东北羊草草原微生物在能流中作用的研究——常微分方程稳定性在能流上的应用

在东北地区天然羊草(Leymus chinesis)草原上测定了羊草凋落物生物量、热值含量和分解速率以及土壤微生物生物量的呼吸作用速率,并将测定结果换算成能量。结果指出,在土壤微生物的能量流动过程中,羊草凋落物中的能量含量为206.57千卡/平方米·年;土壤微生物分解羊草凋落物中的能量为83.79千卡/平方米·年;土壤微生物在呼吸作用中消耗的能量为20.64千卡/平方米·年;土壤微生物自身贮存的能量为63.15千卡/平方米·年。据此推算,每年积累在地表上的羊草凋落物约需2.5—3年的时间可全部分解完。用电子计算机对土壤微生物的能量流动进行了稳定性分析表明,其能量流动过程中的平衡态是渐近稳定的,说明该地土壤微生物能量流动过程中平衡态稳定性机制为负反馈机制。即当土壤微生物的能量流动过程受到干扰时,土壤微生物具有抵抗干扰和保持平衡态的自我调节能力,以确保能量流动的正常进行。     

大豆（Glycing soja）苗期光合呼吸和蒸腾作用中的能量代谢

本文研究了大豆(Glying soja)苗期在光合、呼吸和蒸腾作用中的能量代谢,结果表明,大豆苗期的能量输入为990Kcal.m~(-2)·h~(-1),能量吸收为40.42Kcal.m~(-2)·h~(-1),能量固定为14.71Kcal.m~(-2)·h~(-1),能量损耗为28.61Kcal.m~(-2)·h~(-1),能量积累为11.71Kcal。m~(-2)·h~(-1)。 由此可见,绝大多数的能量损耗于大豆苗期的能量代谢过程,其中,蒸腾作用中的能量损耗为25.71Kcal.m~(-2)·h~(-1),光呼吸和暗呼吸作用中的能量损耗为3.00Kcal.m~(-2)·h~(-1)。因此,大豆苗期能量利用效率仅为1.18％。     

羊草种群净光合速率的日变化及其与环境条件之间的相互关系

本项研究的对象是东北羊草草原的建群种群——羊草种群。研究结果表明,羊草种群净光合速率的日变化为双峰型曲线。第一次高峰出现在上午10点,为2.64g CO₂/m²(地面)·hr,第二次高峰出现在下午15点,为2.29g CO₂/m²(地面)·hr;全天的净光合速率为25.74g CO₂/m²(地面)·d.羊草种群净光合速率的日变化与测定时环境条件的日变化密切相关。各环境因子对羊草种群净光合速率的日变化发生综合影响.中午空气湿度降低和土壤含水量减少是羊草种群净光合速率中午降低的主要限制因素。     

科尔沁沙地盐生草甸主要植物群落种群格局的研究

本文采用方差/均值法,Greig-Smith格局分析法及Hill格局分析法,探讨了科尔沁沙地盐生草甸主要植物群落种群格局及其成因。结果表明,羊草群落和野古草群落中的大部分种为聚集分布,羊草与野古草群落交错区中所有种为聚集分布,其最小面积为0.01m~2,最大面积为6.4×6.4m~2。邻接格子最小取样面积应小于0.05×0.05m~2,最适取样面积为40.96m~2,小规模格局是种子扩散和营养繁殖的结果,中规模起因于匍匐和长根茎的扩散,大规模则取决于土壤总盐分及pH值。     

羊草种群的热值及其能量贮藏特点

为了获得有关中国东北羊草草原生态系统能量学方面的基础数据,作者对该草原的建群植被——羊草种群进行了热值含量的测定,在此基础上,对单位面积上的羊草种群热值含量进行了计算,以便分析在自然条件下,羊草种群的能量贮藏特点。研究结果表明,羊草(Leymus Chinensis)种群的果穗与其各器官相比,具有最高的热值含量,为4898.28cal/gDW,其活枝条与羊草种群的各部分相比,具有最高的热值含量,为4711.86cal/gDW。羊草种群将其截获的绝大部分太阳辐射能贮藏在地下部分以便为种群的安全越冬和第二年生长季节开始对其地上部分的萌发提供充足的能量。     

