三种微蛛酯酶同工酶的比较

本文对农田常见三种微蛛的酯酶同工酶进行了比较研究,结果表明:三种微蛛的酯酶同工酶共有18条Rf值不同的酶带,但同种不同发育阶段、不同性别的酯酶同工酶带数不同,而对种间来说其酯酶同工酶谱具有种的特异性。     

平菇属中-新杂交种及双亲酯酶同工酶的比较研究

采用聚丙烯酞胺凝胶垂直平板电泳和薄层等电聚焦电泳法,以单抱杂交筛选的平菇属中一新杂交种和双亲株[佛罗里达侧耳(Pleurorur flortdo)和姬菇(Pleurotus sp)]为材料,对三种平菇子实休的酯酶同工酶进行比较,结果表明:①三种平菇子实体的酯酶同工酶酶谱丰富,酶带多,菌种酶谱稳定特异,不受环境条件、栽培方式和采样时间的影响,可作为菌种选育、检侧和鉴定的有效指标。②杂交种的酯酶同工酶酶谱体现了双亲的酯酶同工酶基因的杂交组合,一部分酶带可在佛罗里达侧耳中出现,另一部分酶带在姬菇中出现。酶谱中出现了典型的互补酶带。⑧不同的发育阶段中的子实体酪酶同工梅酶带基本相同,而酶活性变化较大。     

中华绒螯蟹不同发育时期胚胎及流产胚胎的同工酶变化

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对中华绒螯蟹(Erlocheir sinensis)不同发育时期胚胎及流产胚胎的6种同工酶(乳酸脱氢酶、醇脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、酯酶、淀粉酶和过氧化物酶)进行了研究。结果表明,不同发育时期胚胎的乳酸脱氢酶、醇脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、酯酶及淀粉酶酶谱表现出一定差异。受精卵中未检测到乳酸脱氢酶同工酶活性,卵裂期和囊胚期出现4条酶带,无节幼体及溞状幼体期只有2条酶带;醇脱氢酶同工酶在中华绒螯蟹胚胎发育的各阶段均有表达,但表达的酶带数和活性有区别;在受精卵和溞状幼体期无苹果酸脱氢酶酶带显示,卵裂期酶带数最多,酶活性相对也最强,以后随着发育的进行,酶带数和酶活性都有减弱的现象;酯酶同工酶的变化较为复杂,特别是囊胚期,酯酶酶带突然全部消失;淀粉酶有两种类型：α-淀粉酶和R-淀粉酶。从受精卵发育到幼体其酶带数不增反减。不同发育阶段均检测不到过氧化物酶的活性。第二次抱卵胚胎的酶活性和酶带数低于或有别于第一次抱卵的卵裂期胚胎。流产胚胎中醇脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶、淀粉酶与第一次抱卵胚胎不同发育时期的酶谱相比略有变化,而苹果酸脱氢酶、酯酶酶带数迅速减少。     

PGR-1〔3-(2-吡啶基)芮醇〕对槟榔植株酯酶同工酶的影响

本试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,测定与分析槟榔不同器官、不同品种酯酶同工酶酶谱、酶量、酶带活性和分布状况,结果表明:经PGR-1处理后.槟榔酯酶同工酶带数目、着色程度、酶带活性都比对照的显著增多、加深、提高。 通过检测.清楚地看到槟榔酶带总共有17条,分为三大酶区,Ⅰ区带有酶谱6条,Ⅱ区带有酶谱7条.Ⅲ区带有酶谱4条。各酶区出现新酶带比对照的增多11条,带幅从狭变宽,带色由浅变深,带位迁移从慢变快,酶带活性由弱变强,这是与用药浓度有相关联的。     

PGR-1〔3-(2-吡啶基)芮醇〕对槟榔植株酯酶同工酶的影响

本试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,测定与分析槟榔不同器官、不同品种酯酶同工酶酶谱、酶量、酶带活性和分布状况,结果表明:经PGR-1处理后.槟榔酯酶同工酶带数目、着色程度、酶带活性都比对照的显著增多、加深、提高。 通过检测.清楚地看到槟榔酶带总共有17条,分为三大酶区,Ⅰ区带有酶谱6条,Ⅱ区带有酶谱7条.Ⅲ区带有酶谱4条。各酶区出现新酶带比对照的增多11条,带幅从狭变宽,带色由浅变深,带位迁移从慢变快,酶带活性由弱变强,这是与用药浓度有相关联的。     

