血液系统肿瘤密切相关,具有影响抑癌基因p15表达、p53蛋白功能,以及与miRNA相互作用参与疾病等功能。本文综述了血液系统肿瘤相关的lncRNA并着重介绍与p15、p53、miRNA有关的lncRNA以及它们的相互作用在疾病中发挥的功能,以期能够全面了解血液系统肿瘤相关lncRNA的作用特点,为血液系统肿瘤的研究、诊断以及治疗提供新的思路。     

血液系统恶性疾病中巨噬细胞的研究进展

巨噬细胞是微环境中重要成员,其表型、功能具有很强的异质性;近年的研究不仅揭示了稳态条件下不同亚群的形态、表型及功能特点,而且逐步阐明疾病状态下巨噬细胞的变化及作用机制.肿瘤微环境中的巨噬细胞称为肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(T A M s),参与肿瘤增殖、血管生成、浸润、转移及化疗抵抗.在血液系统恶性疾病中,巨噬细胞广泛浸润到淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤、白血病等恶性细胞累及的组织中,被恶性微环境异常活化,获得了特异的活化表型,并参与疾病进展.在淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤中习惯沿用T A M s的名称;在白血病中其名称引申为白血病相关巨噬细胞、急性白血病相关巨噬细胞或者"保姆样细胞".本文综述了血液系统恶性疾病中巨噬细胞的研究进展.     

免疫组织化学在淋巴组织疾病诊断中的应用与结果评价

目的提高对合理应用免疫组化标记及正确评价免疫组化结果重要性的认识。方法回顾性分析3例淋巴组织疾病的临床资料,进行组织形态学观察并增加相关抗体标记予以鉴别诊断。结果例l为弥漫大B细胞性淋巴瘤,梭形细胞变异型,误诊为未分化肉瘤与形态学观察遗漏中心和中心母细胞特征的淋巴样细胞,没考虑到淋巴瘤的梭形细胞形态变异以及免疫标记的选择失误有关。例2为急性淋巴结T区增生误诊为T细胞淋巴瘤与忽略患者临床信息及对免疫组化阳性细胞量变及强弱评价有误相关。例3为经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤误诊为间变性大细胞淋巴瘤与对霍奇金淋巴瘤组织形态认识不足及淋巴瘤标记抗体的配伍不当有关。结论淋巴组织疾病的诊断建立在形态学、免疫组化、临床资料和遗传学基础上,免疫组化标记的选择与结果的正确分析对淋巴瘤确诊至关重要。     

以地戈辛标记反义RNA为探针的组织原位杂交

原位分子杂交是在液相和固相分子杂交基础上发展起来的,从染色体、细胞或整体水平在原位研究特异核酸的分布、数量、表达形态及其同细胞的分化、生理或病理状态、形态特征演化之间关系的分子生物学技术。随着技术的发展,原位杂交不仅被用来研究特定DNA、RNA的细胞内的分布,而且被用来探索被检mRNA相关基因的表达。可以说,原位杂交技术在分子生物学与形态学研究之间架起了一座桥梁。     

靶向CD123抗原嵌合受体T细胞治疗急性髓系白血病的研究

急性髓系白血病(AML)是一种预后较差的血液系统恶性肿瘤,迫切需要新的治疗手段。随着嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T细胞(CAR-T)技术的发展并在B细胞肿瘤中取得显著疗效,人们把目光投入更多的实体瘤与血液肿瘤靶点中。CD123分子是CAR-T治疗AML的潜在靶点,抗CD123 CAR-T具有靶向清除白血病干细胞(LSCs)及原始细胞的能力。本研究总结了目前在靶向CD123 CAR-T治疗急性髓系白血病目前的研究进展。     

波形蛋白的结构、功能和与肿瘤的关系

波形蛋白是真核细胞骨架系统的组成成分之一,除了对细胞的黏附、迁移、增殖、凋亡等生理功能起重要作用,同时也与间充质细胞来源的肿瘤分化、转移和增殖以及肿瘤微环境有着密切的关系.文章结合近期有关波形蛋白的研究,综述了波形蛋白结构形态、细胞生物学功能上最新的研究进展以及波形蛋白在肿瘤研究中的相关进展.     

外周血循环RNA、微小RNA与肿瘤诊断*

循环核酸(circulating nucleic acid, CNA)是指存在于血液(血清或血浆)等体液中的细胞外游离DNA和RNA,与生理和病理状态下的细胞代谢密切相关,循环DNA和RNA水平的检测及其在基因诊断等方面的应用对于恶性肿瘤等疾病的诊断和监测具有十分重要的意义。近期人们在进行循环DNA、RNA分子检测的同时,在循环微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)方面也做了许多的工作,研究结果使得与肿瘤相关的核酸分子检测这一领域变的更加让人振奋。在血液中检出肿瘤特异性的miRNA并将其作为肿瘤的生物学标志对于早期诊断肿瘤具有至关重要的意义。     

血液系统肿瘤性疾病的骨髓微环境

既往研究表明,造血细胞的细胞遗传学、分子遗传学或表观遗传学异常导致血液系统恶性肿瘤发生.然而,近期的研究表明骨髓微环境在血液系统肿瘤性疾病的发生、疾病进展和对化疗药物耐受中发挥着重要的作用.该文总结了稳态条件下骨髓微环境的组成以及对正常造血的调控,异常的骨髓微环境如何驱动血液系统肿瘤性疾病发生,以及血液系统肿瘤性疾病如...     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various