重金属镉通过DNA氧化损伤途径诱导细胞中心体扩增

目的:研究氯化镉(CdCl_2)对细胞中心体扩增的影响,及活性氧(ROS)和DNA损伤在CdCl_2诱导细胞中心体扩增中的作用。方法:用不同浓度(0、10、20、40μmol/L)CdCl_2处理HCT116细胞48 h,MTT法检测细胞活性;用低浓度无毒性的CdCl_2处理细胞48 h,免疫荧光实验观察细胞内中心体的扩增;用CdCl_2(20μmol/L)、CdCl_2+N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)处理细胞2 h,活性氧检测试剂盒检测细胞内ROS水平的变化;用CdCl_2(20μmol/L)、CdCl_2+NAC处理细胞6 h,彗星电泳试剂盒检测细胞内DNA损伤水平的变化;用CdCl_2(20μmol/L)、CdCl_2+NAC处理细胞48 h,免疫荧光观察细胞内中心体的扩增。结果:20μmol/L或以下CdCl_2处理细胞48 h不影响细胞活性;CdCl_2 20μmol/L或以下无毒性剂量CdCl_2诱导细胞中心体发生扩增(P0.01),并呈剂量依赖效应;在20μmol/L CdCl_2处理下,细胞内ROS和DNA损伤水平均明显升高(P0.01),当有抗氧化剂NAC存在时,细胞内升高的ROS和DNA损伤水平均被明显抑制(P0.01);抗氧化剂NAC对CdCl_2诱导的中心体扩增也有明显的抑制效果(P0.01)。结论:氯化镉通过DNA氧化损伤途径诱导细胞中心体扩增。     

半边旗二萜类成分PAG通过ROS诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的作用研究

探讨半边旗二萜类成分Pteisolic acid G(PAG)对人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖和凋亡的影响及作用机制。用不同浓度的PAG处理HepG2细胞后,采用MTT法检测细胞存活率;采用PI单染法检测细胞周期分布;采用Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡率;采用RT-PCR和Western Blotting检测细胞内mRNA和蛋白表达情况;采用DCFH-DA法检测细胞内ROS水平,采用ROS抑制剂乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)评价PAG细胞增殖抑制作用对ROS的依赖性。结果表明,在24 h、48 h和72 h时,PAG可剂量依赖性地抑制HepG2细胞的增殖(p0.05),IC_(50)分别为64.8μmol/L,38.5μmol/L和24.8μmol/L;用药24 h时PAG可剂量依赖性地使HepG2细胞阻滞在G_2/M期,同时增加HepG2细胞凋亡率(p0.05);PAG可剂量依赖性地降低HepG2细胞内Bcl-2 mRNA和caspase 3、PARP、Bcl-2蛋白的表达(p0.05),增加Bax mRNA和actived-caspase 3、cleaved-PARP、Bax蛋白的表达(p0.05)。当使用1 mmol/L的ROS抑制剂NAC预处理HepG2细胞时,PAG对HepG2细胞增殖抑制作用被显著阻断。上述结果表明,半边旗二萜类成分PAG可提高Bax/Bcl-2的基因和蛋白表达比值,从而诱导肝癌细胞HepG2凋亡,该作用可能是通过升高细胞内ROS水平来实现的。     

镉胁迫对猪肾PK-15细胞活性氧和抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的:探明氯化镉(Cd Cl_2)对猪肾PK-15细胞活性氧(ROS)生成和抗氧化酶活的影响。方法:用不同浓度Cd Cl_2(2、4、6、8μmol/L)处理PK-15细胞24 h,观察细胞的形态学变化,并用MTT法检测细胞活性;用不同浓度Cd Cl_2或不同浓度Cd Cl_2+NAC(500μmol/L)处理PK-15细胞24 h,观察对细胞形态和活性氧(ROS)生成的影响;收集不同浓度Cd Cl_2处理24 h的细胞,用试剂盒检测总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,以及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量变化。结果:Cd Cl_2处理PK-15细胞24 h,与对照组相比,细胞活性显著降低且呈剂量-效应关系(P0.05,P0.01);随着Cd Cl_2浓度的升高,细胞逐渐皱缩、变圆,ROS荧光强度逐渐升高;Cd Cl_2+NAC处理组与Cd Cl_2处理组相比,细胞皱缩变圆程度明显降低且ROS荧光强度明显减弱;随着Cd Cl_2浓度增加,T-SOD活性及GSH含量显著提高(P0.05),CAT活性极显著下降(P0.01)。结论:镉胁迫PK-15细胞是通过氧化应激机制介导肾脏细胞损伤的。     

