遗传学双语教学探讨

遗传学双语教学是一个全新的教学研究领域。介绍了几种国外英语原版遗传学教材和教学参考书,并对遗传学双语教学方法进行了探讨。 Abstract:Bilingual teaching of genetics is a new teaching research area.This papper introduces a number of texts of genetics in English,and outlines principles of bilingual teaching of genetics.     

遗传学CAI教学软件的研制开发及在教学中的应用

文从软件的研制开发背景、目标制定以及课件在遗传学教学中的应用等方面,论述了“遗传学CAI教学软件的研制开发”的教学改革思想、教学设计、软件的研制程序及其在遗传学教学中的综合运用,有其独到之处。 Abstract：From such aspects as development background, objecti ve formulation and application in genetic teaching, we discuss the educational r eform spirit that embodied in the “Development of Genetic CAI Teaching Software ”, the teaching design and the development of the software. We conclude that it s synthetic application in genetic teaching is feasible and original.     

遗传学的发展与遗传学教学改革诌议

本文概述了遗传学的最近发展及其对遗传学教学提出的新问题。针对面临的问题,从遗传学教学的目标、要求及几大分支的内容处理等方面的改革提出了作者的观点,根据教学与市场的关系提出教学改革的初步意见。 Abstract：New questions are now put forward to genetics teaching by the advance of genetics recently,and summarized in this discussion. According to relation between market requirement and education,the author suggested tentative proposal of reforming genetics teaching and improving contents of main parts in genetics.     

遗传学教学中的学习策略和教学策略探讨

本文从“学会生存”——终身教育和学习社会化的观念出发,站在学生学习的立场上,对遗传学教学中的注意、归纳、组织、精加工、解题等学习策略和学习任务分析、程序性教学策略进行了探讨,旨在引导学生学会学习,使学习策略融于教学策略之中,从而提高教学效率与质量。 Discussion of Learning and Instructional Strategies on Genetics Teaching ZHANG Jian-long,PAN Wei-huai Biology Depantment,Shaoxing College of Arts and Science,Zhejiang Shaoxing 312000,China Abstract:This paper attempts to explore learning and teaching strategies,such as,attention,classification,organization,provoke-thinking,problem-solving,and learning-based task analysis and programmed teaching strategies in genetics teaching on the basis of the concept of lifelong education and struggle for existence.It aims at teaching students how to study and at the same time improve teaching efficiency. Key words：genetics teaching; learning strategies; instructional strategies     

浅谈遗传规律教学中的几个问题

本文在遗传学教学内容和教学方法改革方面作了一些探讨,认为改革的方向应符合“深化教育改革、全面推进素质教育”的指导思想。主要采取了下列措施：（1）压缩教材中的一般内容,突出重点和难点,保证其讲授时间;（2）打破章节界限,将相关的内容联系在一起讲授;（3）注意启发式教学,克服和纠正“填鸭式”教学,培养学生创新精神;（4）让学生参与课堂内外教学,使学生掌握学习方法;（5）讲清关键、前后联系、比较异同、加深理解。这些措施达到了预期效果,受到学生好评。 Abstract：This paper makes some approaches in the teaching contents of genetics and the reform of teaching methods.It agrees that the direction of reform should correspond to the education and to develop diathesis education comprehensively.Five measures have been taken.(1)To reduce the general contents,meanwhile to emphasize the important and difficult contents and assure the teaching time .(2)Not to consider the scope of chapters and connect the relative contents when teaching.(3)To use the method of implication and overcome the methods of stuffing the students as to cultivate the students with creativity.(4)To let students take part in the teaching both in and out of class as to make them master learning methods.(5)To make clear the key problems and to find the same and different points of the similar things as to make students understand it deeply.These measures have received the expected effect and are welcomed by the students.     

两个基因座位的遗传平衡原理

由于许多教科书中关于连锁平衡的介绍,多是引用结论或是推导不太严谨,使学生在学习群体遗传学时对理解连锁平衡的原理感到困难。本文从遗传平衡的基本条件出发,通过较严谨的数学推导,介绍了两个基因座的连锁平衡条件、平衡过程等原理,供教师和学生在群体遗传学教学中参考。Abstract: Because linkage equilibrium is introduced by directly quoting the conclusions or imprecise mathematical reasoning in most of textbooks, many students are puzzled with the problem of linkage equilibrium when they learn population genetics. Based on the radical conditions of genetic equilibrium, the principle of linkage equilibrium condition and process, for two gene loci is introduced by precise mathematical reasoning. The article may provide reference to teachers and students in the teaching and learning of population genetics.     

