425例皮肤浅部真菌病的病原菌分析

目的探讨杭州地区皮肤浅部真菌病的病原菌分布及各年龄段发病情况。方法对2011年1月至2014年12月来杭州市西湖区第二人民医院皮肤科就诊的425例皮肤浅部真菌病患者的病原菌进行回顾性统计分析。结果皮肤浅部真菌病病原菌前三位为红色毛癣菌、酵母菌和须癣毛癣菌,发病部位前三位为足癣、甲癣和体癣。体癣和皮肤念珠菌病以7岁(不含7岁)婴幼儿为主,手癣、足癣和甲癣以18(含18岁)~65岁(含65岁)中青年人群为主,股癣以18(含18岁)~40岁(含40岁)青年人和65岁(不含65岁)老年人为主。结论杭州地区皮肤浅部真菌病以红色毛癣菌和酵母菌为主,患者以18(含18岁)~65岁(含65岁)中青年为主要人群。要坚持开展皮肤浅部真菌病的流行病学监测,对皮肤浅部真菌病的防治有重要意义。     

610例浅部致病真菌分析

目的了解本地区浅部真菌病的致病菌菌种的分布情况。方法用沙堡琼脂培养基分离培养浅部真菌病的致病菌,并分析各年份菌种分离结果。结果共分离出6种610株致病菌,其中红色毛癣菌居首位,念珠菌居第2位,红色毛癣菌和念珠菌的分离率随年份有明显变化。结论红色毛癣菌居患者浅部真菌病致病菌首位,念珠菌也是重要病原菌,且病原菌分离率随年份有明显变化。     

广州地区2181例红色毛癣菌致浅部真菌病分析CSCD

目的 了解广州地区红色毛癣菌致浅部真菌病的临床特点。方法 对2012年1月至2020年6月来南方医科大学皮肤病医院进行真菌培养检查并且鉴定结果为红色毛癣菌的患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 2 181例红色毛癣菌引起的浅部真菌病中,甲癣1 407例(64.51%),足癣324例(14.85%),股癣249例(11.42%),体癣144例(6.60%),手癣37例(1.70%),头癣20例(0.92%)。体癣、股癣和甲癣不同性别存在差异;不同年龄段的占比也存在差异。结论 广州地区红色毛癣菌引起的浅部真菌病与国内报道各种真菌引起的浅部真菌病特点相似,但引起甲癣的占比更高。     

131例儿童浅部真菌病患者临床和病原菌分析

目的了解目前本地区儿童浅部真菌病的发病情况及病原菌菌种构成。方法对2015年1月~2016年1月来我院皮肤科门诊确诊的131例浅部真菌病患儿的临床特征及真菌镜检和真菌培养结果进行分析。结果 131例浅部真菌病患儿中,足部浅部真菌病最多,为47例(35.9%),其次是躯干部(除外股部)32例(24.4%),指(趾)甲24例(18.3%),股部12例(9.2%),手部9例(6.9%),头部7例(5.3%);男孩84例(64.1%),女孩47例(35.9%),男性明显多于女性;男孩年龄8个月~14岁,女孩年龄3个月~14岁;在分离出的96株菌株中,红色毛癣菌最多(37株,38.5%),其次是白念珠菌(28株,29.2%)和犬小孢子菌(12株,12.5%),其他还有马拉色菌3株,热带念珠菌2株,其他念珠菌属10株,絮状表皮癣菌1株,须癣毛癣菌1株,未分类真菌2株。结论 131例儿童浅部真菌病中,足部浅部真菌病最多;致病菌种以红色毛癣菌、白念珠菌为主。     

东南沿海部队皮肤浅部真菌病的调查研究

目的了解东南沿海部队官兵近年真菌菌种构成情况及调查浅部真菌病非高发季节的患病率。方法于11月对浙江地区和福建地区某部队官兵共324人进行浅部真菌病患病情况调查,通过临床检查确定皮肤病种类和感染人(次),对于临床诊断为浅部真菌病的官兵进行真菌镜检证实后明确诊断,并留菌种进行真菌培养。结果真菌感染性疾病患病率为55.2%(324人中179人发病),其中手足癣158人次(48.8%),体股癣35人次(10.8%),花斑癣24人次(7.4%),马拉色菌毛囊炎18人次(5.6%),甲癣5人次(1.5%)。真菌镜检阳性率为76.36%,首位致病菌为红色毛癣菌71株,占84.5%。结论部队尤其是亚热带地区部队,浅部真菌病的患病率较高,不同驻地官兵患皮肤浅部真菌病有差异,而服役年限及兵源与患皮肤浅部真菌病之间无显著差异。     