齐墩果酸通过PPARγ调控人脐静脉内皮细胞抗氧化损伤作用

目的探讨齐墩果酸(OA)对ox-LDL诱导的内皮细胞氧化损伤的作用及其机制。方法实验分组:对照组,ox-LDL模型组,ox-LDL+OA(10μmol/L,20μmol/L,40μmol/L)组,ox-LDL+OA(10μmol/L,20μmol/L,40μmol/L)+GW9662,GW9662单独处理组。采用MTT法检测HUVECs细胞活力;酶联免疫吸附试验法检测HUVECs细胞SOD活力、GSH活力以及MDA含量;活性氧检测试剂盒检测HUVECs细胞ROS水平;Western blot检测HUVECs细胞PPARγ蛋白表达水平,所有指标的检测都进行生物学重复。采用方差分析和两样本t检验进行统计学分析。结果 MTT结果显示,ox-LDL组的细胞存活率为(49.17±0.62)%,OA(10μmol/L、20μmol/L、40μmol/L)预处理后存活率分别为(68.51±1.16)%、(82.64±0.73)%、(92.37±0.13)%,可减弱ox-LDL对HUVECs细胞存活率的降低且呈剂量依赖性关系,差异具有统计学意义(t=24.35,26.18,35.17;P=0.034,0.027,0.008)。本研究还发现,OA对ox-LDL诱导的HUVECs细胞SOD、GSH活性的降低和MDA、ROS水平的增加具有抑制作用且呈剂量依赖关系。ox-LDL组的细胞SOD、GSH、ROS和MDA水平分别为(16.12±0.06)μmol/g、(132.16±2.11)μmol/g、(2.63±0.02)k U/g、(158.12±0.39)%,ox-LDL+OA(10μmol/L)组的细胞SOD、GSH、ROS和MDA水平分别为(10.60±0.14)μmol/g、(108.36±2.05)μmol/g、(2.41±0.21)k U/g、(136.18±1.24)%,ox-LDL+OA(20μmol/L)组的细胞SOD、GSH、ROS和MDA水平分别为(13.28±0.09)μmol/g、(129.58±0.09)μmol/g、(2.26±0.15)k U/g、(126.43±1.51)%,ox-LDL+OA(40μmol/L)组的细胞SOD、GSH、ROS和MDA水平分别为(14.86±0.16)μmol/g、(131.47±0.76)μmol/g、(2.14±0.08)k U/g、(112.39±1.07)%(F=26.38,31.27,56.82,41.16;P=0.005,0.004,0.002,0.003)。Western blot结果显示,OA有效促进HUVECs细胞PPARγ蛋白水平提高。与ox-LDL+OA(20μmol/L)组(65.37±0.15)%比较,ox-LDL+OA(20μmol/L)+GW9662组的细胞活力为(52.89±0.16)%,差异有统计学意义(t=16.47,P=0.035)。进一步发现ox-LDL+OA(10μmol/L)组SOD、GSH、MDA、ROS水平为(10.58±0.13)μmol/g、(102.46±0.06)μmol/g、(2.42±0.08)k U/g、(144.38±2.02)%,oxLDL+OA(10μmol/L)+GW9662组的SOD、GSH、MDA、ROS水平分别为(8.42±0.05)μmol/g、(88.38±0.48)μmol/g、(2.83±0.01)k U/g、(154.41±1.04)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=38.47,39.25,43.69,41.27;P=0.008,0.008,0.006,0.006);ox-LDL+OA(20μmol/L)组SOD、GSH、MDA、ROS水平(13.25±0.05)μmol/g、(122.59±0.33)μmol/g、(2.23±0.16)k U/g、(123.94±0.15)%,ox-LDL+OA(20μmol/L)+GW9662组的SOD、GSH、MDA、RO水平分别为(10.59±0.12)μmol/g、(106.42±0.15)μmol/g、(2.61±0.07)k U/g、(138.12±1.15)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=46.08,38.11,49.35,35.59;P=0.005,0.008,0.004,0.009);oxLDL+OA(40μmol/L)组SOD、GSH、MDA、ROS水平分别为(15.88±0.14)μmol/g、(140.26±1.05)μmol/g、(2.02±0.13)k U/g、(187.52±0.68)%,ox-LDL+OA(40μmol/L)+GW9662组的SOD、GSH、MDA、RO水平(13.65±0.03)μmol/g、(124.61±1.27)μmol/g、(2.49±0.04)k U/g、(126.51±0.73)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=48.04,38.62,45.14,50.13;P=0.004,0.008,0.005,0.002),此外,本研究还发现,抑制PPARγ后,OA抑制ox-LDL诱导的HUVECs细胞的氧化损伤仍存在剂量效应。结论 OA可以通过PPARγ抑制x-LDL诱导HUVECs细胞氧化损伤。     

王不留行黄酮苷对过氧化氢和高糖诱导损伤的人脐静脉内皮细胞的保护作用

体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试剂盒评价王不留行黄酮苷孵育24 h后的细胞毒性。先给予13.76、6.88、3.44μmol/L的王不留行黄酮苷和维生素C阳性对照组(浓度为100μmol/L)预孵育12 h后,再分别以H2O2和高糖诱导内皮细胞损伤。SRB法测定细胞活力,试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量。与模型组相比,王不留行黄酮苷13.76、6.88、3.44μmol/L组均可改善H2O2和高糖损伤模型的细胞活力,尤以13.76μmol/L作用最为显著(P0.01);并且王不留行黄酮苷13.76μmol/L显著降低H2O2和高糖损伤组培养液中LDH和MDA释放量,增强细胞内SOD活性。     

山楂叶金丝桃苷对高糖诱导SH-SY5Y细胞损伤的保护作用及机制

为研究金丝桃苷对高糖诱导的人神经母细胞瘤(SH-SY5Y)细胞氧化损伤的保护作用及机制,用含100mmo L/L葡萄糖和分别为20、50、100μmo L/L金丝桃苷的培养基共同孵育SH-SY5Y细胞36 h,检测细胞活力、细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)活性,细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平、丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及SIRT1和NF-кB基因的mRNA水平和蛋白含量。结果显示金丝桃苷可提高高糖诱导后SH-SY5Y细胞的存活率,抑制细胞LDH释放,清除ROS,降低MDA含量与caspase-3活性,增强SOD、CAT活性和GSH含量;同时,金丝桃苷还能提高SIRT1基因的mR-NA表达及蛋白含量,降低NF-кB基因的mRNA水平和蛋白含量。结果表明金丝桃苷能通过激活SIRT1基因,抑制NF-кB基因保护高糖所致SH-SY5Y细胞的氧化损伤。     

