慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂中二硫键Cys1~（12）－Cys~（115）功能的研究

慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂中二硫键Ｃｙｓ１~（１２）－Ｃｙｓ~（１１５）功能的研究谢志伟,罗明娟,戚正武（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所分子生物学国家重点实验室,２０００３１）关键词慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂Ｂ;二硫键;定点突变;基因表达慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂（ＡＰＩ）与大豆Ｋｕ...     

融合gp67信号肽的慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂基因在蚕体内表达

用ＡｃＭＮＰＶ的ｇｐ６７信号肽与慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂基因（ＡＰＩ２）融合,并整合到昆虫病毒表达载体ＢｍＢａｃＰＡＫ６中,受多角体蛋白基因启动子控制。慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂在蚕体内成功地得到了高效表达。比较了ｇｐ６７信号肽和慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂信号肽在昆虫表达系统中对表达产物的影响,发现表达产物都能分泌到血淋巴中,表达量很相似,但这两种信号肽在表达过程中都没有被切除,且不同信号肽对表达产物的生物活性有很大影响。     

慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂研究进展

蛋白酶抑制剂是一类能够抑制蛋白水解酶活性的物质。根据它们抑制的蛋白酶类型可分为丝氨酸、半胱氨酸、天冬氨酸、和金属蛋白酶抑制剂[1] 。由于它们能抑制昆虫肠道内以及一些病原微生物体内的蛋白酶[2～ 6 ] ,因此蛋白酶抑制剂在植物对昆虫和病原体的侵染防御系统中具有重要的作用。慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂Ａ、Ｂ是从慈菇球茎中分离纯化的双头多功能蛋白酶抑制剂 ,除了具备其他蛋白酶抑制剂在抗虫抗病方面的特点外 ,还有很多独特的优点。如 ,含量丰富、比活力高而且稳定 ;广谱性强 ;对胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、激肽释放酶等多种蛋白酶有较强的抑…     

慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂对亚洲玉米螟消化酶的影响

亚洲玉米螟幼虫中肠消化酶主要为胰蛋白酶：利用慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂研究它对玉米螟消化酶的影响,发现这种抑制剂体外强烈抑制玉米螟幼虫中肠消化酶：同时我们又比较了长时间取食（三龄至五龄第二天）和短时间取食(四龄未取食48小时)抑制剂的幼虫体内胰蛋白酶活性,当它们短时间取食抑制剂后,体内消化酶水平迅速下降,取食更长时间时,胰蛋白酶活力下降更明显,仅为对照的27．2%。由此可见,慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂严重影响了玉米螟的正常消化,阻断了玉米螟营养与食物间的联系．使玉米螟生长发育不良。     

融合gp67信号肽的慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂基因在蚕体内表达*

用AcMNPV的gp67信号肽与慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂基因(API₂)融合,并整合到昆虫病毒表达载体Bm—BacPAK6中,受多角体蛋白基因启动子控制。慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂在蚕体内成功地得到了高教表达。比较了gp67信号肽和慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂信号肽在昆虫表达系统中对表达产物的影响,发现表达产物都能分泌到血淋巴中,表达量很相似,但这两种信号肽在表达过程中都没有被切除,且不同信号肽对表达产物的生物活性有很大影响。     

极谱法测定无氧介质中根系氧气输导

介绍了利用极谱法测定凤眼 （Ｅｉｃｈｈｏｒｎｉａ ｃｒａｓ－ｓｉｐｅｓ Ｓｏｌｍ．）、菰（Ｚｉｚａｎｉａ ｌａｔｉｆｏｌｉａ（Ｇｅｉｓｅｂ）Ｓｔａｐｆ）、石菖蒲（Ａｃｏｒｕｓ ｔａｒｔａｒｉｎｏｗｉｉ Ｓｃｈｏｔｔ）、慈菇（Ｓａｇｉｔａｒｒｉａ ｓａｇｉｔｔｉｆｏｌｉａ Ｌｉｎｎ．）香蒲（Ｔｙｐｈａ ａｎｇｕｓｔｉｆｏｌｉａ Ｌｉａｎ．）等多种湿生植物根系在无氧介质中氧气的对扩散速率（ＯＤＲ）。实     

一种新的α—纤维蛋白原酶对血小板聚集的影响

ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）检测中国眼镜蛇毒蛋白酶水解纤维蛋白原的作用方式,发现该蛋白酶可迅速水解纤维蛋白原Ａα链,对γ链作用较弱,对Ｂβ链无作用,是一种新型的α－纤维蛋白原本科,用比浊法测定血小板聚集率,证实中国眼镜蛇毒蛋白酶低剂量（）０．０２５）ｍｇ／ｋｇ）、中剂量（０．０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）以及高剂量（０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）体内给药浓度依赖性地抑制ＡＤＰ（１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和胶原（１     

