高维混沌降维的投影追踪主分量分析法

一些生理信号,例如脑电是源自于高维混沌系统,因此低维混沌理论和方法不适用于分析这类高维混沌。采用投影追踪主分量分析法（Princiopal Component Analysis based on Projection Pursuit,PP PCA）对高维Lorenz模型系统进行了降维的研究。在用上述方法成功地对线性和非线性噪声－周期模型分别进行了PP PCA分析的基础上,对Lorenz高维混沌系统进行了PPPCA降维的研究。结果表明,正确选用非线性的投影追踪主分量分析法,可以通过简化原系统达到降维的目的,并能保留研究所关心的原系统的主要动态特性。同时也阐明了方法的稳定性和将该方法应用于高维脑电降维的可行性。     

婴儿痉挛症脑干信息传导障碍的混沌学研究

婴儿痉挛症（Infantile Spasms,IS）是婴幼儿难治性癫痫。IS的发病机理至今也不清楚,目前比较一致的假说是：脑干是IS的责任结构,但该假说不能用神经生理学的传统方法来证实。从信息学的角度,婴儿弃挛症的发病机制可能是源自脑干神经信息传递障碍的脑干功能失调,为了证实这一论点,用可以反遇脑干传导功能的听觉诱发响应的相关维数,来评估脑干神经信息传导不同的功能状态,经过对IS患者、颞叶癫痫患者和健康人三个组的结果比较分析,表明IS患者脑干听觉诱发响应的相关维数明显低下,而颞叶癫痫患者该相关维数在颞叶病灶处最低。以上结果,证实了IS患者脑干神经信息传导功能障碍的存在。     

听觉诱发脑电小波分量的混沌研究——婴儿痉挛症认知功能障碍的机制探讨

通过对婴幼儿期难治性癫痫———婴儿痉挛症(infantile spasms, IS)听觉诱发脑电细貌混沌特性的研究,探讨与IS相伴的认知功能障碍的发生机制。研究方法是分别记录IS组及正常对照组对象的听觉诱发脑电,经Mexihat连续小波变换后,分别计算信号各尺度小波分量的相关维数。结果表明IS组与正常对照组的各小波分量相关维数的差别主要表现在小波的第3尺度分量上(频带范围是32~64 Hz,主要为γ频带范围),在这个尺度上正常组相关维数明显低于IS组(P<0.05)。相关维数的降低意味着大脑活动自由度的减少,表明大脑的各单元耦合加强。因为正常组脑干内信息传递通道完好,使得大脑各个单元之间的信息耦合较强; IS组则由于脑干功能的异常,存在神经信息传递障碍,进而影响到脑干及其与大脑各个局部之间的信息耦合。小波第3尺度处于较高频率范围(γ频带范围),而在大脑皮层上的基频信号与听觉调频信号经加工后所产生的神经信号正在这一频率范围,且这一信号与大脑高级认知功能密切相关。因此,IS患者γ频带细貌信号的相关维数高于正常值,能够解释IS认知功能发生障碍的原因。     

基于混沌理论的河流藻类生长特性分析——以德国易北河为例

针对藻类生长具有高度非线性特征和实际采样样本间隔稀疏的问题,采用了混沌理论对采样序列的混沌特征量进行估计。采用C-C方法估计时间序列的嵌入维和延迟时间,采用G-P算法对关联维进行估计,并采用小数据量法估计最大Lyapunov指数,最终可实现对最长可预测时长的估计。以易北河为例,对易北河水体叶绿素a 1997年至2001年间各年的观测序列进行了混沌分析,分析结果表明,各年的叶绿素a观测序列均具有低维混沌特性,关联维D=2.75—4.02,各年的叶绿素a序列的最长预测时间变化范围为8.01—18.94d,平均为13.98d(约2周)。采用同样方法对5a易北河连续日径流量时间序列分析表明,该径流量也具有低维混沌特性(最大Lyapunov指数λ1=0.0125),径流量的最长预测时间估计约为80d。气候因素的混沌特性对藻类生长表现出的混沌特征的影响可能要大于径流量等水文因素的影响。     

混沌在神经系统中的作用

随着非线性动力学的发展,发现神经的不规则电活动具有确定混沌特性。混沌广泛地存在于神经系统,神经元的混沌电活动对神经元的生理功能必不可少,服电的混沌活动特性与大脑的功能状态密切相关,在大脑正常状态下脑电混沌活动的维数、李雅普指数、复杂度等指标较高;而在服功能受损的病理状态下,上述混沌指标降低。混沌在神经系统中起着重要的作用。     

EEG动力学模型中混沌现象的研究

通过对脑电图（electroencephalogram,EEG）动力学模型模拟出的EEG信号的相图、分岔图、功率谱、关联维数和Lyapunov指数的对比研究,得出如下结论：1）该模型是按周期行为与混沌现象交替出现的间歇突发通向混沌的,且该间歇性与Hopf分岔、倍周期分岔和逆分岔有关;2）支持了EEG中存在混沌运动的观点。     