12a-羟基明杜西酮通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进人肝癌细胞凋亡的作用研究

为了探讨化合物12a-羟基明杜西酮对人肝癌细胞系Hep G2增殖与凋亡的影响及其作用机制,本研究采用MTT法检测人肝癌细胞系Hep G2的增殖情况;应用流式细胞术检测细胞的周期分布、凋亡率和ROS水平;通过Western Blotting法检测Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关蛋白的表达情况。结果表明,化合物12a-羟基明杜西酮可抑制人肝癌细胞系Hep G2的增殖,其抑制率与作用浓度呈时间和剂量依赖性,24 h、48 h和72 h的IC50分别为(12.8±0.67)μmol/L、(8.8±0.43)μmol/L和(6.6±0.42)μmol/L;12a-羟基明杜西酮可剂量依赖性地(5μmol/L、10μmol/L和20μmol/L)使Hep G2细胞阻滞在G2/M期(p0.05),同时可增加细胞凋亡率(p0.05),提高细胞内ROS水平(p0.05)。此外,12a-羟基明杜西酮对Hep G2细胞内总的、细胞质的和细胞核的β-catenin蛋白表达均有降低作用,这说明Wnt/β-catenin通路可能受到了抑制。进一步的研究结果也证实了上述推测:12a-羟基明杜西酮可使Dvl-2、Dvl-3、GSK-3β(p-ser9)、c-myc、survivin的蛋白表达下降,而使GSK-3(p-tyr216)、Axin-2的蛋白表达水平升高,对总的GSK-3β蛋白水平则无明显影响。上述结果表明,化合物12a-羟基明杜西酮可以抑制人肝癌细胞系Hep G2的增殖并诱导其凋亡,其主要作用机制可能与升高细胞内ROS水平和抑制Dvl/GSK-3β/β-catenin信号通路有关。     

银杏内酯B 对星形胶质细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨银杏内酯B对过氧化氢(H_2O_2)诱导的星形胶质细胞损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法:星形胶质细胞传代培养,分为阴性对照组(以正常培养液培养),氧化损伤组(100μmol·L~(-1)的H_2O_2作用12 h),银杏内酯B低剂量组(1×10~(-6) mol·L~(-1)银杏内酯B孵育24 h后,加入H_2O_2作用12 h)和银杏内酯B高剂量组(1×10~(-4) mol·L~(-1)银杏内酯B孵育24 h后,加入H_2O_2作用12 h),MTT比色法检测细胞存活率,流式细胞仪检测细胞活性氧(ROS)水平,分光光度计检测上清液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、如谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:银杏内酯B能抑制氧化损伤引起的细胞活性的下降,降低星形胶质细胞内ROS的生成,促进SOD、GSH-Px水平的升高及MDA水平的下降。结论:银杏内酯B通过提高细胞内SOD、GSH-Px含量,降低细胞内MDA含量发挥其较强的抗氧化作用,从而为其用于治疗神经系统疾病提供可靠的实验依据。     

外源DMSO和ASA对微囊藻毒素胁迫下烟草细胞ROS生成和抗氧化系统的影响

采用2μg/mL微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)、2μg/mL MC-RR 0.5%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和2μg/mL MC-RR 2 mmol/L抗坏血酸(ASA)分别处理烟草悬浮细胞,研究上述各处理对烟草悬浮细胞活性氧(ROS)产生和抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,MC-RR单独处理后烟草悬浮细胞中ROS、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)和细胞内源ASA的含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性明显升高,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量有一个先降后升的变化过程。在分别加入外源抗氧化剂DMSO或ASA后,细胞内ROS和MDA含量下降,ASA、GSH含量和SOD、POD酶活性基本可恢复到对照水平。以上结果说明,微囊藻毒素单独处理细胞可造成氧化胁迫,其所诱导的ROS的大量积累很有可能是其产生细胞毒害的关键因子,外源抗氧化剂ASA和DMSO可缓解MC-RR对细胞的毒害作用,对细胞起一定保护作用。     

ω-3脂肪酸对人滋养层细胞侵袭和血管生成的影响

摘要 目的：探讨ω-3脂肪酸对人滋养层细胞（HTR-8/SVneo）侵袭和血管生成的影响。方法：本实验设置了不同浓度二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）处理组,依次为0、1、50和100 μmol/L EPA组;0、1、50和100 μmol/L DHA组。各组HTR-8/SVneo细胞分别用相应浓度的EPA和DHA培养48 h。然后通过CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,Matrigel Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭。使用EPA和DHA处理的HTR-8/SVneo细胞的上清液培养人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）6 h,然后检测HUVEC的小管形成能力。通过qRT-PCR和Western blot检测HTR-8/SVneo细胞中三结构域蛋白22（TRIM22）、信号转导和转录激活因子1（STAT1）、p-STAT1（Tyr701）、基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP2）、MMP9和VEGF的表达。结果：与0 μmol/L EPA组或0 μmol/L DHA组相比,50 μmol/L EPA组、100 μmol/L EPA组、50 μmol/L DHA组和100 μmol/L DHA组的OD_450nm 、侵袭细胞数量、MMP2和MMP9的蛋白相对表达量均升高（P<0.05）。与0 μmol/L EPA组或0 μmol/L DHA组相比,50 μmol/L EPA组、100 μmol/L EPA组、50 μmol/L DHA组和100 μmol/L DHA组的相对小管长度和VEGF蛋白相对表达量均升高（P<0.05）。与0 μmol/L EPA组或0 μmol/L DHA组相比,50 μmol/L EPA组、100 μmol/L EPA组、50 μmol/L DHA组和100 μmol/L DHA组的TRIM22 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量均升高,而STAT1 mRNA相对表达量和p-STAT1 (Tyr701)蛋白相对表达量均降低（P<0.05）。结论：ω-3脂肪酸处理可促进滋养层细胞的侵袭性和血管生成,其机制可能与TRIM22的上调和STAT1活性的抑制有关。     

New Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) records for Canada

The following species of Curculionoidea are recorded from Canada for the first time, in ten cases also representing new records at the generic level: Ischnopterapion (Ischnopterapion) loti (Kirby, 1808); Stenopterapion meliloti (Kirby, 1808) (both Brentidae); Atrichonotus taeniatulus (Berg, 1881); Barinus cribricollis (LeConte, 1876); Caulophilus dubius (Horn, 1873); Cionus scrophulariae (Linnaeus, 1758); Cryptorhynchus tristis LeConte, 1876; Cylindrocopturus furnissi Buchanan, 1940; Cylindrocopturus quercus (Say, 1832); Desmoglyptus crenatus (LeConte, 1876); Pnigodes setosus LeConte, 1876; Pseudopentarthrum parvicollis (Casey, 1892); Sibariops confinis (LeConte, 1876); Sibariops confusus (Boheman, 1836); Smicronyx griseus LeConte, 1876; Smicronyx lineolatus Casey, 1892; Euwallacea validus (Eichhoff, 1875); Hylocurus rudis (LeConte, 1876); Lymantor alaskanus Wood, 1978; Phloeotribus scabricollis (Hopkins, 1916); Scolytus oregoni Blackman, 1934; Xyleborus celsus Eichhoff, 1868; Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius, 1801); Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky, 1866) (all Curculionidae). In addition the following species were recorded for the first time from these provinces and territories: Yukon – Dendroctonus simplex LeConte, 1868; Phloetribus piceae Swaine, 1911 (both Curculionidae); Northwest Territories – Loborhynchapion cyanitinctum (Fall, 1927) (Brentidae); Nunavut – Dendroctonus simplex LeConte, 1868 (Curculionidae); Alberta – Anthonomus tectus LeConte, 1876; Promecotarsus densus Casey, 1892; Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902; Hylastes macer LeConte, 1868; Rhyncolus knowltoni (Thatcher, 1940); Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov Tjan-Shansky, 1902 (all Curculionidae); Saskatchewan – Phloeotribus liminaris (Harris, 1852); Rhyncolus knowltoni (Thatcher, 1940); Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov Tjan-Shansky, 1902 (all Curculionidae); Manitoba – Cosmobaris scolopacea Germar, 1819; Listronotus maculicollis (Kirby, 1837); Listronotus punctiger LeConte, 1876; Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov Tjan-Shansky, 1902; Tyloderma foveolatum (Say, 1832); (all Curculionidae); Ontario – Trichapion nigrum (Herbst, 1797); Nanophyes marmoratus marmoratus (Goeze, 1777) (both Brentidae); Asperosoma echinatum (Fall, 1917); Micracis suturalis LeConte, 1868; Orchestes alni (Linnaeus, 1758); Phloeosinus pini Swaine, 1915; Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov Tjan-Shansky, 1902; Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894) (all Curculionidae); Quebec – Trigonorhinus alternatus (Say, 1826); Trigonorhinus tomentosus tomentosus (Say, 1826) (both Anthribidae); Trichapion nigrum (Herbst, 1797); Trichapion porcatum (Boheman, 1839); Nanophyes marmoratus marmoratus (Goeze, 1777) (all Brentidae); Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, 1952 (Brachyceridae); Acalles carinatus LeConte, 1876; Ampeloglypter ampelopsis (Riley, 1869); Anthonomus rufipes LeConte, 1876; Anthonomus suturalis LeConte, 1824; Ceutorhynchus hamiltoni Dietz, 1896; Curculio pardalis (Chittenden, 1908); Cyrtepistomus castaneus (Roelofs, 1873); Larinus planus (Fabricius, 1792); Mecinus janthinus (Germar, 1821); Microhyus setiger LeConte, 1876; Microplontus campestris (Gyllenhal, 1837); Orchestes alni (Linnaeus, 1758); Otiorhynchus ligustici (Linnaeus, 1758); Rhinusa neta (Germar, 1821); Trichobaris trinotata (Say, 1832); Tychius liljebladi Blatchley, 1916; Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894); Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868 (all Curculionidae); Sphenophorus incongruus Chittenden, 1905 (Dryophthoridae); New Brunswick – Euparius paganus Gyllenhal, 1833; Allandrus populi Pierce, 1930; Gonotropis dorsalis (Thunberg, 1796); Euxenus punctatus LeConte, 1876 (all Anthribidae); Loborhynchapion cyanitinctum (Fall, 1927) (Brentidae); Pseudanthonomus seriesetosus Dietz, 1891; Curculio sulcatulus (Casey, 1897); Lignyodes bischoffi (Blatchley, 1916); Lignyodes horridulus (Casey, 1892); Dietzella zimmermanni (Gyllenhal, 1837); Parenthis vestitus Dietz, 1896; Pelenomus squamosus LeConte, 1876; Psomus armatus Dietz, 1891; Rhyncolus macrops Buchanan, 1946; Magdalis inconspicua Horn, 1873; Magdalis salicis Horn, 1873 (all Curculionidae); Nova Scotia – Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg, 1837); Ips perroti Swaine, 1915; Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894) (all Curculionidae); Prince Edward Island – Dryocoetes caryi Hopkins, 1915 (Curculionidae); Newfoundland – Scolytus piceae (Swaine, 1910) (Curculionidae).Published records of Dendroctonus simplex LeConte, 1868 from Northwest Territories should be reassigned to Nunavut, leaving no documented record for NWT. Collection data are provided for eight provincial and national records published without further information previously.     