星豹蛛四个羧酸酯酶基因克隆及溴氰菊酯胁迫下的表达模式

【目的】探究星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera羧酸酯酶基因PaCarE1-4是否与其代谢溴氰菊酯有关。【方法】采用RT-PCR技术克隆星豹蛛4个羧酸酯酶基因PaCarE1-4 cDNA序列,通过生物信息学软件分析其序列特性。采用RT-qPCR技术测定这4个羧酸酯酶基因在星豹蛛雌雄成蛛不同组织(头胸部、腹部和足)以及在不同浓度(LC₁₀=5.151 mg/L; LC₃₀=8.619 mg/L; LC₅₀=12.311 mg/L)溴氰菊酯胁迫12 h和LC₃₀浓度溴氰菊酯胁迫2, 4, 8, 12, 24和48 h雄成蛛中的相对表达水平。【结果】克隆获得星豹蛛羧酸酯酶基因PaCarE1-4(GenBank登录号分别为MZ643212, MZ643214, MZ643215和 MZ643216)的全长cDNA序列,开放阅读框(ORF)分别长1 653, 1 803, 1 827和1 818 bp,分别编码550, 600, 608和605个氨基酸。组织表达谱结果表明,PaCarE1和PaCarE2在星豹蛛雌雄成蛛腹部中的表达量最高,且在雄成蛛腹部中的表达量高于雌成蛛中的;PaCarE3和PaCarE4在雌雄成蛛头胸部中的表达量最高,且PaCarE3在雌成蛛头胸部中的表达量高于雄成蛛中的,PaCarE4在雄成蛛头胸部中的表达量高于雌成蛛中的。LC₃₀浓度溴氰菊酯胁迫12 h诱导了星豹蛛雄成蛛中PaCarE1的表达,LC₁₀和LC₃₀浓度溴氰菊酯胁迫12 h诱导了PaCarE2的表达。LC₃₀浓度溴氰菊酯胁迫不同时间后,与对照组(丙酮处理组)相比,星豹蛛雄成蛛中PaCarE4的表达量与对照组均无显著差异,而PaCarE1的表达量在处理后2, 8和12 h, PaCarE2的表达量在处理后12 h,以及PaCarE3的表达量在处理后24 h显著上调。【结论】羧酸酯酶基因PaCarE1, PaCarE2和PaCarE3可以被溴氰菊酯诱导表达,表明其可能参与星豹蛛对溴氰菊酯的代谢过程。本研究结果有助于了解星豹蛛对外源物质的代谢机理,为这一捕食性天敌的保护提供了新思路。     

槟榔植株超氧物歧化酶活性,酯酶同工酶的比较

本文对槟榔植株ＳＯＤ活性、酯酶同工酶进行了比较分析,测定结果明明：⑴ＳＯＤ活性表现为成熟果明显高于青果６３．５１％,青果明显高于幼果２１３．７６％,花粉＞雌花＞雄花＞花梗;⑵不同产地、不同器官的彘酶同工酶、酶含量、酶活性、泳动率（Ｒｆ）及酶带分布状况的变化与生境、部位不同相关密切。     

角类肥蛛体躯不同部位酯酶同工酶的比较分析

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法对角类肥蛛(Lariniodes cornuta)头胸部和腹部的酯酶同工酶酶谱进行了比较分析。结果表明,角类肥蛛的酯酶是单体酶,头胸部和腹部的酯酶酶谱差异显著。腹部的酯酶呈现4个位点:Est-1、Est-2、Est-3、Est-4。Est-1和Est-4位点为纯合基因型,Est-2和Est-3位点为杂合基因型。头胸部的酯酶仅表现出2个位点:Est-2和Est-3,且这2个位点是纯合基因型。不同个体之间头胸部的酯酶没有明显差异,Est-2b和Est-3a可以作为鉴别角类肥蛛的特征酶带;腹部的酯酶则存在明显的个体差异,在Est-2和Est-3位点的基因杂合度为h2=h3=0·4779。由此可见,酯酶同工酶可以作为角类肥蛛遗传变异的分子标记,是研究个体间遗传差异、居群的遗传结构以及种间进化关系的基础。     