蛇毒丝氨酸蛋白酶多样性──底物专一性免疫化学及序列比较研究

本文报道烙铁头（Ｔｒｉｍｅｒｅｓｕｒｕｓｍｕｃｒｏｓｑｕａｍａｔｕｓ）蛇毒纤维蛋白原溶酶（ＴＭＶＦｇ），眼镜王蛇（Ｏｐｈｉｏｐｈａｇｕｓｈａｎｎａｈ）蛇毒纤维蛋白原溶酶（ｏｈＳ１），竹叶青（Ｔｒｉｍｅｒｅｓｕｒｕｓｓｔｅｊｎｅｇｅｒｉ）蛇毒专一纤溶酶原激活剂（ｓｖ－ｐＡ）对５种小分子多肽底物的底物专一性，及这些蛇毒丝氨酸蛋白酶对各种凝血因子（第Ｘ因子、凝血酶原、纤溶酶原、蛋白Ｃ）的作用，并和其它蛇毒丝氨酸蛋白酶如矛头蝮（Ｂｏｔｈｒｏｐｓａｔｒｏｘ）蛇毒凝血酶样酶（Ｂａｔｒｏｘｏｂｉｎ）、铜头蝮（Ａｇｋｉｓｔｒｏｄｏｎｃｏｎｔｏｒｔｒｉｘｃｏｎｔｏｒｔｒｉｘ）蛇毒蛋白Ｃ激活剂ＡＣＣ－Ｃ、蝰蛇（Ｖｉｐｅｒａｒｕｓｓｅｌｌｉ）毒第Ⅴ因子激活剂ＲＶＶ－Ｖ进行比较研究。通过酶标偶联免疫反应研究了抗ｓｖ－ＰＡ抗体与各种丝氨酸蛋白酶的免疫交叉反应，并对蛇毒丝氨酸蛋白酶及相应功能的哺乳动物蛋白酶进行了序列比较分析。从底物专一性多样性及已知序列结构分化上对这一类蛇毒丝氨酸蛋白酶的结构与功能进行了探讨和研究。     

慈菇（Sagittaria safittifolia）α－半乳糖苷酶的纯化与性质

以对硝基苯糖苷基为底物,测定了慈菇的１２种糖苷酶,其中α－甘露糖苷酶、α－和β－半乳糖苷酶活力较高;经硫酸铵分级沉淀,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１５０分子筛层析,ＣｏｎＡＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ亲和层析,ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－６Ｂ离子交换层析,从慈菇抽提液纯化了α－半乳糖苷酶。纯化酶的比活提高１０７２倍,活力回收１５．６％,在圆盘聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ上均显示１条蛋白质带,在α－半乳糖苷酶浓度为１５０ｍＵ／ｍｌ的溶液中测不到其他糖苷酶的活力。慈菇α－半乳糖苷酶的分子量用ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００凝胶过滤柱测定或在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ上测定均为６０ｋＤ,酶反应的最适ｐＨ在５．８附近,最适温度为６０℃。该酶分解对硝基苯基－α－半乳糖苷的Ｋ＿ｍ值为３．７×１０￣（－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｖ＿ｍ值为２．１×１０￣（－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。银离子、汞离子显著抑制酶活力,Ｄ－半乳糖和密二糖均竞争性地抑制该酶水解对硝基苯基α－Ｄ－半乳糖苷的活力,根据Ｄｉｘｏｎ作图求得其Ｋ＿ｉ值分别为０．９２×１０￣（－３）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１．９８×１０￣（－３）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。２－脱氧－Ｄ－半乳糖和Ｌ－岩藻糖为酶活力的非竞争性抑制剂。化学修饰     

尿激酶原变体（Ser^175—His^187—mscu—PA）的构建及性质

尿激酶原，即单链尿激酶（ｓｃｕ－ＰＡ）是双链尿激酶（ｔｃｕ－ＰＡ）的前体，属于丝氨酸蛋白酶家族，但其内在酶活性高于一般的丝氨酸蛋白酶原。广泛存在于丝氨酸蛋白酶原家族中的Ａｓｐ－Ｈｉｓ－Ｓｅｒ酶原三要素在尿激酶原中仅存Ａｓｐ，为了恢复该结构，降低尿激酶原的内在酶活性，利用寡核苷酸介导的定点突变方法，将尿激酶原基因中的特定核苷酸改变，使Ａｌａ＾１７５突变为Ｓｅｒ＾１７５，同时Ｔｙｒ＾１８７突变为Ｈｉｓ     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.