Review of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 with description of five new species (Gastropoda,Pulmonata, Plectopylidae)

All known taxa of the genus Endothyrella Zilch, 1960 (family Plectopylidae) are reviewed. Altogether 23 Endothyrella species are recognized. All species are illustrated and whenever possible, photographs of the available type specimens are provided. Five new species are described: Endothyrella angulata Budha & Páll-Gergely, sp. n., Endothyrella dolakhaensis Budha & Páll-Gergely, sp. n. and Endothyrella nepalica Budha & Páll-Gergely, sp. n. from Nepal, Endothyrella robustistriata Páll-Gergely, sp. n. from the Naga Hills, India, and Endothyrella inexpectata Páll-Gergely, sp. n. from Sichuan, China. Helix (Plectopylis) munipurensis Godwin-Austen, 1875 is synonymized with Helix (Plectopylis) serica Godwin-Austen, 1875, and Plectopylis (Endothyra) gregorsoni Gude, 1915 is synonymized with Helix (Plectopylis) macromphalus W. Blanford, 1870. Plectopylis plectostoma var. exerta Gude, 1901 is a synonym of Plectopylis plectostoma var. tricarinata Gude, 1896, which is a species in its own right. Five species of the genus Chersaecia viz. Plectopylis (Chersaecia) bedfordi Gude, 1915, Helix (Plectopylis) brahma Godwin-Austen, 1879, Helix (Plectopylis) Oglei Godwin-Austen, 1879, Helix (Plectopylis) serica Godwin-Austen, 1875, and Plectopylis (Endothyra) williamsoni Gude, 1915 are moved to Endothyrella. The holotype of Plectopylis hanleyi Godwin-Austen, 1879 seems to be lost; therefore, Plectopylis hanleyi is considered to be a nomen dubium.     

New systematic assignments in Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores)

As part of an ongoing revision of the family Gonyleptidae, we have identified many species that are synonyms of previously described species or misplaced in this family. This article summarizes these findings, adding previously unavailable information or correcting imprecise observations to justify the presented taxonomic changes. The following new familial or subfamilial assignments are proposed: Nemastygnus Roewer, 1929 and Taulisa Roewer, 1956 are transferred to Agoristenidae, Agoristeninae; Napostygnus Roewer, 1929 to Cranaidae; Ceropachylinus peruvianus Roewer, 1956 and Pirunipygus Roewer, 1936 are transferred to Gonyleptidae, Ampycinae; Gyndesops Roewer, 1943, Haversia Roewer, 1913 and Oxapampeus Roewer, 1963 are transferred to Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae. The following generic synonymies are proposed for the family Gonyleptidae: Acanthogonyleptes Mello-Leitão, 1922 = Centroleptes Roewer, 1943; Acrographinotus Roewer, 1929 = Unduavius Roewer, 1929; Gonyleptes Kirby, 1819 = Collonychium Bertkau, 1880; Mischonyx Bertkau, 1880 = Eugonyleptes Roewer, 1913 and Gonazula Roewer, 1930; Parampheres Roewer, 1913 = Metapachyloides Roewer, 1917; Pseudopucrolia Roewer, 1912 = Meteusarcus Roewer, 1913; Haversia Roewer, 1913 = Hoggellula Roewer, 1930. The following specific synonymies are proposed for the family Gonyleptidae: Acanthogonyleptes singularis (Mello-Leitão, 1935) = Centroleptes flavus Roewer, 1943, syn. n.; Geraeocormobius sylvarum Holmberg, 1887 = Discocyrtus serrifemur Roewer, 1943, syn. n.; Gonyleptellus bimaculatus (Sørensen, 1884) = Gonyleptes cancellatus Roewer,1917, syn. n.; Gonyleptes atrus Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Weyhia brieni Giltay, 1928, syn. n.; Gonyleptes fragilis Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Gonyleptes banana Kury, 2003, syn. n.; Gonyleptes horridus Kirby, 1819 = Collonychium bicuspidatum Bertkau, 1880, syn. n., Gonyleptes borgmeyeri Mello-Leitão, 1932, syn. n., Gonyleptes curvicornis Mello-Leitão, 1932, syn. n., Metagonyleptes hamatus Roewer, 1913, syn. n. and Paragonyleptes simoni Roewer, 1930, syn. n.; Gonyleptes pustulatus Sørensen, 1884 = Gonyleptes guttatus Roewer, 1917, syn. n.; Haversia defensa (Butler, 1876) = Sadocus vallentini Hogg, 1913, syn. n.; Liogonyleptoides minensis (Piza, 1946) = Currala bahiensis Soares, 1972, syn. n.; Megapachylus grandis Roewer, 1913 = Metapachyloides almeidai Soares & Soares, 1946, syn. n.; Mischonyx cuspidatus (Roewer, 1913) = Gonazula gibbosa Roewer, 1930 syn. n.; Mischonyx scaber (Kirby, 1819) = Xundarava holacantha Mello-Leitão, 1927, syn. n.; Parampheres tibialis Roewer, 1917 = Metapachyloides rugosus Roewer, 1917, syn. n.; Parapachyloides uncinatus (Sørensen, 1879) = Goyazella armata Mello-Leitão, 1931, syn. n.; Pseudopucrolia mutica (Perty, 1833) = Meteusarcus armatus Roewer, 1913, syn. n. The following new combinations are proposed: Acrographinotus ornatus (Roewer, 1929), comb. n. (ex Unduavius); Gonyleptellus bimaculatus (Sørensen, 1884),comb. n. (ex Gonyleptes);Gonyleptes perlatus (Mello-Leitão, 1935), comb. n. (exMoojenia);Mischonyx scaber (Kirby, 1819), comb. n. (ex Gonyleptes); and Neopachyloides peruvianus (Roewer, 1956), comb. n. (ex Ceropachylus). The following species of Gonyleptidae, Gonyleptinae are revalidated: Gonyleptes atrus Mello-Leitão, 1923 and Gonyleptes curvicornis (Roewer, 1913).     