放牧对大针茅草原建群种与优势种空间分布关系的影响

为探讨放牧下大针茅草原建群种大针茅(Stipa grandis)和优势种羊草(Leymus chinensis)及糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)种群空间分布特点及关系,本实验以内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟毛登牧场大针茅草原建群种大针茅、优势种羊草和糙隐子草为研究对象,通过野外试验,以地统计学为基础,采用半方差函数、分形维数及克里格插值法,分析了围封(CK)和放牧(G)样地大针茅、羊草及糙隐子草种群小尺度空间分布关系。结果表明:围封样地大针茅、羊草及糙隐子草植株密度分别为10.94株/m~(2 )、12.95株/m~(2 )、13.60株/m~(2 ),放牧样地植株密度分别为16.84株/m~(2 )、48.28株/m~(2 )、28.63株/m~(2 ),放牧显著增加大针茅、羊草及糙隐子草种群密度(P0.05);半方差函数进行模型拟合发现,大针茅、羊草及糙隐子草种群空间分布函数关系均符合高斯模型;通过对空间分布函数关系分析,围封和放牧样地结构比为G (93.3%) CK(60.4%),表明放牧样地大针茅种群空间分布主要受结构性因素影响,而围封大针茅种群则受随机性因素影响较大;围封和放牧样地分形维数值为CK(1.796) G(1.361),表明放牧样地大针茅、羊草和糙隐子草所形成的空间分布格局相比围封样地较为复杂,大针茅空间分布对羊草和糙隐子草空间分布的依赖性较弱;通过立体图分析,在放牧利用过程中,羊草处于中低密度时,及糙隐子草处于高密度时,均与大针茅种群间的关系从围封中的竞争关系变为放牧过程中的亲和关系,可见放牧导致种间关系改变。     

羊草草地枯枝落叶与分解者之间能量流动的研究

对羊草草地枯枝落叶和分解者之间的能量流动过程分析表明,每年因植物枯死输入到枯枝落叶的能量为3769.42kJ／m2／a;储存在枯枝落叶中的能量为：3424.10kJ／m2;每年被分解者所消耗的能量为1141.67kJ／m2／a,其中71.87%的能量用于呼吸作用。目前在羊草草地上,枯枝落叶和分解者之间的能量流动输入大于输出,能量处于积累阶段。当达到稳定状态时,储存在枯枝落叶中的能量为11305.61kJ／m2,分解者中的能量为1475.20kJ／m2。     

羊草种群密度与生长动态研究

 通过人为控制种群密度的栽培实验,从基株和构件水平上观察羊草无性系种群的生长动态,分析不同密度水平上羊草种群通过调节种群的生长、发育、增殖以及死亡过程来适应密度制约的途径。研究结果表明：1)羊草种群密度可在不同的构件水平间得到调节。当基株密度得到适当调节后便可减缓构件密度(无性系枝条、根茎芽等)的变化幅度和影响构件的发育进程。2)无性系枝条是羊草种群的主体,常在生长季后期出现大量增长,都处于生长旺盛的幼苗期,为翌年春季的返青积累能量和物质。3)单位面积总生物量随密度增加而提高,虽然尚未出现产量恒值现象,但存活枝条平均单株重(地上生物量)随密度增加呈下降趋势,这已反映出密度制约的作用。4)不同密度下羊草种群的生殖过程表现为：低密度时以无性繁殖为主,根茎芽的存活力较高;高密度时以有性繁殖为主,生殖分配值较大。     

海莲、秋茄两种红树群落能量的研究

 本文应用热值测定,对中国两种典型红树群落,即海南岛的海莲群落及福建九龙江口的秋茄群落样品热值、群落能量现存量、能量固定量以及太阳能转化效率进行了测定和分析．结果表明：(1)红树群落各组分样品之间热值有一定的差异;一般叶、花的热值较高,而根、树皮的热值较低。(2)群落能量现存量海莲群落(1984年1月)高达178,627kcal／m2,秋茄群落为70,547kcal／m2,群落能量在不同组分以及不同高度层次上均有不同的分配比。(3)海莲群落(1983)、秋茄群落(1982)能量年净固定量分别为15,772kcal／m2和10,456kcal/m2,相应地对林地太阳光合有效辐射能的转化效率依次为3.01％和2.01％;红树群落比其他植物群落具有较高的能量固定能力及太阳能转化效率。     

青冈种群的能量损耗

１引言青冈（Ｃｙｃｌｏｂａｌａｎｏｐｓｉｓｇｌａｕｃａ）种群的能量损耗,是能量代谢中除能量积累外的另一部分。能量损耗过程是通过植物三大生理代谢活动中的呼吸和蒸腾两个作用而实现的。本文是继“青冈种群的能量积累”一文［１］的续篇,以便对青冈种群的能量代谢...     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.