蛋白质序列混沌特性的研究

为了研究蛋白质序列的特性,首先采用非线性预测方法,得到蛋白质序列的总体误差平均值图。并通过与随机序列,混沌序列的总体误差平均值图相比较,发现蛋白质序列有别于随机序列,和混沌序列很相似,则猜测蛋白质序列具有混沌特性。为了验证该猜测,将蛋白质序列通过混沌随机游走描述方法转化为时间序列,并计算其最大Lyapunov指数。在选取的时间延迟和嵌入维数下,每类蛋白质序列的最大Lyapunov指数都大于零,从而得出蛋白质序列具有混沌特性的结论。     

铅染毒大鼠脑电信号的分形特性研究

利用混沌时间序列的分析方法,对铅中毒情况下的大鼠的脑电波进行了测试和分析,求出了其分形维数。从研究结果中得出了铅中毒情况与脑电信号的分形维数之间的关系,结果表明,铅中毒会引起脑电信号的分形维数的显著变化。通过这一工作,能够为临床上重金属中毒的早期诊断提供新的方便、灵敏的指标。     

基于混沌理论的蛋白质序列特性的研究

蛋白质序列特性的研究对于蛋白质的结构及功能具有重要意义。该文为了研究蛋白质序列是否具有混沌行为,先将蛋白质序列通过氨基酸电子离子相互作用势(electron interaction potential,EIIP)转化为时间序列,再根据混沌理论对其进行相空间重构,利用去偏自相关系数,经典G-P算法确定系统的时间延迟t和嵌入维数m,系统的最大Lyapunov指数则用改进的最大Lyapunov指数计算方法计算,其结果绝大多数为正,从而确认了蛋白质时间序列的混沌行为,并对特例进行了说明。     

基于估计熵确定心率变异信号中动力噪声强度

目前普遍的观点认为心率变异信号是确定性低维混沌系统产生的,同时该系统受到大量生理噪声的影响。研究了观测噪声和动力噪声对低维混沌系统的影响,提出了一种基于复杂性度量动力噪声强度刻划方法,表明随着动力噪声强度的增加,系统的复杂程度增加。该方法不需要对动力学系统完全重建,并对观测噪声具有一定鲁棒性。最后利用３类共５３只狗的心电图,每只狗的心电数据为１０００个Ｒ－Ｒ间期的微分序列检验了该算法。分析表明,估计出的动力噪声强度与不同的心脏功能状态相关联     

STOCHASTIC RESONANCE MEASURED BY THEMUTUAL INFORMATION IN THE NEURONSTHAT TRANSMIT CHAOTIC SPIKE TRAINS

The spike trains generated by a neuron model are studied by the methods of nonlinear time series analysis. The results show that the spike trains are chaotic. To investigate effect of noise on transmission of chaotic spike trains, this chaotic spike trains are used as a discrete subthreshold input signal to the integrate-and-fire neuronal model and the FitzHugh-Nagumo(FHN) neuronal model working in noisy environment. The mutual information between the input spike trains and the output spike trains is calculated, the result shows that the transformation of information encoded by the chaotic spike trains is optimized by some level of noise, and stochastic resonance(SR) measured by mutual information is a property available for neurons to transmit chaotic spike trains.     

STOCHASTIC RESONANCE MEASURED BY THEMUTUAL INFORMATION IN THE NEURONSTHAT TRANSMIT CHAOTIC SPIKE TRAINS

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N-Bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate as a probe for the identification of a liver microsomal glucose-6-phosphate transporter peptide in rats and Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice

Hepatic microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase is a multicomponent system composed of substrate/product translocases and a catalytic subunit. Previously we (Foster et al. (1996) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 12, 244-254) demonstrated that N-bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate (BAEP) is a time-dependent, irreversible inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate hydrolysis in intact but not disrupted microsomes. We proposed that BAEP manifests its inhibitory effect by binding with a glucose-6-phosphate translocase protein of the glucose-6-phosphatase system. Here we provide additional evidence that BAEP inhibits glucose-6-phosphate transport in microsomal vesicles and utilize [(32)P]BAEP as an affinity label in the identification of a glucose-6-phosphate transport protein. In this study, we identify 51-kDa rat and mouse liver microsomal proteins involved in glucose-6-phosphate transport into and out of microsomal vesicles by utilizing (1) an Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mouse model, which displays a decreased sensitivity to the time-dependent inhibitory effect of BAEP, and (2) another glucose-6-phosphate translocase inhibitor, tosyl-lysine chloromethyl ketone, in conjunction with [(32)P]BAEP as an affinity label.     

The auditory evoked potentials of the brain stem in the guinea pig

The examination of the standard waves' amplitude and latency of the brain stem auditory evoked response (BAEP) was performed in 20 guinea pigs (males and females, weighing 250 to 300 g). According with the relative loudness of stimuli (90, 70, 50, 30, 10 dB SPL), the latency of BAEP waves was larger (t1 = 0.2 msec), but the conductance time between P1 to P5 was constant (3.1 to 3.6 msec). The highest wave of BAEP was P2 with an amplitude: 90 dB SPL, U = 6.5 +/- 1.2 microV; 70 dB SPL, U = 4.3 +/- 1.0 microV; 50 dB SPL, U = 3.5 +/- 0.6 microV; 30 dB SPL, U = 2.0 +/- 0.4 microV.     