三种瘤背豆象幼虫酯酶同工酶的比较研究

本研究采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板型电泳法 ,分析了 3种瘤背豆象属豆象 :绿豆象 Callosobruchuschinensis L.、灰豆象 C.phaseoli ( Gyllenhal)、鹰嘴豆象 C.analis ( Fabricius)幼虫的酯酶同工酶。从酶谱的酶带数、迁移率、酶活性强弱 (酶带染色深浅 )、酶含量 (酶带宽窄 )等方面的比较发现 ,3种瘤背豆象属豆象幼虫的酯酶同工酶酶谱具有明显的差异。由此探讨利用酯酶同工酶电泳法鉴别豆象的可能性     

三种蜘蛛酯酶同工酶的比较研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对狼蛛科的拟水狼蛛、蟹蛛科的三突花蛛和肖蛸科的鳞纹肖蛸3种蜘蛛的酯酶同工酶进行了比较研究。结果表明,不同科的蜘蛛酯酶同工酶种问差异性大并有着明显的种簇特异性,推测它们的酯酶同工酶酶谱中的区带组受不同的基因位点控制,且各自的基因位点数不等;同种蜘蛛的雌蛛和雄蛛之间也有各自的酯酶同工酶谱型,但差异小,其控制基因位点大体相同。这样,我们从分子的水平上讨论了酯酶同工酶的差异性可以用来作为识别物种的附加指标。     

Isozyme gene markers in Vicia faba L.

Summary This study was conducted to assess the genetic basis of the variability observed for the glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), esterase (EST), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isozyme systems in different open-pollinated Vicia faba varieties. Individual plants showing contrasting zymogram patterns were simultaneously selfed and cross-combined. Crossing was unsuccessful in producing progeny, and only selfed progenies were suitable for genetical analysis of isozyme variability. Three zones of GOT activity were made visible. The isozyme of GOT-2 and GOT-3 zones were dimeric and under the control of three alleles at the Got-2 locus and two alleles at the Got-3 locus, respectively. The isozymes of the GOT-1 zone did not show any variability. Three zones of SOD isozyme activity were made visible. The isozymes occurring in the SOD-1 (chloroplastic isozyme form) and SOD-2 (cytosol isozyme form) zones were dimeric and under the control of two alleles at the Sod-1 and Sod-2 loci. The isozyme visualized in the SOD-3 zone (mitochondrial isozyme form) were tetrameric and under the control of two alleles at the Sod-3 locus. Apparently the isozymes made visible in the most anodal esterase zones EST-1, EST-2, and EST-3 were monomeric, and the occurrence of two alleles at each of two different loci explained the variability observed in the EST-2 and EST-3 zones. For MDH, only two five-banded zymogram pattern types were found, and every selfed progeny showed only one of the two zymogram type, indicating that each individual possessed fixed alleles at the loci controlling MDH isozyme. Got-2, Got-3, Sod-1, Sod-2, and Sod-3 appear to be five new isozyme gene markers that can be useful in Vicia faba breeding for linkage study, varietal fingerprinting, outcrossing rate estimate, and indirect selection for quantitative characters.     

菊花不同生长阶段不同器官POD和EST同工酶比较

采用过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)2个酶系统的12个同工酶位点,分析了4个菊花品种营养生长和生殖生长阶段不同器官(嫩叶、老叶、嫩茎、木质化茎)的同工酶变化.结果表明:(1)4个品种共有16种POD酶带,15种EST酶带;(2)菊花的POD和EST具有组织特异性和阶段特异性,其中以嫩叶的酶带最多,其次为老叶,再次为嫩茎,而木质化茎的酶带最少;(3)与生殖生长阶段相比,营养生长阶段的POD酶带更清晰,更整齐,分离更好,但生殖生长阶段的EST同工酶比营养生长阶段的更清晰;(4)营养生长阶段的嫩叶最适合用于菊花POD同工酶分析,而EST同工酶研究宜取生殖生长时期的嫩叶.     