黑腹果蝇杂交实验的教学改革

本文介绍关于黑腹果蝇杂交实验的一次教学改革尝试。讨论遗传学实验教学中,如何由常规的“验证性”教学改变为启发式的“发现式”教学,在本实验教学中,学生处于主导地位,自己选择实验组合,提出实验设计方案,独立完成实验内容;教师只是协助学生完成其实验内容。这种教学方法,充分发挥学生学习的主动性,培养学生独立思考和实际操作能力,激发学生的学习兴趣。 Abstract:The paper is concerned about a teaching and learning reform of hybridization experiment of Drosophila melanogaster.In the teaching of genetic experiment,we have adopted a new teaching and learning method which was a discovering way instead of tranditional method .In this way,students themselves selected the combination subject,put forward and carried out the whole experiment scheme.By the reform,we couldd find out that it was helpful not only to improve students' thinking and operating abilities but also to encourage their interests in genetics.     

关于“生物体突变抑制机制”的教学探索

本文将《遗传学》教材中有关遗传物质的复制、传递、突变、表达等内容用“生物体的突变抑制机制”贯穿起来,并将其分为细胞、DNA、密码子、修复、细胞质遗传、表达、个体、群体水平上的突变抑制机制进行教学。这种方式有利于学生的理解和思索,收到了很好的教学效果。 Abstract：This paper threads replication, transmission,mutatio n and expression of genetics with “the inhibitory mechanism from mutation for organism”.It is analyzed on the levels of cell,DNA sequence,codon,repair,expr ession, cytoplasmic heredity,individual and population.In this way,it is suitabl e and fruitful for students to understand and speculate the related subject mat ters in teaching genetics.     

遗传学实验显微图像采集与演示系统设计

利用 Microsoft® Visual Basic 6.0 设计开发了“遗传学实验显微图像采集与演示系统”,该系统主要包括图像采集和编辑、文本输入和编辑,实验指导和图像演示、图像检索和数据库管理、系统维护及帮助等功能,各部分都以窗口形式设计,既可采用视频图像采集卡实时捕获图像,又可通过扫描仪、数码相机、剪贴板或文件输入已有的图像,并经压缩技术处理后与文字说明、实验指导一同存入数据库,方便、快捷、灵活地实现了对图像的输入和编辑、查询和演示,无论是对教师的遗传学实验教学,还是对学生的遗传学实验的自学,都起到了良好的辅助作用。Abstract: A system for capturing and showing micrographs of genetics was designed with Microsoft® Visual Basic 6.0. The system includes many functions such as capturing and editing images, typing and editing text, teaching experiments, showing images, image retrieval, database management, system maintenance and help, all of them were developed with the form of windows. The system could collect images not only from image-grabber card in real-time but also from scanner, digital camera, clipboard and files. After utilizing the image compression technology, the images will be saved in database along with experiment instruction. With all the features referred above, the system can used as a wonderful assistant both for the teaching of genetics experiment and for the students’ learning by themselves.     

Chia-Chen Tan and genetics in modern China

Chia-Chen Tan(谈家桢,1909-2008)was one of the most important founders of genetics in modern China and made great effort to the inter nation alization of Chinese gen etics(Fig.1).Chia-Chen Tan was born on September 15,1909 in Zhejiang Provinee.He studied in missionary middle school and public high school successively before being admitted to Soochow Un iversity without exami nation.He majored in biology in university and became interested in genetics.After graduating in 1930,he entered YenChing University and learnt from Ju-Chi Li(李汝祺)(Fig.2)who was the first Chinese student to receive a doctor's degree from American famous geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan and was the only genetics professor in YenChing University at that time(Zhang,2017).     

遗传学教学内容立体化建议

旨在探索遗传学教学新模式,加强学生素质教育。在引入遗传学史和科学方法论的前提下进行遗传学理论体系教学,辅以专业英语教学,注重实验教学,使遗传学教学内容立体化。最大程度激发学生的潜能,使知识转化为能力。     

中国遗传学教学40年发展及展望

1978年以来,在中国遗传学会的指导和帮助下,中国遗传学教育工作者在遗传学教学体系、教材建设、教学内容、教学研讨、实验教学、新技术应用等方面进行了全面而系统的探索与改革,成效显著,促进了我国遗传学教育教学事业的大发展,为我国经济和社会发展培养了大批优秀的遗传学人才。本文总结了近40年来中国遗传学教学的改革成就,并对其未来的发展提出了建议,期待中国遗传学教学质量在新时代再上新台阶。     