Missing chaos in global climate change data interpreting?

The main problem of ecological data modeling is their interpretation and its correct understanding. This problem cannot be solved solely by a big data collection. To sufficiently understand ecosystems we need to know how these processes behave and how they respond to internal and external factors. Similarly, we need to know the behavior of processes that are involved in the climate system and the biosphere of the earth. In order to characterize precisely the behavior of individual elements and ecosystems we need to use deterministic, stochastic and chaotic behavior. Unfortunately, the chaotic part of systems is typically completely ignored in almost all approaches. Ignoring of chaotical part leads to many biased outcomes. To overcome this gap we model chaotic system behavior by random iterated function system which provides a generic guideline for such data management. This also allows to replicate a complexity and chaos of ecosystem.     

电码针对庆大霉素耳中毒的防治作用及其机制的研究

目的：观察电码针对豚鼠庆大霉素（GE）耳毒性的防治作用,方法：测定脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）和用组织化学方法测定耳蝇毛细胞及血管纹的琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）。结果：电针能降低CE引起的BAEP反应阈的上升幅度,缩小BAEP波峰潜伏期及波峰间期的延长;能保护毛细胞及耳蜗血管纹细胞线粒体呼吸酶的活性。结论：电针能降低GE5的耳毒性,保护毛细胞及耳蜗血管纹细胞线粒体酶的活性。保证这些细胞能量代谢,维持细胞所需要能量的各种功能的活动。减少细胞的损伤,可能有是电针防治GE耳毒性的机制之一。     

Non-linear and linear forecasting of the EEG time series

The method of non-linear forecasting of time series was applied to different simulated signals and EEG in order to check its ability of distinguishing chaotic from noisy time series. The goodness of prediction was estimated, in terms of the correlation coefficient between forecasted and real time series, for non-linear and autoregressive (AR) methods. For the EEG signal both methods gave similar results. It seems that the EEG signal, in spite of its chaotic character, is well described by the AR model.     

脑干听觉诱发电位与后循环TIA及脑干梗死的相关性研究

目的:研究脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)与后循环短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)及脑干梗死的相关性。方法:选取我院收治的后循环TIA患者46例作为TIA组,选取同期收治的脑干梗死患者44例作为脑干梗死组,选取同期健康体检者49例作为健康组,TIA组和脑干梗死组均在发病后1周内进行BAEP检查,健康体检者在体检时进行BAEP检查,比较3组的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波的潜伏期(PL)及Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ波峰间的潜伏期(IPL)。结果:TIA组BAEP异常率71.74%,脑干梗死组BAEP异常率56.82%,健康组BAEP异常率24.49%,TIA组患者BAEP异常率高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑干梗死组BAEP异常率高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。TIA组患者PL的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ水平均高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。TIA组患者IPL的Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ水平均高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑干梗死组患者PL的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ水平均高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑干梗死组患者IPL的Ⅰ-Ⅲ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ、Ⅰ-Ⅴ水平均高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑干梗死组患者IPL与PL均明显高于TIA组(P0.05)。结论:BAEP与后循环TIA及脑干梗死存在相关性,并且较为敏感,是优秀的诊断方法之一。     

电针对庆大霉素耳毒性的预防作用

目的和方法 :本实验用耳廓反射 (PR)、脑干听觉诱发电位 (BAEP)、组织化学方法 ,观察电针疗法对豚鼠庆大霉素 (GE)耳毒性的防治作用 ,并探讨其机制。结果 :电针疗法能降低GE引起的PR阈值和BAEP反应阈的上移幅度及BAEP波峰潜伏期和波峰间期的延长 ,能维持毛细胞溶酶体的完整 ,防止毛细胞的自溶性破坏。结论 :电针疗法有对抗GE耳毒性作用。维持耳蜗毛细胞内溶酶体完整 ,防止溶酶体内水解酶的逸出而发生细胞自溶 ,可能是电针疗法的作用机制之一。     

Brain-stem evoked potentials and noise effects in seagulls

Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) recorded from the seagull were large-amplitude, short-latency, vertex-positive deflections which originate in the eighth nerve and several brain-stem nuclei. BAEP waveforms were similar in latency and configurations to that reported for certain other lower vertebrates and some mammals. BAEP recorded at several pure tone frequencies throughout the seagull's auditory spectrum showed an area of heightened auditory sensitivity between 1 and 3 kHz. This range was also found to be the primary bandwidth of the vocalization output of young seagulls. Masking by white noise and pure tones had remarkable effects on several parameters of the BAEP. In general, the tone- and click-induced BAEP were either reduced or obliterated by both pure tone and white noise maskers of specific signal to noise ratios and high intensity levels. The masking effects observed in this study may be related to the manner in which seagulls respond to intense environmental noise. One possible conclusion is that intense environmental noise, such as aircraft engine noise, may severely alter the seagull's localization apparatus and induce sonogenic stress, both of which could cause collisions with low-flying aircraft.