Revision of the Agathidinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of Vietnam, with the description of forty-two new species and three new genera

The species of seventeen genera of Agathidinae (Braconidae) from Vietnam are revised: Agathis Latreille, 1804, Bassus Fabricius, 1804; Biroia Szépligeti, 1900; Braunsia Kriechbaumer, 1894; Camptothlipsis Enderlein, 1920; Coccygidium de Saussure, 1892; Coronagathis gen. n. (type species: Coronagathis cornifera sp. n.); Cremnops Foerster, 1862; Disophrys Foerster, 1862; Earinus Wesmael, 1837; Euagathis Szépligeti, 1900; Gyragathis gen. n. (type species: Gyragathis quyi sp. n.), Gyrochus Enderlein, 1920; Lytopylus Foerster, 1862; Therophilus Wesmael, 1837; Troticus Brullé, 1846, and Zelodia gen. n. (type species: Zelomorpha varipes van Achterberg & Maetô, 1990). Keys to the Vietnamese species are given.Sixty-five species are recognised, of which twelve species are newly recorded for Vietnam: Bassus albifasciatus (Watanabe, 1934), Coccygidium angostura (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), Cremnops atricornis (Smith, 1874), stat. n., Disophrys erythrocephala Cameron, 1900, Gyrochus yunnanensis Wang, 1984, Lytopylus romani (Shestakov, 1940), comb. n., Therophilus festivus (Muesebeck, 1953), comb. n., Therophilus javanus (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n., Therophilus lienhuachihensis (Chou & Sharkey, 1989), comb. n., Therophilus marshi (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n., Zelodia absoluta (Chen & Yang, 1998), comb. n. and Zelodia longidorsata (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n.Forty-two species are new to science: Agathis citrinisoma sp. n., Bassus albobasalis sp. n., Bassus albozonatus sp. n., Biroia soror sp. n., Braunsia bicolorata sp. n., Braunsia devriesi sp. n., Braunsia maculifera sp. n., Braunsia nigrapiculata sp. n., Braunsia pumatica sp. n., Camptothlipsis hanoiensis sp. n., Coronagathis cornifera sp. n., Earinus aurantius sp. n., Earinus brevistigmus sp. n., Euagathis flavosoma sp. n., Disophrys maculifera sp. n., Disophrys quymanhi sp. n., Disophrys rhinoides sp. n., Gyragathis quyi sp. n., Therophilus annuliferus sp. n., Therophilus cattienensis sp. n., Therophilus contrastus sp. n., Therophilus crenulisulcatus sp. n., Therophilus depressiferus sp. n., Therophilus elongator sp. n., Therophilus levisoma sp. n., Therophilus marucae sp. n., Therophilus mellisoma sp. n., Therophilus nigrolineatus sp. n., Therophilus nuichuaensis sp. n., Therophilus parasper sp. n., Therophilus planifrons sp. n., Therophilus punctiscutum sp. n., Therophilus robustus sp. n., Therophilus rugosiferus sp. n., Therophilus scutellatus sp. n., Troticus alloflavus sp. n., Troticus giganteus sp. n., Zelodia albobasalis sp. n., Zelodia anginota sp. n., Zelodia bicoloristigma sp. n., Zelodia brevifemoralis sp. n. and Zelodia flavistigma sp. n.The following new synonyms are proposed: Euagathis nigrithorax Bhat & Gupta, 1977, Euagathis variabilis Enderlein, 1920, Euagathis variabilis var. tibialis Enderlein, 1920, Euagathis variabilis var. melanopleura Enderlein, 1920 and Euagathis variabilis var. sucarandana Enderlein, 1920 with Euagathis abbotti (Ashmead, 1900); Euagathis jinshanensis Chen & Yang, 2006 and Euagathis sharkeyi Chen & Yang, 2006, with Euagathis forticarinata (Cameron, 1899). The genus Amputostypos Sharkey, 2009, is synonymised with Coccygidium de Saussure, 1892, syn. n.The following new combinations are given: Bassus subrasa (Enderlein, 1920), comb. n., Gyragathis angulosa (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n., Lytopylus romani (Shestakov, 1940), comb. n., Therophilus annulus (Chou & Sharkey, 1989), comb. n., Therophilus asper (Chou & Sharkey, 1989), comb. n., Therophilus cingulipes (Nees, 1812), comb. n., Therophilus daanyuanensis (Chen & Yang, 2006), comb. n., Therophilus fujianicus (Chen & Yang, 2006), comb. n., Therophilus javanus (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n., Therophilus lanyuensis (Chou & Sharkey, 1989), comb. n., Therophilus luzonicus (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n., Therophilus muesebecki (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n., Therophilus rudimentarius (Enderlein, 1920), comb. n., Therophilus similis (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n., Therophilus sungkangensis (Chou & Sharkey, 1989), comb. n., Therophilus tanycoleosus (Chen & Yang, 2006), comb. n., Therophilus tonghuaensis (Chen & Yang, 2006), comb. n., Therophilus tongmuensis (Chen & Yang, 2006), comb. n., Therophilus transcasperatus (Chen & Yang, 2006), comb. n., Troticus latiabdominalis (Bhat, 1978),comb. n., Zelodia absoluta (Chen & Yang, 1998), comb. n., Zelodia achterbergi (Chen & Yang, 2006), comb. n., Zelodia albopilosella (Cameron, 1908), comb. n., Zelodia chromoptera (Roman, 1913), comb. n., Zelodia nihonensis (Sharkey, 1996), comb. n., Zelodia cordata (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n., Zelodia diluta (Turner, 1918), comb. n., Zelodia dravida (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n., Zelodia exornata (Turner, 1918), comb. n., Zelodia longidorsata (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n., Zelodia longiptera (Yang & Chen, 2006), comb. n., Zelodia maculipes (Cameron, 1911), comb. n., Zelodia nigra (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n., Zelodia philippinensis (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n., Zelodia reticulosa (Yang & Chen, 2006), comb. n., Zelodia quadrifossulata (Enderlein, 1920), comb. n., Zelodia ruida (Sharkey, 1996), comb. n., Zelodia similis (Bhat & Gupta, 1977), comb. n., Zelodia penetrans (Smith, 1860), comb. n. and Zelodia varipes (van Achterberg & Maetô, 1990), comb. n.     