ASHG activities relative to education: Human genetics as a component of medical school curricula: A report to the American society of human genetics

In recent years, there has been a remarkable increase in both the rate of acquiring new information about human genetics and the importance of human genetics for modern health care. As a result, human genetics educators have queried whether the teaching of human genetics in North-American medical schools has kept pace with these increases. To address this question, a survey of these medical schools was undertaken to assess how human geneticists perceive the teaching of human genetics in their respective institutions. The results of the survey, begun and completed in 1985, indicate the following: (1) the teaching of human genetics in medical schools is extremely variable from one institution to another, with some schools having no identifiable human genetics teaching at all; (2) the relevance of human genetics to other basic science and clinical disciplines apparently leads to noncategorical or fragmented teaching of human genetics, which may also contribute to the absence of a specific medical school course in the subject; and (3) there is a need for closer collaboration between human genetics educators and their respective medical school administrators and curriculum committees.     

提高中医院校医学遗传学教学质量的探讨

根据多年教学实践经验,对中医院校医学遗传学课程教学中的现状进行分析,提出要从优化教学内容、采用多种教学方法、创新教学手段、教学结合临床、改革考核方法等方面入手提高医学遗传学课程的教学质量。     

利用经典文献优化《遗传学》双语教学

双语教学在融合专业学习和外语学习中的重要性中已日益明显, 越来越多的高校期望通过双语教学促进高等教育改革, 提高人才培养的质量。《遗传学》是生命科学领域相关本科专业最重要的课程之一, 但遗传学双语教学的模式尚有待于更多的教学实践加以探索。遗传学经典文献是非常值得利用的双语教学资源。文章分析了遗传学经典文献在双语教学中的应用价值, 同时对《遗传学》双语教学方法的优化进行了探讨。     

Human genetics teaching in U.S. medical schools.

Information about instruction in genetics was obtained fron 103 of the 107 U.S. four-year medical schools. Seventy-two percent of the schools provide a compulsory course in genetics, but there was great variation in duration, content, departmental responsibility for giving the course, and in the disciplines of those doing the teaching. The variability in the number of hours devoted to teaching genetics was reflected in the competence of the students in giving correct answers to questions on genetics posed by the National Board of Medical Examiners. Electives and continuing education courses on genetics are given by two-thirds and one-half of the schools, respectively; but the subject receives very little attention in departments of preventive, community, or family medicine or in schools of allied health sciences. These findings suggest that genetics has not yet found a natural and comfortable context in the curricula of U.S. medical schools.     

农林院校《遗传学》与相关课程间教学内容的重复及解决途径

遗传学是农林院校的主干课程之一。通过对遗传学与相关课程教学内容的分析,它们之间存在着严重的重复现象,课程间的衔接也存在一些问题。文章探讨了教学内容重复和不完善衔接所导致的不良后果,提出了解决教学内容重复问题的途径及改善相关课程间衔接的建议,旨在缓解遗传学本科教学内容大幅度扩增与教学时数缩减的矛盾,并为今后有关课程的教材编写提供参考。     

医学病例在高校普通遗传学教学中的运用

遗传学是生命科学、医学、农学等相关领域的核心课程。作为21世纪生命科学中发展最为迅速的学科之一,教学内容复杂、更新快,遗传学知识对人一生的影响也日益增强,特别是与医学相关的遗传学知识更是受到大众关注。为使学生更容易理解深奥的遗传学知识,使教学内容更贴近生活,在教学过程中引入医学病例,将相应的医学病例同遗传学理论知识结合并作出适当的延伸,将有利于提高学生的遗传学知识综合分析能力,同时提高学生的学习积极性和实用技能。本文根据现代遗传学教学体系,引入相应的医学病例,强调培养学生综合遗传分析能力,为综合性大学、师范院校的普通遗传学教学提供参考。     

在粗糙脉孢菌两个连锁基因作图教学中若干关键问题的解析

顺序四分子遗传分析是遗传学教学的重要内容,特别是其中的两个连锁基因作图既是教学的重点又是难点。如何更好的讲解这部分内容,是许多遗传学教师或相关教材编者探索的主要问题之一。文章基于多年的教学实践,总结了学生难以理解但又容易被教师或教材编者忽略的若干关键问题,对这些问题进行了深入的分析并提出了相关的意见和建议,以供遗传学教师和教材编者参考。