注意对动态图形脑诱发电成分的影响及脑定位研究

该文的主要目的是研究对运动形成图形（动态图形）注意所引起的ＥＲＰ的反应。在实验中,被试只注意在一侧视野呈现的动态刺激图形,并对倾斜的条状刺激作反应。主要实验结果为：１．空间选择性注意使得早期ＥＲＰ成分Ｐ１和Ｎ１的幅度增大;２．注意也使得晚期成分Ｎ２的幅度增大,脑地形图和低分辨率断层成象（ＬＯＲＥＴＡ）的结果一致显示,ｄＮ２成分（注意状态的Ｎ２减去非注意状态的Ｎ２）位于右侧枕颞区。ｄＮ２成分的时间过程和分布说明它是一种选择负波,反映了注意对发生于右侧枕颞区的运动形成图形处理过程的加强和易化。     

提高外淋巴钙浓度对耳蜗电位的影响

本实验以人工外淋巴灌流方式,提高豚鼠耳蜗外淋巴液钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ＰＬ）,观察蜗内直流电位（ＥＰ）和耳蜗电图（ＥＣｏｃｈＧ）的变化,ＥＣｏｃｈＧ包括听神经复合动作电位（ＣＡＰ）、耳蜗微音电位（ＣＭ）。结果可见：高钙灌流明显抑制ＣＡＰ幅值,延长同一声强下（９０ｄＢＳＰＬ）Ｎ１－峰潜伏期,但不改变ＣＭ的幅值及总和ＥＰ（Ｇ－ＥＰ）。高钙灌流降低了ＥＰ对噪声的给－撤声反应（ＥＰ－ＯＮ,ＥＰ－ＯＦＦ）和缺氧所得到的最大负ＥＰ（Ｎ－ＥＰ）绝对值。本文分析了外淋巴高钙影响耳蜗电位的可能机制。     

表达新城疫病毒F48E8株融合蛋白基因的重组鸡痘病毒及其免？…

将将城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）Ｆ４８Ｅ８株融合蛋白基因导入鸡痘病毒（ＦＰＶ）插入载体ｐＥＧＦ１１７５－１的Ｐ７．５启动子下游,得到转移载体ｐＦＧ１１７５－１重组质粒。采用脂质体转染技术,将该质粒转染ＦＰＶ２８２Ｅ株感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ）。,经过多次蓝斑筛选纯化,获稳定的重组病毒ｒＦＰＶ－ＮＤＦ。间接免疫荧光试验表明,ｒＦＰＶ－ＮＤＦ感染的ＣＥＦ中表达了ＮＤＶ的融合蛋白。用ｒＦＰＶ－ＮＤＦ免疫的ＳＦ     

离体运动神经元对腹外侧索刺激的突触反应特征

应用新片大鼠脊髓薄片运动神经元细胞内记录技术,对电刺激腹外侧索诱发的突触反应进行了电生理特性分析。结果在２８个测试的ＭＮ中,２２人有兴奋性突触后电位反应,其中２个跟随在抑制性突触反应这后,６个还对单或串刺激产生慢ＥＰＳＰ反应;ＶＬＦ－ＥＰＳＰ的潜伏期频数分布呈峰坡性偏态;同－ＭＮ的ＶＬＦ－ＥＰＳＰ与腹根ＥＰＳＰ间有典型的空间总和。     

贵州两种一变种缬草属植物染色体研究

贵州两种一变种缬草属植物染色体研究陈训１巫华美１刘朝辉１冯芳２（１贵州省生物研究所,贵阳５５０００９）（２贵州省植物园,贵阳５５０００１）ＡＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＣＨＲＯＭＯＳＯＭＥＯＦＴＷＯＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＡＮＤＯＮＥＶＡＲＩＥＴＩＥＳＯＦＶＡＬＥＲＩＡＮＡ...     

迷走神经兴奋对HRV的影响及其机制的初步分析

实验在氯醛糖加氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉的新西兰兔上进行。记录血压、心率、心电图和心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）频谱分析。电刺激减压神经（ＤＮ）,疑核（ＮＡ）和右侧迷走神经（ＲＶ）外周端,均引起心率和血压下降（Ｐ＜０．００１）,总变异性（ＴＶ）、低频成分（ＬＦ）、高频成分（ＨＦ）、ＬＦ／ＨＦ比值（ＬＦ／ＨＦ）和极低频成分（ＶＬＦ）增大（Ｐ＜０．０５－０．００１）。静脉注射阿托品可使上述反应显著减小（Ｐ＜０．０５－０．０１）,而静脉注射心得安仅可阻断ＤＮ和ＮＡ所致ＬＦ的增大（Ｐ＜０．０５）。以上结果表明：迷走神经是ＨＲＶ的主要调节者之一;ＨＦ由迷走神经单独介导;ＬＦ受迷走神经和交感神经共同调制;迷走神经参与ＶＬＦ波的形成     