A review of selected South- and East Asian Tanytarsus v.d. Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Male and pupa of Tanytarsus calorifontis sp. n. are described. Diagnoses, hypopygium drawings for the examined species and distribution are given for: Tanytarsus akantertiusSasa & Kamimura, T. angulatus Kawai, T. atagoensis Tokunaga,T. bathophilusKieffer, T. boninensis Tokunaga, T. formosae (Kieffer), T. formosanusKieffer, T. infundibulusChaudhuri & Datta, T. kikuchiiSasa, Kawai & Ueno, T. konishii Sasa & Kawai, T. mcmillani Freeman, T. mendax Kieffer, T. miyakobrevis Sasa & Hasegawa, T. monstrosus Chaudhuri et al., T. ogasaquartus Sasa & Suzuki, T. ogasatertius Sasa & Suzuki, T. okuboi Sasa & Kikuchi, T. oscillans Johannsen, T. ovatus Johannsen, T. oyamai Sasa, T. pollexus Chaudhuri & Datta, T. shouautumnalis Sasa, T. shoudigitatus Sasa, T. takahashii Kawai & Sasa, T. tamaundecimus Sasa, T. tonebeceus Sasa & Tanaka, T. tusimatneousSasa & Suzuki, T. unagiseptimus Sasa, T. uraiensis Tokunaga, T. yakuheiusSasa & Suzuki and T. yunosecundus Sasa. Tanytarsus ikiefeus Sasa & Suzuki is a new junior synonym of T. konishii. Tanytarsus ikifegeus Sasa & Suzuki, T. miyakoflavus Sasa & Hasegawa,T. oyabepallidus Sasa, Kawai & Ueno, T. simantoopeus Sasa et al. and T. tusimatheius Sasa & Suzuki are new junior synonyms of T. okuboi. Tanytarsus nippogregarius Sasa & Kamimura is a new junior synonym of T. bathophilus. Tanytarsus cultellus Chaudhuri & Datta and T. sibafegeus Sasa et al. are new junior synonyms of T. oscillans.Tanytarsus insulus (Guha et al., 1985) is a new junior synonym of T. ovatus. Tanytarsus sakishimanus Sasa & Hasegawa, T. vinculus Chaudhuri et al., T. parvistylus Chaudhuri & Datta, T. fusciabdominalis Guha et al. and T. euformosanus Kikuchi & Sasa are new junior synonyms of T. formosanus. Tanytarsus tsutaprimus Sasa, T. tokarajekeus Sasa & Suzuki, T. tusimatlemeus Sasa & Suzuki, T. tusimatopeus Sasa & Suzuki and T. yakugeheuus Sasa & Suzuki are new junior synonyms of T. shouautumnalis. Tanytarsus togasiroidus Sasa & Okazawa is a new junior synonym of T. shoudigitatus. Tanytarsus tusimatjekeus Sasa & Suzuki and T. tusimatkeleus Sasa & Suzuki are new junior synonyms of T. akantertius, and Tanytarsus tusimatpequeus Sasa & Suzuki is a new junior synonym of T. tusimatneous. Virgatanytarsus toganiveus (Sasa & Okazawa), Cladotanytarsus utonaiquartus (Sasa) and Zavrelia tusimatijeus (Sasa & Suzuki), all previously placed in Tanytarsus, are new combinations.     

Taxonomy and distribution of some katydids (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae) from tropical Africa

Results of the study of specimens collected in tropical Africa and preserved in different European collections and museums are reported and extensively illustrated. The following three new species are described: Horatosphaga aethiopica sp. n., Dapanera occulta sp. n. and Cestromoecha laeglae sp. n. In addition, new diagnostic characters or distributional data for Ruspolia differens (Serville, 1838), Thyridorhoptrum senegalense Krauss, 1877, Horatosphaga leggei (Kirby, 1909), Horatosphaga linearis (Rehn, 1910), Preussia lobatipes Karsch, 1890 and Dapanera eidmanni Ebner, 1943 are reported. Finally, Symmetropleura plana (Walker, 1869) is proposed to be transferred to the genus Symmetrokarschia Massa, 2015, Conocephalus carbonarius (Redtenbacher, 1891) to the genus Thyridorhoptrum Rehn & Hebard, 1915; the genus Gonatoxia Karsch, 1889 is proposed to be synonymized with Dapanera Karsch, 1889.     

Review of the genera Anelaphinis Kolbe, 1892 and Atrichelaphinis Kraatz, 1898 (Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae)

New material collected recently throughout the Afrotropical region has led to a major reassessment of taxa within the genera Anelaphinis Kolbe, 1892, Atrichelaphinis Kraatz, 1898 and other closely related genera. As a result, the name Megalleucosma Antoine, 1989 is here synonymised with Anelaphinis and a lectotype is designated for the type species, Cetonia dominula Harold, 1879. The genus Atrichelaphinis is redefined and a new subgenus, Atrichelaphinis (Eugeaphinis), is proposed for Elaphinis simillima Ancey, 1883, Elaphinis vermiculata Fairmaire, 1894, Niphetophora rhodesiana Péringuey, 1907, Atrichelaphinis deplanata Moser, 1907 (with Anelaphinis kwangensis Burgeon, 1931 as junior synonym) and Anelaphinis sternalis Moser, 1914. Additionally, three new species and one new subspecies are recognised and described in this new subgenus: Atrichelaphinis (Eugeaphinis) bomboesbergica sp. n. from South Africa; Atrichelaphinis (Eugeaphinis) bjornstadi sp. n. from Tanzania; Atrichelaphinis (Eugeaphinis) garnieri sp. n. from south–east Africa (Tanzania, Zimbabwe); and Atrichelaphinis (Eugeaphinis) deplanata minettii ssp. n. from central Africa (Malawi, Mozambique, Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Brazzaville, South Africa, Rwanda, Zambia, Zimbabwe). The genus Atrichelaphinis is compared to its closest relatives and two separate keys are proposed, one for Atrichelaphinis and one for the sub-Saharan genera exhibiting completely or partially fused parameres.     