Allozyme variation of nonspecific esterases in Russian sturgeon (Acipenser güldenstädti Brandt

Electrophoresis in 7% polyacrylamide gel was used to analyze nonspecific esterases from different organs and tissues of Russian sturgeon. The basic enzymatic activity was observed the four zymogram zones. In sixteen cases the patterns of isozyme distribution in these zones allowed to consider them as allele systems (14 polymorphic and 2 monomorphic) corresponding to the four structural genes. The observed genotype frequencies of the nine of these systems (EST-1* of brain and intestine; EST-2* of serum and intestine; EST-3* of spleen and kidney; and EST-4* of spleen, brain, and heart) were largely concordant with Hardy-Weinberg proportions for codominant disomic inheritance. Genetic control of other polymorphic systems is unknown, but, high enzymatic activity of these esterases, sufficient for qualitative electrophretic detection, permits utilization of these polymorphisms for phenotypic monitoring of Russian sturgeon populations.     

Esterase profile of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus populations collected from Northern India exhibiting varied susceptibility to deltamethrin

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is an economically important ectoparasite of cattle. Chemical acaricides remain the most practical method for control of these pests. During past two decades there have been increasing reports of resistance development against synthetic pyrethroids in tick populations of this species throughout the world. A study was conducted to determine the level of susceptibility of R. (B.) microplus to deltamethrin collected from different geographical locations of northern India. LPT bioassay results revealed LC(50) values of deltamethrin ranging from 0.035 to 0.00037?% A.I. Esterase profile of the tick larval extracts using native PAGE, revealed 5 bands of esterase activity designated EST-5 to EST-1A. Inhibitory tests recognized EST-1, EST-2 and EST-3 as Acetylcholinesterases (AchEs), EST-4 and EST-5 as Carboxylesterases (CaEs). The band intensity varied between tick populations of various locations, being more intense in case of the resistant populations. An extra band of esterase activity (EST-1A) was obtained in larval extracts of ticks from 3 locations. This increased esterase activity may be involved in the resistance development in these tick populations. Acaricide resistance is a multi-factorial phenomenon, thus other causes of increased resistance like sodium channel mutation and reduced drug penetration (e.g. cuticle thickening) and behavioural changes (e.g. avoiding the pesticides) are to be tested in future in order to confirm the basic cause of the resistance development in these acaricide resistant tick populations.     

金鱼酯酶同工酶的研究——Ⅰ.鲫鱼和红虎头金鱼各组织器官酯酶同工酶的比较

本文采用pH不连续系统聚丙烯酰胺垂直平板电泳方法,对鲫鱼和红虎头金鱼的眼、肝脏、肾脏、肌肉、卵巢(或精巢)、脑和心脏等7种新鲜组织的酯酶(EST)同工酶进行了比较研究。其结果是:鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)和红虎头金鱼(Carassius auratus var.)不仅具有丰富的EST同工酶和组织特异性,而且在它们的各个相应组织之间也显示出差异。表明酯酶同工酶在金鱼种内是有差异的。这对于探讨金鱼种内各品种之间的亲缘关系将是一个很有用的手段。     

Allozyme Variation of Nonspecific Esterases in Russian Sturgeon Acipenser güldenstädti Brandt

Electrophoresis in 7% polyacrylamide gel was used to analyze nonspecific esterases from different organs and tissues of Russian sturgeon. The basic enzymatic activity was observed in four zymogram zones. In sixteen cases the patterns of isozyme distribution in these zones allowed to consider them as allele systems (14 polymorphic and 2 monomorphic) corresponding to the four structural genes. The observed genotype frequencies of the nine of these systems (EST-1* of brain and intestine; EST-2* of serum and intestine; EST-3* of spleen and kidney; and EST-4* of spleen, brain, and heart) were largely concordant with Hardy–Weinberg proportions for codominant disomic inheritance. Genetic control of other polymorphic systems is unknown, but, high enzymatic activity of these esterases, sufficient for qualitative electrophretic detection, permits utilization of these polymorphisms for phenotypic monitoring of Russian sturgeon populations.     