濮阳市部分浅部真菌病中癣菌和念珠菌混合感染的分析

目的了解濮阳地区部分浅部真菌病中两种及两种以上真菌混合感染的情况。方法对临床确诊为浅部真菌病的患者456例,取标本行10%KOH直接镜检、真菌培养及菌种鉴定。登记确诊患者相关临床资料,分析其中混合感染的发病特点。结果确诊皮肤癣菌和念珠菌混合感染病例36例,分离率为7.89%,多见于股部(58.33%)和足部(27.78%);分离菌株72株,皮肤癣菌中以红色毛癣菌为主(75.00%),念珠菌中以非白念珠菌为主(72.22%)。结论濮阳地区部分浅部真菌病中混合感染主要为皮肤癣菌和念珠菌的混合感染,多见于股部和足部;致病菌以红色毛癣菌和非白念珠菌为主。     

不同地区浅部真菌病病原菌流行状况比较

目的了解近半年来华东、华南、华北地区浅部真菌病病原菌的种类、构成情况以及菌种变迁。方法以近半年来在上海、广州、北京3家教学医院皮肤科就诊的浅部真菌病患者为3个地区的代表,对具有典型浅部真菌病临床表现且真菌镜检阳性的患者进行致病真菌的分离培养。结果共分离出致病真菌926株,其中红色毛癣菌544株（58.7%）,念珠菌132株（14.3%）,犬小孢子菌119株（12.9%）,须癣毛癣菌23株（2.5%）,石膏小孢子菌16株（1.7%）。华东地区浅部真菌构成比复杂,华南及华北地区相对简单。结论不同地区浅部致病真菌菌种及构成比存在差异;三地红色毛癣菌均仍占优势;而念珠菌和犬小孢子菌所占比例有上升趋势。     

上海浦东新区浅部真菌病及其致病菌种的分布特征分析

目的了解浦东新区浅部真菌病的致病病种、菌种构成及其分布特征。方法对疑似浅部真菌病患者的标本进行显微镜直接镜检及培养鉴定,并作临床资料登记及统计学分析。结果确诊的895例浅部真菌病患者中体、股癣337例(37.65%),生殖器念珠菌病227例(25.36%),手、足癣168例(18.77%),甲真菌病93例(10.39%),花斑癣70例(7.82%)。患者男性多于女性,20～39岁年龄组的患病人数(48.72%)明显多于其他年龄组(P<0.05),但甲真菌病患者女性则普遍多于男性,且以50～59岁患病人数最多(P<0.05)。分离的797株菌种中红色毛癣菌379株(47.55%),念珠菌属293株(36.76%),须癣毛癣菌62株(7.78%)。结论上海浦东新区浅部真菌病的病种以体、股癣最多见,男性青壮年多见,而甲真菌病则以中老年女性多见。浅部致病真菌的分布以红色毛癣菌占首位,念珠菌属次之,须癣毛癣菌位于第三位。     

甲真菌病治疗失败的原因与对策

甲真菌病是真菌引起的指（趾）甲感染,病原菌包括皮肤癣菌、酵母菌（主要是念珠菌）和霉菌,在2002～2004年对中国部分地区甲真菌病的致病菌调查研究表明,皮肤癣菌感染占甲真菌病的66．4％-67．9％,多数为红色毛癣菌和须癣毛癣菌 。甲真菌病约占浅部真菌病的30％,     

耳鼻咽喉真菌性疾病

<正>由真菌引起的疾病统称为"真菌病"。真菌可以感染人体的不同部位,发生在耳鼻咽喉部位的真菌病并不罕见。耳鼻咽喉真菌病包括浅部和深部真菌感染,前者如各种皮肤癣菌病,部分外耳道真菌病,或可将其看作皮肤科诊治范围之疾病;后者如组织胞浆菌病、球孢子菌病、芽生菌病、念珠菌     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2016年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2016年中国植物科学持续稳步发展, 表现在中国植物科学家在国际主流高影响力学术期刊发表文章的数量稳中有升, 中国植物科学领域的期刊逆风出行, 进入研究性期刊世界前三甲行列。中国科学家在植物学诸多领域取得了丰硕的成果。水稻(Oryza sativa)产量性状杂种优势的分子遗传机制解析入选2016年中国科学十大进展; 植物受精过程中雌雄配子体信号识别机制的研究和独脚金内酯的受体感知机制入选2016年生命科学十大进展。我国植物科学, 特别是以水稻为代表的作物研究在国际学术界已占有一席之地。例如, 在水稻组学(如基因组和转录组等)资源和技术平台的建立、重测序的开发及功能基因的克隆和调控网络的解析方面取得了系列重要成果(如揭示了独脚金内酯信号转导的“去抑制化激活”机制、从分子水平上阐释了水稻籼粳杂种不育和广亲和性基因S5的作用机理及发现了控制水稻耐冷的基因组位点), 已经引领世界水稻乃至作物科学研究。该文对2016年中国本土植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究进展进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和研究热点, 与读者共享我国科学家所取得的杰出成就。