Taxonomic synopsis of the subtribe Physoderina (Coleoptera,Carabidae, Lebiini), with species?revisions?of eight genera

Ten genera of Physoderina from the Oriental Region are diagnosed and described, and twenty six species representing eight genera (Paraphaea Bates, Anchista Nietner, Metallanchista gen. n., Diamella nom. n., Allocota Motschulsky, Orionella Jedlička, Endynomena Chaudoir and Dasiosoma Britton (Oriental species only)) are revised. Keys to genera and species are provided, along with distribution maps, habitus images, photographs of the name-bearing types, and illustrations of male and female genitalia of available species. The female internal reproductive system is illustrated for fourteen species. Two genera, Anchista and Taicona, previously placed in Calleidina, are moved into Physoderina. One new genus is described: Metallanchista, gen. n. (type species Metallanchista laticollis, sp. n.). Two new generic synonyms are proposed: Taicona Bates, 1873, junior synonym of Allocota Motschulsky, 1859; Teradaia Habu, 1979a, junior synonym of Dasiosoma Britton, 1937. A new generic replacement name is proposed: Diamella, nom. n. for Diamella Jedlička, 1952 (junior homonym of Diamella Gude, 1913). The status of Paraphaea Bates, 1873 is resurrected from synonym of Anchista Nietner, 1856. Five new species are described: Paraphaea minor Shi & Liang, sp. n. (Hoa-Binh, Tonkin, Vietnam), Anchista pilosa Shi & Liang, sp. n. (Chikkangalur, Bangalore, India), Metallanchista laticollis Shi & Liang, sp. n. (PhaTo env., Chumphon prov., Thailand), Allocota bicolor Shi & Liang, sp. n. (Dengga to Mafengshan, Ruili, Yunnan, China), Dasiosoma quadraticolle Shi & Liang, sp. n. (Menglun Botanical Garden, Yunnan, China). Fourteen new combinations are proposed: Paraphaea binotata (Dejean, 1825), comb. n. from Anchista; Paraphaea formosana (Jedlička, 1946), comb. n. from Anchista; Paraphaea philippinensis (Jedlička, 1935b), comb. n. from Allocota; Metallanchista perlaeta (Kirschenhofer, 1994), comb. n. from Allocota; Physodera andrewesi (Jedlička, 1934), comb. n. from Allocota; Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthür, 1883), comb. n. from Physodera; Diamella arrowi (Jedlička, 1935a), comb. n. from Allocota; Allocota aurata (Bates, 1873), comb. n. from Taicona; Dasiosoma bellum (Habu, 1979a), comb. n. from Teradaia; Dasiosoma indicum (Kirschenhofer, 2011), comb. n. from Diamella; Dasiosoma maindroni (Tian & Deuve, 2001), comb. n. from Lachnoderma; Dasiosoma hirsutum (Bates, 1873), comb. n. from Lachnoderma; Orionella discoidalis (Bates, 1892), comb. n. from Anchista; Orionella kathmanduensis (Kirschenhofer, 1994), comb. n. from Lachnoderma. Five names are newly placed as junior synonyms: Paraphaea eurydera (Chaudoir, 1877), junior synonym of Paraphaea binotata (Dejean, 1825); Anchista glabra Chaudoir, 1877, and Anchista nepalensis Kirschenhofer, 1994, junior synonyms of Anchista fenestrata (Schmidt-Göbel, 1846); Allocota caerulea Andrewes, 1933, junior synonym of Allocota viridipennis Motschulsky, 1859; Allocota perroti (Jedlička, 1963), junior synonym of Allocota aurata (Bates, 1873). One new replacement name is proposed: Dasiosoma basilewskyi, nom. n. for Dasiosoma hirsutum Basilewsky, 1949 (secondary junior homonym of Dasiosoma hirsutum (Bates, 1892)). One species is downgraded to subspecies rank: Anchista fenestrata subpubescens Chaudoir, 1877, new rank.     

Type specimens of centipedes (Myriapoda,Chilopoda) in the National Museum,Prague (Czech Republic)

The centipede collection in the National Museum in Prague contains type material of 16 taxa (14 species and two subspecies), of which 15 were described by Luděk J. Dobroruka and one by Karl W. Verhoeff: Allothereua wilsonae Dobroruka, 1979; Chinobius alenae Dobroruka, 1980; Lithobius corrigendus Dobroruka, 1988; Lithobius creticus Dobroruka, 1977; Lithobius erythrocephalus mohelensis Dobroruka, 1959; Lithobius evae Dobroruka, 1958; Lithobius magurensis Dobroruka, 1971; Lithobius purkynei Dobroruka, 1957; Lithobius tatricus Dobroruka, 1958; Lithobius tatricus monounguis Dobroruka, 1958; Monotarsobius homolaci Dobroruka, 1971; Monotarsobius krali Dobroruka, 1979; Pachymerium dilottiae Dobroruka, 1976; Pachymerium hanzaki Dobroruka, 1976; Scolopendra aztecorum Verhoeff, 1934 and Strigamia olympica Dobroruka, 1977. Of these 16 taxa, five were described from the Czech Republic, three from Slovakia and eight from other countries (Greece, Iraq, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Nepal, Russia and Uzbekistan). The eight taxa described from the Czech and Slovak Republics are now considered as junior synonyms but the eight taxa described from the other countries are still valid.