两个雌核发育白鲢群体同工酶分析及遗传标记的确定

取源于武汉两个不同渔场两尾白鲢的卵子,经紫外照射遗传物质失活的鲤鱼精子刺激雌核发育和热休克诱导第二极体保留的基因组操作技术,获得了两个不同的人工雌核发育白鲢群体。采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板电泳技术,分析了这两个不同人工雌核发育白鲢群体(分别称为Hy-G1和Hy-G2)内不同个体的肝脏、肌肉组织以及红细胞中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、酯酶(EST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等几种同工酶的表达谱式,并与普通繁殖的同龄白鲢进行了比较。结果表明,各个雌核发育白鲢群体内不同个体间的酶谱表现出很大程度的一致性,具较高的纯合度,而两个不同雌核发育群体Hy-G1和Hy-G2之间表现有明显差异。特别是肝脏和肌肉组织迁移率较快的酯酶谱带等以其稳定的差异,建议作为区分这两个人工雌核发育白鲢群体的生化遗传标记。       

导入外源DNA对小麦基因表达的影响

用（ＳＤＳ）ＰＡＧＥ对外源豌豆ＤＮＡ导入小麦体的不良变异后代种子蛋白质和酯酶同工酶（ＥＳＴ）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化同工酶（ＰＯＤ）进行分析,发现变异小麦的种子蛋白质消减４个组分带,ＥＳＴ和ＰＯＤ消减２条酶谱带,ＳＯＤ的活性明显降低,并且变异小麦植株的发育生长表型呈现出脆弱,早衰迹象,表明导入外源ＤＮＡ抑制了某些基因的表达,同时分析导致这种负作用的原因。     

辣椒雄性不育系与保持系花药POD、SOD和EST同工酶表达差异研究

利用辣椒质核互作雄性不育材料,采用聚丙酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术,研究了在花药发育不同时期,甜椒和辣椒核质互作雄性不育系及其保持系POD、SOD和EST同工酶的差异.结果表明:不育系与保持系,在花药发育的不同时期POD同工酶表达种类及表达活性之间存在差异,其中甜椒不育系在减数分裂期POD同工酶的活性非常低,辣椒雄性不育系在减数分裂期及花粉成熟期分别多一条POD特征带.不育系与保持系之间SOD同工酶的表达活性及其表达种类无明显差异.在减数分裂期和花粉成熟期,甜椒和辣椒不育系与保持系花药EST同工酶酶带均存在明显的差异.     

香果树体细胞胚胎发生过程中4种同工酶的研究

用非变性聚丙烯凝胶电泳技术对香果树体细胞胚胎发生及形态建成过程中过氧化物酶(POD)、酯酶(EST)、淀粉酶(AMY)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)4种同工酶进行分析.结果表明:香果树体细胞胚胎发生及形态建成过程中,POD、EST、AMY和SOD活性变化与胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体细胞胚的发生发育密切相关.非胚性愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织酶谱差异明显,胚性愈伤组织中EST和AMY同工酶酶带多且活性高,非胚性愈伤组织中缺乏EST和AMY同工酶表达,AMY同工酶可作为胚性细胞分化和发育的重要标志.香果树体细胞胚形态建成过程中,球形胚时期的AMY、POD、EST同_T酶活性最强,表明这一时期生理代谢旺盛,是体细胞胚形态建成的关键时期;POD、AMY和SOD 3种同工酶的酶谱及表达强弱在形态建成的不同时期呈现有规律的变化,可作为香果树体细胞胚发生发育特定时期的参考标记. 与胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体细胞胚的发生发育密切相关.非胚性愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织酶谱差异明显,胚性愈伤组织中EST和AMY同工酶酶带多且活性高,非胚性愈伤组织中缺乏EST和AMY同工酶表达,AMY同工酶町作为胚性细胞分化和发育的重要标志.香果树体细胞胚形态建成过程 ,球形胚时期的AMY、POD、EST同_T酶活性最强,表明这一时期生理代谢旺盛,是体细胞胚形态建成的关键时期;POD、AMY和SOD 3种同工酶的酶谱及表达强弱在形态建成的不同时期呈现有规律的变化,可作为香果树体细胞胚发生发育特定时期的参考标记. 与胚性愈伤组织的诱导及体细胞胚的发生发育密切相关.非胚性愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织