铝对玉米生长和硝酸还原酶活性的影响

测定了生长在Ａｌ２（ＳＯ４）３１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ氮素营养液中的两个玉米品种（ＳＣ７０４和ＶＡ３５的根系和叶片）的ＮＡＤＨ－硝酸还原酶（ＥＣ１．６．６．１）和ＮＡＤ（Ｐ）Ｈ－硝酸还原酶（ＥＣ１．６．６．２）活性。     

对刺激朝向改变的自动加工:事件相关电位的证据

利用事件相关电位（ＥＲＰ）技术,探讨非注意状态的刺激朝向改变是否引起自动加工。刺激为具有一定朝向（垂直和水平各５０％）和一定空间频率（低频９０％,高频１０％）的光栅。要求被试忽略光栅朝向,对高频光栅作反应。刺激呈现时间为５０ｍｓ,刺激间隔在２５０至４５０ｍｓ之间随机变化。低频光栅刺激被分为两类,“匹配”（与前一刺激朝向相同）和“失匹配”（与前一刺激朝向不同）。结果发现,失匹配刺激比匹配刺激诱发出更大的枕区Ｐ１、更大的前额－中央区Ｎ１以及更大的前部与顶区Ｐ２,但前部与顶区的Ｎ２却更小。这些ＥＲＰｓ变化提示,视觉对非注意的刺激朝向变化进行了一定程度的自动加工;视觉通道可能存在类似听觉失匹配负波（ＭＭＮ）的、然而机制不同的自动加工成分     

慢波睡眠的激素与细胞因子调节

慢波睡眠（ＳＷＳ）是最重要的睡眠成分。近年来的研究揭示：腹外侧视前区－结节乳头核（ＶＬＰＯ－ＴＭＮ）可能是睡眠－觉醒的中枢发生部位。基底前脑吻端前列腺素Ｄ２（ＰＧＤ２）敏感性睡眠促进区（ＰＧＤ２－ＳＰＺ）参与睡眠的皖控。ＰＧＤ２延长ＳＷＳ;前列腺素Ｅ２（ＰＧＥ２）延长觉醒,抑制ＳＷＳ和快动眼睡眠（ＲＥＭＳ）。ＳＷＳ与下丘脑－垂体－肾上腺皮质轴的活动呈负相关,与生长激素的分泌呈正相关。褪黑素（ｍｅｌ     

EB病毒LMP1在鼻咽癌细胞中调控核转录因子κB活性研究

为了探讨ＥＢ病毒潜伏膜蛋白１（ＬＭＰ１）的致瘤机制,对鼻咽癌细胞中ＬＭＰ１通过核转录因子ｋＢ（ＮＦｋＢ）介导的信号传导途径在鼻咽癌变中的意义进行了研究。利用ＬＭＰ１受四环素衍生物强力霉素诱导表达的鼻咽癌细胞Ｔｅｔ－ｏｎ－ＬＭＰ１ＨＮＥ２,通过ＮＦｋＢ报道基因分析法、凝胶迁移率分析（ＥＭＳＡ）及细胞集落形成率等方法,结合硫代磷酸反义寡核苷酸阻断技术,证实ＬＭＰ１增强鼻咽癌细胞ＮＦｋＢ的ＤＮＡ结合活性     

Characteristics of spinal cord-evoked responses in man

The averaged electrical potentials evoked by the stimulation of the peripheral nerves were recorded with surface electrodes over the lumbosacral, lower thoracic and cervical spine and with epidurally placed electrodes in the cervical area. The waveforms of the lumbosacral and cervical spinal cord potentials show similar complexity reflecting peripheral and central generators. The larger negative wave with at least two components is followed by a slower positive deflection. Evoked potentials recorded over the cervical segments of the spinal cord with epidural electrodes are of much higher amplitude and more complex waveform than those recorded with surface electrodes.     

Human Electroretinal Responses to Grating Patterns and Defocus Changes by Global Flash Multifocal Electroretinogram

The electrical response of the retina was examined as a function of retinal region, using stimuli of various spatial frequencies in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the regional response of the retina to defocus at high and low spatial frequencies was investigated. Twenty three subjects were recruited for global flash multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in experiment 1. Black and white gratings (printed on plastic transparent sheets) of four spatial frequencies (SF), 0.24, 1.2, 2.4 and 4.8 cycle per degree were presented in front of the mfERG stimulation. The amplitudes and implicit times of the direct (DC) and induced (IC) components of mfERG responses were pooled into six concentric rings for analysis. There was low amplitude DC at low SF, which increased with increasing SF, and which decreased with increasing eccentricity. The IC was high in amplitude at all SF and reduced in amplitude with increasing eccentricity. Our findings suggested that outer and inner retina had different characteristics in processing spatial details. In experiment 2, Twenty-three young adults were recruited for mfERG measurement. The retinal electrical responses for low (0.24cpd) and high (4.8cpd) SF under fully corrected conditions of short-term negative defocus (-2D) and short term positive defocus (+2D) conditions were measured. There was a sign-dependent response to defocus in the DC response, mainly in peripheral regions. The sign dependent response at low SF was more obvious than that at high SF, and was located more peripherally. The IC response showed no clear trends for either defocus condition. The human retina seems to have a decoding system for optical defocus, which was tuned for low spatial frequency, and was located in the retinal near periphery.     

前部缺血性视神经病变患者图形视觉诱发电位与视功能改变的关系及其临床意义

目的:探究前部缺血性视神经病变(AION)患者图形视觉诱发电位(P-VEP)检查结果与预后间的关系。方法:选择2016年12月-2019年12月于我院就诊并确诊的AION患者作为研究对象,入院后接受综合治疗,治疗后评估患者的视功能,评价患者的治疗效果,采用相关性分析探究患者入院后P-VEP检查结果与经治疗后患者视功能改善值间的相关性。结果:研究组15'棋盘格和60'棋盘格P100波潜伏时均高于对照组,P100波振幅均低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后3个月AION患者最佳矫正视力和视野平均敏感度(MS)高于治疗前,视野平均缺失值(MD)低于治疗前,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。AION患者治疗前后视力差值与15'棋盘格P100波振幅呈正相关,视野MD差值和视野MS差值与P-VEP四项反应值不具有相关性。结论:P-VEP检查结果 15'棋盘格P100波振幅与患者视力改善差值间存在显著的正相关性,可提示患者视功能恢复程度及预后。     

Interactions of human cord dorsum potential.

The slow positive wave (P2 wave) of the evoked spinal electrogram was recorded from the posterior epidural space in wakeful man, and studied by applying several modes of peripheral nerve stimulation. With graded stimulation the P2 wave amplitude rapidly reached the maximum at weaker stimulation than that required for the initially positive spikes (P1) and the preceding negative (N1) wave. The "second" component of the P2 appeared during stronger stimulation or during excitemenpt of the subjects. With prolonged repetitive stimulation the P2 wave increased its duration with several summits on the decaying phase. Two interactions were observed between the P2 waves produced by conditioning and testing stimulations in the same or different nerves: inhibition or occlusion by strong stimulation and faciliation by weak stimulation. Thus, the characteristic of the P2 wave in man was similar in part to that of the positive wave observed in decerebrate animals, and differnt in other ways presumably due to influences from supraspinal structures or species differences.     

幼猫单眼视剥夺和反缝过程中显示的双眼竞争机制

本研究以光栅为刺激所同时产生的图形视觉诱发电位和图形视网膜电图为指标,测定了单眼视剥夺和缝的新生幼猫个体在发育不同阶段的空间频率调谐曲线,并与同龃正常猫,成年正常猫进行了比较研究。结果显示,在０．１２－１．５ｃ／ｄ空间频率范围内,正常幼猫单独刺激其左眼和右眼所驱动的Ｐ－ＶＥＰ振幅相近,但都明显地比双眼驱动的为小。在单眼剥夺的幼猫,由剥夺眼所驱动的Ｐ－ＶＥＰ振幅大幅度下降,健康眼所驱动的Ｐ－ＶＥＰ则     

Changes in the electroretinogram and rhodopsin content in hunter rats during the development of hereditary degeneration of the retina

Changes in the electroretinogram were studied and the rhodopsin content determined in the retina and optic cup of Hunter rats during development of hereditary degeneration of the retina. Changes in the rhodopsin content in the retina and optic cup were found to take place differently in time. The content of visual pigment in the optic cup increased until the 45th day, and then it fell slowly; in the retina it increased until the 25th day and fell sharply after the 35th day after birth. The amplitude of the electroretinogram recorded during stimulation of all intensities from threshold to saturating fell steadily from the 17th to the 35th day; later a sharp fall in the amplitude of the response to weak stimulation with disappearance of thea wave of the electroretinogram took place. The 35th day is thus the critical period in the development of the disease. The possible role of disturbances of rhodopsin resynthesis in the phenomena observed is discussed.I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Research Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 527–531, September–October, 1977.     

单眼远视性弱视儿童P-VEP检查的临床研究

目的:分析单眼远视性弱视儿童图形视觉诱发电位(P-VEP)检查情况,探讨外周发病机制,为临床诊疗提供依据。方法:选取2013年1月到2015年10月我院收治的单眼远视性弱视儿童75例(75只眼),另选取同期正常儿童32例(64只眼)为对照组,根据病情将弱视儿童分为轻度(A组)和对侧健眼组(B组),中度(C组)和对侧健眼组(D组),重度(E组)和对侧健眼组(F组),应用P-VEP检查各组P100波及振幅。结果:A组、C组、E组P100波潜伏期较B组、D组、F组和对照组延长(P0.05),振幅较B组、D组、F组和对照组降低(P0.05),A组、C组和、E组P100波潜伏期和振幅比较具有统计学意义(P0.05),B组、D组、F组P100波潜伏期与对照组无统计学意义(P0.05),B组、D组、F组振幅显著低于对照组(P0.05),B组、D组、F组P100波潜伏期和振幅比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:单眼远视性弱视儿童弱视眼会出现P100波潜伏期延长,振幅降低,对侧健康眼会出现振幅降低。     

Changes in Bioelectric Activity in the Human Retina after Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

The human electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded before and after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the region of the cortical link of the visual analyzer. TMS at the frequency of 5 Hz in the projection of the cortical link of the visual analyzer significantly increased the amplitude of the ERG b wave; this was most likely associated with changes in the state of neurons of the central links of the visual analyzer, which enter the retina with efferent fibers of the optic nerve and are actively involved in lateral inhibition.     

Parallel processing of binocular disparity in the cat's retinogeniculocortical pathways

In the cat, parallel streams of information processing have been traced from X-, Y- and W-type retinal ganglion cells to visual cortical areas 17 (X-, Y- and W-type), 18 (Y-type) and 19 (W-type). In the present study we have examined, in the anaesthetized and paralysed adult cat, the role played by X-, Y- and W-subsystems, projecting to areas 17 and 19, in the processing of binocular retinal disparity. The tapetal reflection technique was used to monitor residual eye movements and to provide a map, for each eye, of the retinal blood vessels which could later be compared with retinal wholemounts stained with cresyl violet to reveal the area centralis. The receptive-field disparities of cells recorded from areas 17 and 19 were compared with each other and with reference to the visual axes defined by the area centralis of each eye. Cells of area 19 (receiving W-type input) had horizontal receptive-field disparities that were significantly more divergent than those of the cells in area 17 and 17-18 'border region'. Referred to the area centralis, the mean horizontal receptive-field disparity in area 19 was -0.5 degrees (+/- 0.8 degrees). The mean horizontal receptive-field disparity of area 17 (receiving X-, Y- and W-type input) was convergent with respect to the visual axis at +2 degrees (+/- 0.5 degrees). Finally, the mean horizontal receptive-field disparity of the cells in the 17-18 border region (which receive mainly Y-type input) was even more convergent (2.6 degrees +/- 1.5 degrees) than that of area 17. Binocular interactions of cortical neurons were tested with the Risley biprism technique. Area 19 cells had maximal responses to binocular stimulation when the receptive-field disparities were either close to zero or slightly divergent. In contrast, area 17 cells tended to respond optimally to disparities that were either slightly or strongly convergent. At the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus there were significant differences between the receptive-field disparities inferred from the comparison of receptive-field positions of adjacent neurons recorded on either side of the border between the A and A1 geniculate laminae and those inferred from a similar comparison at the C1-C2 border. The mean horizontal disparities inferred from the interlaminar comparison at the A-A1 border were +2.1 degrees (+/- 0.3 degrees); those inferred from the interlaminar comparison at the C1-C2 border -0.2 (+/- 0.2 degrees) were more divergent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Responses of retinal rods of the frog to light

To study the effect of the intensity, duration, spectral composition, and diameter of the light spot on the amplitude and shape of the response of single rods of the frog retina, potentials were recorded intracellularly. The rods tested could be divided into two groups on the basis of their responses to light spots of different spectral composition: those with maxima of sensitivity at 507 ± 8 nm and 442 ± 8 nm. With an increase in the intensity of light the response amplitude rose gradually and the time for the response to rise to its maximum was shortened. A bright flash temporarily inhibited the sensitivity of the cell to subsequent test flashes. If light spots of larger diameter (1000–1500 µ) were presented a delayed depolarization wave, due to illumination of the distant surroundings of the receptor, was observed in the course of recovery of the photic response; this effect was maximal for stimulation with red light and it was evidently induced by horizontal cell activity. The possible functional role of the depolarizing effect of illumination of the distant surroundings of the receptor is discussed.M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 84–92, January–February, 1975.